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Ethical Engineering: A Practical Guide with Case Studies

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Ethical Engineering: A Practical Guide with Case Studies provides detailed and practical guidance in making decisions about the many ethical issues practicing engineers may face in their professional lives. It outlines a decision-making procedure and helps engineers construct an ethics toolkit consisting of professional models, a comprehensive set of ethical considerations and factors that help in weighing those considerations, and analyses of particular issues, such as reverse engineering a patented process. Illustrating case studies, both brief and detailed, are provided.

Features:

• Introduces the nature of ethical decision-making as applied to engineering values and issues.

• Helps readers develop a detailed ethics toolkit that identifies options and solutions and allows them to monitor and adjust as necessary.

• Features topics such as safety, sustainability, bioethics, diversity and equality, information technology and AI, as well as critical areas often overlooked in engineering texts, such as mentoring, advertising (for consulting firms), engineering sales, and much more.

• Includes 85 case studies to illustrate a variety of scenarios.

• Offers an international perspective with codes of ethics from around the world, including Saudi Arabia, India, New Zealand, Chile, and Japan.

Emphasizing the importance of the moral life and of engineering as an occupation with high ideals, this book helps readers navigate a variety of real-world ethical issues they are likely to face in this increasingly interdisciplinary, global, and diverse profession.

Author(s): Eugene Schlossberger
Series: What Every Engineer Should Know
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2023

Language: English
Pages: 422
City: Boca Raton

Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
What Every Engineer Should Know: Series Statement
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Author
PART I: Introduction and Ethical Decision-making
Chapter 1: The Nature of Engineering Ethics
What This Book Is About
Why Ethics for Engineers?
A Revealing Case
Cut-Throat v. Community Workplaces
The Consumer Life v. The Life of Values
What Should I Do?
Chapter 2: Ethical Decision-Making
The Nature of Ethical Decision-making
Making Ethical Decisions
A Template for Moral Decision-making
Preparation
Creating a Toolkit Rationally: Looking at the Arguments
Three Rational Responses to an Argument
Four Rational Responses to a Counterexample
Picture Building and the Moral Edifice
Relativism
Making Particular Decisions: The Five-Step Process
PART II: Sources of Ethical Decision-making
Chapter 3: The Engineering Way
What Is Engineering
Design Ethics and Cultural Appropriation
Thinking Like an Engineer
Characteristics of the Compleat Engineer
The Engineering Process
Models of the Profession
Models of the Engineering Profession
Engineering and Businesse
Chapter 4: Values of the Engineering Profession
Technology as Practical Wisdom
Safety
Extent of a Risk
Balancing Risks against Benefits
Nature of Risks
Publicizing Risks
Human Progress
Clean, Clear Decision-making
Community
Partnership with Nature
Chapter 5: Additional Ethical Sources (Part 1)
When to Fight a Battle
Treating Others Fairly and Well
Illustrating Cases
The Duty to Leave the World No Worse
World Religious Traditions
Promoting Good Consequences
Illustrating Example
The Golden Rule
Universality
Proclamative Principle (Duty to Set a Moral Precedent)
Case Studies
Respect for Persons
Right
Autonomy
Chapter 6: Additional Ethical Sources (Part 2)
Personal Values, Moral Beauty, and The Good Life
Virtues
The Precautionary Principle
Responsibility (Dual-Use)
The Nature of Moral Responsibility
Promoting Good Consequences (The Utilitarian Perspective)
Safety and Future Generations
Leaving the World No Worse Than One Found it
The Weak Samaritan Principle
Respect for Autonomy
The Doctrine of Intervening Wills (Novus Actus Interveniens)
Four Concluding Questions
Two Principles of Institutional Responsibility
Institutional Duties
When to Break the Rules
Codes of Ethics
Contents of Codes of Ethics
The Role of Codes of Ethics
PART III: Problems and Issues in Engineering
Chapter 7: Honesty and Professionalism
Whistleblowing
Competence
Keeping Accurate Records and Obeying the Law
Sales, Honesty, and Disclosure of Product’s Liabilities
Consulting v. Adversarial Sales
Chapter 8: Good Faith
Conflict of Interest
Confidentiality and Trade Secrets
Patents and Copyrights
Bidding
Chapter 9: Employee-Employer Relations
Types of Work Relationships
Leadership and Healthy Work Environments
Protégés
Dealing with Subordinates
Equality/Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI)
Sexual Harassment, Favoritism, and Professional Relations
Hiring Practices
Interdepartmental Dealings and Hiring Away from Another Firm
Chapter 10: The Environment, Climate Change, and Sustainability
Climate Change
Pollution
Sustainability
Conservation and Preservation
Solutions
Balancing Environmental Risk and Benefit
Recycle, Reuse, and Reduce
Nine General Responses to Environmental Problems
Conclusion
Chapter 11: Appropriate Technology and Less Developed Regions (LDRs)
Substituting Cash for Subsistence Crops
Products Banned at Home but Legal Abroad
Depleting Natural Resources (Such as Cutting Down Rainforests)
Less Stringent Environmental Regulation and Unsustainable Practices
Products Safe at Home but Unsafe Under Local Conditions
Cultural Disruption
Doing as the Romans Do
Implementing Regionally Appropriate Technology
Ethical Factors Useful in Dealing with these Concerns
Chapter 12: Bioengineering and Medical Engineering
Overview
Broad Issues Arising in Multiple Contexts
Safety and the Environment
Social Implications, Playing God, Respecting Humanity, and the Slippery Slope
The Enhancement/Treatment Distinction
Access and Social Justice
Areas of Ethical Concern
Designer Babies and Human Gene Engineering
GMOs in and outside of the Food Chain
New Reproductive Technologies
Biotechnology to Mitigate Disability or Enhance Human Beings, Brain Research, and Psychological Control
Genetic Testing
Further Issues
Summary
Chapter 13: Information Technology, Artificial Intelligence, and Software Engineering
Overview
Characteristics of Information Technology Producing Special Ethical Concerns
List of Issues in Information Technology
Three General Reminders (Value-Sensitive Design, Broader Context, Anti-Patterns)
Issues About Software and Technology Development
Rushing to Market and Cutting Costs
Results of Failure and Unintended Consequences
Dual Use
Intellectual Property/Copyright/Patents/Trade Secrets
Issues About Content (Data)
Bias
Privacy, Security, and FRT
Hosts’ Responsibility for User/Client Code and Content
Information Technology, AI, and Society
Autonomous Technologies
Job Displacement and the Digital Divide
Additional Resources and Illustrating Cases
Chapter 14: Consulting Engineering
Advertising
Dishonest or Misleading Advertising
Unseemly or Demeaning Advertising
Advertising with Morally Questionable Messages
New Forms of Advertising
Competing with Other Firms
Competitive Bidding
Contingency Fees
Bribes and Kickbacks
Derogatory Remarks about Other Engineers
Reviewing the Work of Others
Reviewing, Checking, and Stamping the Work of Unlicensed Individuals
Reviewing the Work of Other Engineers
Safety and Liability
Appendix I: Links to Codes of Ethics from Across the World
Appendix II: Summary of Major Western Ethical Theories
Appendix III: Additional Cases
Appendix IV: Two Sample Suggestions
Formation of an Environmental and CommunityIssues Advisory Board (ECIAB)
Ethical Ombudsperson
List of Cases
Index