In 1994, representatives from all over the world met in Costa Rica to discuss the impact of ecological economics on developing countries. That groundbreaking conference laid the foundation for this new collection of research on environmental sustainability. While most discussions on sustainable development focus on the industrialized nations, Environmental Sustainability: Practical Global Applications takes a different angle: it presents the views of the developing countries themselves on issues such as wildlife resources in Nambia, timber production in Costa Rica, property rights and land reform in South Africa, and other steps being taken to implement environmentally sustainable economies around the world.This is an ideal text for students of natural and social sciences, development professionals and entrepreneurs seeking opportunities for ecologically sustainable businesses. Academics will find it useful as a source of current research and for making new contacts in the field. For anyone interested in exploring the link between man and his environment-specifically, the relationship between economics and ecology- Environmental Sustainability, is a must.
Author(s): Fraser Smith
Edition: 1
Year: 1997
Language: English
Pages: 304
Cover Page......Page 1
Title: Environmental Sustainability: Practical Global Applications......Page 2
ISBN 1574440772......Page 3
Contents......Page 5
Foreword......Page 7
Preface......Page 9
The Authors......Page 13
Abstract......Page 15
Introduction......Page 16
Sustainable Development as Envisioned in the North......Page 19
Playing “Devil’s Advocate” from Two Northern Standpoints......Page 22
Issues of Concern......Page 24
Lessons for the North......Page 26
A Synthetic Framework for Sustainable Development......Page 28
A Heuristic for Sustainable Development......Page 32
Conclusions......Page 35
References......Page 36
Part I: Philosophical Perspectives: Third World and First World Compared......Page 39
Abstract......Page 41
Introduction......Page 42
Paradigms of Sustainability......Page 44
The Amazon Indians’ System......Page 49
Some Final Thoughts......Page 54
References......Page 57
Introduction......Page 61
Collective Action and Social Institutions......Page 63
Economics and Institutions......Page 68
Sustainable Institutions......Page 70
Rawls’ Veil of Ignorance......Page 73
References......Page 75
Abstract......Page 81
Introduction......Page 82
The Terminology Trap......Page 83
The Agenda for Development......Page 84
Constraints of Sustainable Development in the Region......Page 88
International Perspective......Page 89
Southeast Asian Perspective......Page 92
The Malaysian Perspective......Page 93
Conclusions and Recommendations......Page 95
References......Page 97
Part II: Practical Steps Toward Sustainability......Page 99
Abstract......Page 101
Introduction......Page 102
Methods......Page 104
Relative Price Behavior and Foreseeable Trends......Page 105
Impact of Economic Prices in Macro Accounts of the Forestry Subsector and Implications for Agricultural Sector Accounts......Page 108
Economic Prices and Cross-Sectoral Subsidies......Page 112
Economic Pricing and Valuation of the Macro-Forest......Page 114
Implications of Forestry and Environmental Policy Design......Page 115
Agroforestry: A Contribution to Sustainable Development......Page 117
Conclusions......Page 118
References......Page 119
Abstract......Page 121
Introduction......Page 122
Concepts of Value: Relevance in the Context of NTFPs......Page 123
The Region and Its Important NTFPs......Page 126
Data Sources and Products......Page 128
Nationalization of NTFPs as an Intervention in the Market: The Case of Tendu Leaf......Page 134
Providing Concessional Access to NTFPs as an Intervention in the Market......Page 135
NTFPs as Exhaustibles: Present vs. Future Use......Page 136
NTFP Valuation and Forest Management: The Role of Supply......Page 139
Non-Instrumental Value: Biodiversity Valuation......Page 142
Conclusions......Page 145
Leaves......Page 147
Tree-Based Oilseeds......Page 148
Edible Products......Page 149
Medicinal Plants......Page 150
References......Page 151
Abstract......Page 155
Introduction......Page 156
Rights, Power, and Common Property Resource Management......Page 157
Fish–People Interactions......Page 159
Production and Productivity......Page 161
Fisheries Development Projects......Page 162
Evolution of Fisheries Management Policies......Page 163
Experiments in Management......Page 165
First Phase: IMOF I......Page 166
Second Phase: IMOF II......Page 168
Community-Based Fisheries Management......Page 170
Continuing Challenges......Page 171
References......Page 172
Abstract......Page 177
Background and Context......Page 178
Wildlife Uses......Page 182
Value of Wildlife on Private Land: 20 Years of Growth......Page 183
Value of Wildlife on Communal Land: Potential to Multiply......Page 185
Wildlife in Protected Areas......Page 188
Regional Magnet and Motor......Page 189
National Magnet for Tourism......Page 190
Overall Economic Value of Wildlife and Tourism......Page 191
Benefits to Local Residents on Communal Land......Page 192
Locally Controlled and Distributed Income......Page 193
Social Benefits......Page 196
Regional Current and Potential Benefits......Page 197
Earnings per Household in High- and Low-Potential Zones......Page 198
Benefits vs. Costs of Wildlife......Page 199
Wildlife as a Complement to Other Land Uses......Page 200
Conclusions......Page 202
Acknowledgments......Page 203
References......Page 204
Abstract......Page 207
Review of the Literature......Page 208
The Western United States......Page 209
Brazil......Page 211
Institutional Constraints in Peruvian Amazonia......Page 212
What Is the Legal Procedure to Obtain a Piece of Land?......Page 214
Agricultural Land......Page 215
Forest Land......Page 217
Land to Ethnic Groups......Page 218
Conflicts Over Land: Case Studies......Page 219
Conclusions and Policy Recommendations......Page 222
References......Page 224
Introduction......Page 227
Property Rights and Sustainable Development......Page 229
Issues and Trade-Offs......Page 230
Redistribution for Productive Agricultural Utilization......Page 231
The Principle of Conservation as an Exclusive Land Use......Page 234
Background......Page 235
Opportunity Costs of Redistributing State Land......Page 236
Alternative Property Rights and Sustainable Use of Private Land......Page 239
Conclusions......Page 242
References......Page 243
Introduction......Page 247
The Ecological Importance of Village Communities: A Global Perspective......Page 248
Defining Sustainable Development at the Village Community Level......Page 251
Nine Ethno-Ecological Principles for Sustainable Community Development......Page 253
Implementing Sustainable Development at the Village Community Level: The Mexican Experience......Page 256
Forestry Communities......Page 257
Coffee-Growing Communities......Page 258
Fishery Communities......Page 259
Concluding Remarks......Page 260
References......Page 262
Abstract......Page 265
Introduction......Page 266
Energy Demand......Page 268
Energy Supply......Page 273
Egypt......Page 276
South Africa......Page 280
China......Page 284
Comparison of Countries and Conclusion......Page 288
Conclusions......Page 290
References......Page 291
Index......Page 293
Back Page......Page 302
