Erbium Fiber Amplifiers is a comprehensive introduction to the increasingly important topic of optical amplification. Written by three Bell Labs pioneers, the book stresses the importance of the interrelation of materials properties, optical properties, and systems aspects of optical fiber amplifiers. The floppy disk included with the book contains a PC based educational version of the sophisticated commercial amplifier simulation package OASIX (sold by the Specialty Fiber Group of Lucent Technologies). This powerful numerical simulation software allows one to simulate the performance of a real erbium fiber amplifier, and obtain its properties such as signal gain and noise generated. Several parameter sets are included, each of which represents a commercially available type of erbium doped fiber usedin different kinds of amplifiers (e.g. preamplifiers and power amplifiers). The user can vary, via Windows based input screens, various amplifier characteristics such as fiber length, pump power, signal power, and additional signals. The output is savedin a file which can be read by any spreadsheet or plotting package for graphical representation of the results. The software allows the reader to explore on his or her own the concepts of amplifier performance discussed in the book, and gain a more intuitive and interactive educational experience leading to a richer understanding of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers and their applications. Key Features* Includes a software disk with a PC-based amplifier simulation tool derived from a sophisticated commercial package (OASIX), which allows the reader to gain an interactive educational experience using parameters for commercially available erbium-doped fibers* Explains the theory of noise in optically amplified systems in an intuitive way* The book contains a discussion of components used in amplifier fabrication and of the attendant technologies used in real systems* The book provides basic tools for amplifier design as well as systems engineering, including the latest developments in WDM and soliton systems* The book discusses the fundamentals of rare earth ions for the reader desiring more depth in the topic* The book is for either the novice of experienced reader* The chapter have links between them to allow the reader to understand the relationship between the amplifier characteristics, noise, and systems applications* The book contains extensive references
Author(s): Philippe C. Becker N. Anders Olsson Jay R. Simpson
Edition: 1st
Year: 1999
Language: English
Pages: 460
Front Cover......Page 1
Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers: Fundamentals and Technology......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Foreword......Page 11
Preface......Page 14
Acknowledgements......Page 16
1.1 Long Haul Fiber Networks......Page 18
1.2 Historical Development of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers......Page 22
1.3 From Glass to Systems – Outline......Page 26
2.1 Introduction......Page 30
2.2 Conventional Communication Fiber......Page 31
2.3 Rare Earth Doped Fibers......Page 33
2.4 Pump-Signal Interaction Methods......Page 42
2.5 Compositions......Page 44
2.6 Physical Properties......Page 46
3.2 Fiber Connectors......Page 60
3.3 Fusion Splicing......Page 65
3.4 Pump and Signal Combiners......Page 67
3.5 Isolators......Page 69
3.6 Circulators......Page 70
3.8 Fiber Gratings......Page 72
3.9 Signal Multiplexers and Demultiplexers......Page 78
3.10 Signal Add/Drop Components......Page 79
3.11 Dispersion Compensation Components......Page 80
3.13 Pump Lasers......Page 83
4.2 Atomic Physics of the Rare Earths......Page 104
4.3 Optical Spectra of Rare Earth Ions......Page 112
4.4 Fundamental Properties......Page 116
4.5 Spectroscopy of the Er3 Ion......Page 127
4.6 Er3 -Er3 Interaction Effects......Page 137
5.2 Amplification in Three-Level Systems – Basics......Page 148
5.3 Reduction of the Three-Level System to the Two-Level System......Page 161
5.4 Amplified Spontaneous Emission......Page 164
5.5 Analytical Solutions to the Two-Level System......Page 166
6.2 Absorption and Emission Cross Sections......Page 170
6.3 Gain and ASE Modeling......Page 173
6.4 Amplifier Simulations......Page 178
6.5 Transverse Mode Models – Erbium Confinement Effect......Page 197
6.6 Excited State Absorption Effects......Page 203
6.7 Er3 -Er3 Interaction Effects......Page 208
7.1 Introduction......Page 218
7.2 Optical Noise: Device Aspects......Page 219
7.3 Optical Noise: System Aspects......Page 229
8.2 Basic Amplifier Measurement Techniques......Page 268
8.3 Amplifier Design Issues......Page 280
9.1 Introduction......Page 338
9.2 System Demonstrations and Issues......Page 340
9.3 Soliton Systems......Page 384
10.1 Introduction......Page 418
10.2 Pr3 -doped Fiber Amplifiers......Page 421
10.3 Nd3 -Doped Fiber Amplifiers......Page 435
A.2 Introduction......Page 446
A.3 A Quick Overview and Tour......Page 447
A.4 Screen Contents and Simulation Methodology......Page 451
A.5 Simulation Looping Structure......Page 455
A.6 Sample Simulations......Page 459
A.7 Computation of Signal Related Quantities......Page 460
A.8 Computation of ASE Related Quantities......Page 461
A.9 Basic Operating Principles......Page 462
A.10 Comment on the treatment of losses......Page 465
INDEX......Page 468
Optics and Photonics......Page 478
Limited Use Software Evaluation License......Page 479
