Epigenetics and Anticipation

Contents
Context—A Subject More Important Than Ever
Environment and Genetic Processes
DNA Methylation as an Epigenetic Mechanism of Anticipation
1 Introduction
2 DNA Methylation is a Covalent Epigenetic Modification of DNA
3 Functional Role of DNA Methylation: An Anticipatory Mechanism
4 DNA Methylation as an Anticipatory Gene Expression Regulator
5 DNA Methylation Alterations by Early Life Experience Anticipating Responses to Future Exposures and Experiences
6 The Epigenetic Response to Early Life Environment: An Anticipatory Adaptive Mechanism
7 Summary
References
The Genetics and Epigenetics of Anticipatory Adaptation
1 Introduction
2 Types of Environmental Change
2.1 The Relative Length of an Environmental Period
2.2 The Patterns of Environmental Changes
3 Anticipation of a Future Environment
4 The Genetic Basis of Adaptation and Anticipation
4.1 Phenotypic Plasticity
4.2 Bet Hedging
5 The Role of Epigenetics
6 The Role of Chromatin Modification in the Development of the Phenotype
7 Adaptation and Genetic Assimilation
8 Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance
9 Anticipatory Adaptation in Humans
10 Summary and Conclusions
References
Enhancers: Encoding Regulation Across Time
1 Introduction
2 Enhancers
3 Enhancers and Transcriptional Regulation
4 Enhancer RNAs
5 Enhancers and Phase Dynamics
6 Enhancers and Anticipation
7 Enhancers and Human Disease
8 Final Thoughts
References
Mechanistic Basis of Regulation of Host Epigenetic Landscape and Its Association with Immune Function: A COVID19 Perspective
1 Introduction
2 SARS-CoV2-2 Mediated Pathogenesis and Its Association with Host Immunity
3 Epigenetic Modulates Host Innate Response
4 Epigenetic Basis of SARS-CoV2 Induced Adaptive Immune Response
5 Epigenetic Basis of Anti-Viral Immunity During SARS-CoV2 Infection
6 Epigenetic Basis of Immune Evasion During SARS-CoV2 Infection
7 Future Perspective and Conclusion
References
Epigenetics and Meaning
Body, Meaning, and Time: Healing Response as a Transtemporal and Multimodal Meaning-Making Process
1 Introduction
2 A Healing Journey in Time
3 Meaning and Energy: The Brain as a Bitcoin Machine
4 Meanings and Molecules: How Frog Narrates His Royal Tale!
5 Body: Between Being and Willing
6 From Local Body to Temporal Bodies
7 The Healing Response Formula
References
To Know: The Intersection Between Anticipatory Action and Epigenetic Processes. God, Science and the Last Question
1 Preliminaries
2 Anticipation
3 God is in the Question Mark
4 Epigenetics
5 The God of the Genome
6 The Last Question
References
Epigenetic Processes as Anticipatory Mechanisms: Insect Polyphenism as an Exemplar
1 Anticipatory Processes
1.1 Causal Properties
1.2 Temporal Properties
1.3 Effects on Fitness
1.4 Anticipation Across Biological Scales
2 Definition of Epigenetics
3 Epigenetic Regulation as an Anticipatory Mechanism
4 Epigenetic Regulation in Insects
5 Insect Polyphenism: Epigenetics as Anticipatory Mechanisms
5.1 Caste Determination
5.2 Seasonal Polyphenism
5.3 Dispersal Polyphenism
6 Conclusion
References
Epigenetics and Medicine
Epigenetic Mediated Regulation of Cancer-Testis/Germline Antigen and Its Implication in Cancer Immunotherapy: A Treasure Map for Future Anticipatory Medicine
1 Introduction
2 CTAs Are Expressed in Cancer
3 Epigenetics Plays a Predominant Role in CTA Expression
4 Role of Epigenetic Modulator in the Regulation of CTA Expression
5 CTA Is the Prominent Molecular Target in Immunotherapy
6 Epigenetic Mediated CTA Expression in Immunotherapeutic Approach in Cancer
7 The Current Advancement in CTA Mediated Approach to Immunotherapy
8 Conclusion
References
Epigenetics
1 Carcinogenesis
2 Major Epigenetic Alterations in Cancer
2.1 DNA Epigenetic Alterations
2.2 Histone Post-translational Modification
2.3 Histone Methylation
2.4 Histone Acetylation
2.5 Histone Phosphorylation
2.6 Remodeling Complexes
2.7 Noncoding RNAs
3 Epigenetics Drugs for Cancer Therapy
4 How Epigenetic Processes Can Be Manipulated for Cancer Patient Benefit
5 Conclusions and Perspectives
References
Revisiting an  Old Question
Genetic Anticipation: Fact or Artifact, Genetics or Epigenetics?
References
Epigenetics and Anticipatory Processes: From the Empirical to Foundational Aspects
1 Conundrum
2 “Knowing That” and “Knowing How” Revisited
3 Darwin, Lamarck, and the Octopus
4 Blueprint of Life?
5 Change—The Anticipatory Condition of Epigenetic Processes
6 The Observables of Epigenetic Expression and Anticipatory Action
7 The Threshold of Complexity
8 Distinctions
9 Accounting for Change
10 The Consequential Nature of Foundation Research
References