This book covers topical subjects within the field of death investigation, where changes in practice have recently occurred. The topics embrace the multi-disciplinary approach required for death investigation, and address advances in the fields of forensic fractography in relation to road traffic death investigations, pathology, MicroCt and 3D printing as applied to forensics. Chapters are written in a uniform easy-to-follow format to ensure they are accessible to both specialists and non-specialists in the field.
Essentials of Autopsy Practice ― Updates and Reviews to Aid Practice is a practical focused resource covering the latest advances in autopsy practice, making it an ideal resource for trainees, consultants, generalists and specialists, along with multi-disciplinary teams working in this field.
Author(s): Guy N. Rutty
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 208
City: Cham
Preface
Contents
Contributors
1 Forensic Application of “Free-D” Software
Introduction
Blender
Getting Started
Basic Tidying
Selection
Removing Artefacts
Filling Holes
Manipulation
Modifiers
Text
Designing Your Own Models
Snapping
Extrusion
Subdivision Surface Modifier
Proportional Editing
Image Rendering
Lights, Camera…
Rendering Engine
Materials
Texture “Wrapping”
Animation
Movement
Saving Your Animation
Mesh Deformation
Summary
References
2 Post-mortem Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Introduction
Technique
Diagnostic Possibilities
Summary
References
3 The Use of Micro–computed Tomography for Forensic Applications
Introduction
Instrumentation
Magnification, Resolution and Quantification
Software
Potential Sources of Error
Beam Hardening
Partial Volume Artefacts
Scanner–based Sources of Error
Radiation Damage
Selected Applications
Bones and Toolmarks
Larynx Fractures
Gunshot
Entomology
Summary
References
4 The Role of Fractography in Forensic Pathology and Anthropology Examinations
Introduction
Bone Fractography
Bone Mirror
Hackle
Arrest Ridges
Wake Hackle and Features
Cantilever Curl
Bone Fractography Using Computed Tomography
Fractography in Practice
Summary
References
5 The Application of Radiographic Imaging in Forensic Odontology
Introduction
Part 1: An Introduction to Conventional Radiography Techniques and their Application in Forensic Dental Identification
Bitewing Radiographs
Periapical Radiographs
Occlusal Radiography
Lateral Oblique Radiography
Dental Panoramic Tomograph (DPT)
Part 2: An Introduction to Post Mortem CT Scanning (PMCT) and Its Application in Forensic Dental Identification
CT Scanning
Medical CT Scan and Manipulation for Dental Identification Purposes to Simulate a DPT
Methodology of PMCT Development
Artefacts in PMCT
Beam Hardening
Metal Streak Artefacts
A Comparison Between 3-Dimensional and 2-Dimensional Imaging in Forensic Odontology
Summary
References
6 Disaster Victim Identification: Traditional Approaches and Changing Practices
Introduction
The Basics of Personal Identification
The Phases of DVI: A Summary
Phase 1: The Scene
Phase 2: Post-mortem (The Mortuary)
Phase 3: Ante-mortem (Data Collection)
Phase 4: Reconciliation
Phase 5: Debrief
Different Types and Scales of Disasters
Changing Practices
Technological Advances in Identification Processes and Methods
At The Scene
Implementation of Medical Imaging as a Triage Tool and for Identification
Dental Identifications
DNA
Fingerprints
Ante-mortem Data Collection
Reconciliation
Re-thinking Primary Versus Secondary Identification Methods
Managing Operations with Fragmented Human Remains
The Impact of DVI on DVI Responders
Summary
References
7 Examining an Already Autopsied or Exhumed Body
Introduction
General Limitations
Application of Post-mortem Procedures—Their Potential Gains and Weaknesses
Post-mortem Imaging—Radiology—Post-mortem Computed Tomography (PMCT)
Conventional Autopsy Examination—External Examination
Conventional Autopsy Examination—Internal Examination
Specimens Obtained for Further Evaluation
Material for Physicochemical Examination
Specimens for DNA Sampling
Samples for Toxicological Investigation
Microscopic Evaluation of Specimens Including Special Staining Methods
Material for Microbiological Evaluation
Material for Criminalistics (Mechanoscopy)
Presentation of Findings
Summary
References
8 Death Associated with Trees
Introduction
What is a “Tree-Related” Death?
Background—The Case of Lucy
Deaths in Logging, Forestry, Tree Care Operations, and Recreational Tree Care
Hazards
Injuries
Descent from Height
Electrocution
Chainsaws
Logs/Trunks
Drugs/Alcohol
Working in Isolation
Bystander Deaths
Human Factors and Prevention
Death from Tree Failures
Overview of Injuries in Descent from Height Fatalities
Tree-Related Deaths and Injuries in Melanesia and Tropical Regions
Falls of Climbers While Harvesting from Fruit Trees
Deaths and Injuries from Falling Coconuts and Tree Limbs
Falling Trees and Tree Limbs
Falling Coconuts
Deaths and Injuries Associated with Falls from Walnut Trees in the Agricultural Setting
Deaths and Injuries Associated with Tree Stands Used for Hunting
Summary
References
9 Mountain Death Revisited: Mass Slope Movements, Mountain Associated Suspension and Volcanos
Introduction
Mass Slope Movements
Landslides
Avalanches
Radiology of Avalanche Victims
Non-avalanche-Related Snow Immersion Deaths
Suspension
Head-Up Suspension
Head-Down Suspension
Volcanos
Ballistics
Avalanche
Hydrothermal
Gas
Pyroclastic Density Currents
Lava Flows
Tephra
Lightening
Lahars
Tsunami
Indirect Deaths
Postmortem Radiology of Volcano Fatalities
Summary
References
