Environmental Pollution and Natural Resource Management

Contents
Uptake, Accumulation and Translocation of Heavy Metals in Cauliflower Grown in Integrated Industrial Effluent Irrigated Soil in District Haridwar (Uttarakhand)
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Study Area
2.2 Collection of Samples and Analysis
2.3 Analysis of Heavy Metals
2.4 Estimation of Enrichment Factor, Contamination Factor and Bio-concentration Factor
2.5 Statistical Analysis
3 Results and Discussion
4 Enrichment Factor
5 Bio-concentration Factor
6 Conclusions
References
An Intensive Approach to the Renewable Energy Recovery from Agro Waste—A Review
1 Introduction
1.1 Agricultural Wastes
2 Types of Agriculture Waste
2.1 Crop Residues
2.2 Agro-Industry Wastes
2.3 Livestock Wastes
2.4 Fruit and Vegetable Wastes
2.5 Industrial Waste
3 Management of Agro Waste
3.1 Biofuel
3.2 Biohydrogen from Agriculture Waste
3.3 Bio-oil from Agro-Waste
3.4 Bio-char from Agro-Waste
3.5 Fertilizer Application
3.6 Animal Feed
3.7 Direct Combustion
4 Current Scenario and Future Prospects
5 Conclusion
References
Reviewing Medicinal Plants of Treasure Land: The Indian Himalayan Range
1 Introduction
2 Description of Medicinal Plant
2.1 Rhododendron
2.2 Aconitum
2.3  Bacopa monnieri
2.4 Berberis
2.5 Hedychium
3 Threats and Conservation Practices for Medicinal Plants in Indian Himalayan Region
4 Conservation and Sustainable Development
5 Organizations Involved the Conservation of Medicinal Plants
6 Conclusion
References
Anthropogenic Impact on Fish Faunal Diversity and Their Habitat Ecology in the Ganga River and Its Tributaries, Uttarakhand
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Study Area
2.2 Data Analysis
3 Result and Discussion
3.1 Diversity Status
4 Conclusion
References
Assessment of Land Use Change and Climate Change Impact on Biodiversity and Environment
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Data Collection
2.2 Data Analysis
3 Results
3.1 Ecological Responses
3.2 Climate Change and LULC Interaction Mechanisms
3.3 Effects of Rising CO2 Concentrations Mechanisms
3.4 Anthropogenic Factors with Potential Impact on Biodiversity
4 Discussions
5 Conclusion
References
Assessment of Pollution Load and Its Impact on Aquatic Biodiversity of River Ganga: A Review
1 Introduction
2 Causes of Pollution in Ganga
3 Pollution in the Major Cities from Which River Ganga Flows
3.1 Rishikesh
3.2 Haridwar
3.3 Uttar Pradesh
3.4 Bihar
3.5 West Bengal
4 Impact of Pollution on Aquatic Biodiversity
5 Challenges and Remedial Measures
6 Challenges for Failure of Namani Gange Project
7 Conclusion
References
Non-timber Forest Products: Current Status and Development
1 Introduction
2 Definitions of NTFP
3 Importance of NTFP’s
4 Challenges for NTFP’s Development
5 Current Status and Development of NFTP’s
5.1 Management of NTFP’s
5.2 Contribution in the Economy
5.3 Forest Certification
5.4 Marketing or Trade of NTFP’s
6 Harvesting of NTFP’s
7 Impact of Harvesting on the Biodiversity and the Environment
8 Conclusion
References
Assessment of Water Quality and Biodiversity Status of Alaknanda River at Garhwal, Uttarakhand: A Case Study
1 Introduction
2 Study Area
3 Result and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Efficient Management of Rice Straw Using Vermicomposting Technology: A Synergetic Approach of Agricultural Waste Management
1 Introduction
2 Objectives of Chapter
3 Techniques Used to Decompose Rice Straw
3.1 Physical Decomposition
3.2 Chemical Digestion
3.3 Biological Decomposition
4 Earthworm
5 Types of Earthworms Used in Vermicomposting
5.1 Selection of Site
5.2 Process of Vermicomposting
5.3 Benefits of Vermicomposting of Organic Wastes
6 Discussion
7 Current Trend and Future of Vermicomposting
8 Conclusion
References
Effect of Ultraviolet (UV)-B Radiation on Morphology and Photosynthetic Activity of Spirogyra sp.
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Identification and Culturing of Spirogyra sp.
2.2 Experiment Set up for Laboratory Experiment
2.3 Determination of Total Amount of Chlorophyll and Carotene Pigments
3 Result and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
An Overview of Recent Advancements in the Irrigation, Fertilization, and Technological Revolutions of Agriculture
1 Introduction
2 Developments in Varied Processes of the Farming System
2.1 Hydroponics
2.2 Aeroponics
3 Bioremediation
3.1 Mycoremediation
3.2 Phytoremediation
3.3 Vermiremediation
4 Bio-sorption
5 Organic Farming
6 Biochar
7 Nanotechnology in Agriculture
8 Vertical Farming
9 Modern Technological and Mechanical Inventions in the Field of Agriculture
9.1 Autopilot Tractors
9.2 Crop Sensors
9.3 Biotechnology
9.4 Documentation of Fields via GPS
9.5 Smartphones for Monitoring and Controlling the Irrigation System of Crops
9.6 Use of Mobile and Camera Technology
9.7 Livestock Ultrasounds
9.8 Robotics
10 Conclusion
References
Dynamics of Soil Cationic Micronutrients in Different Land Use Systems in Lower Shiwalik Region of Uttarakhand, India
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Method
2.1 Description of Study Area
2.2 Topography
2.3 Soil Classification
2.4 Atmospheric Temperature
2.5 Agriculture
2.6 Collection of Soil Sample
2.7 Soil Analysis
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil
4 Discussion
4.1 Micronutrients Status in Soil of Different Land Use Patterns
5 Conclusion
References
Monitoring of Channel Morphology of Ganga River Using Remote Sensing and GIS Data
1 Introduction
2 Geological Characteristics of the River System
2.1 Substrate Structure and River Channelization
2.2 Description of the Study Area
3 Data and Methodology
3.1 Data Sources Used for Preparation of LULC Maps
3.2 Methodology Adopted for Preparation of the LULC Maps
3.3 Methodology Applied for the Channel Pattern
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 LULC Classification to Detect the Changes in River Morphology in the Catchment Area of Ganga River
4.2 Detection of Changes in Channel Morphology
5 Conclusion
References
Identification of Aspect Impact of Construction Site: A Case Study
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Study Area
2.2 Steps for the Identification of Aspects—Impacts
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Operation of Plant and Machinery
3.2 Running of Project Site Office and Facilities
3.3 Piling and Excavation Work (Including Yamuna Bridge)
3.4 Casting Yard Work
3.5 NRD
3.6 Site Storage
3.7 FORM Work and Finished of Concrete
3.8 First Aid Activity
4 Conclusion
References
Inventory of Glaciers in the Himalayan Region: A Study Through Field Survey and Sentinel 2B Based Imagery Analysis
1 Introduction
2 Study Area
3 Data and Methodology
4 Results
4.1 Kafini Glacier
4.2 Pindari Glacier
4.3 Sundardhung Glacier
4.4 Baljuri Base Camp Glacier
4.5 Other Unnamed Glacier
5 Discussion
References
Spatio-Temporal Change Detection Using Remote Sensing Application—A Case Study of District Bageshwar, Uttarakhand, India
1 Introduction
2 Study Area
3 Methodology
3.1 LULC Classification
3.2 Image Classification
3.3 Magnitude Assessment of Change
4 Results
4.1 Land Use/Cover Status
5 Discussion
5.1 Overall Changes on LULC Pattern
5.2 Pattern of LULC Over the Time Period of 1976–1999
5.3 Pattern of LULC Over the Time Period of 1999–2016
6 Conclusion
References
A Review of Municipal Solid Waste: Its Generation, Composition, Impacts, Management and Challenges in Urban Areas with Special Focus on India
1 Introduction
2 Review of Literature
3 MSW Generation and Composition: A Global Scenario
4 Waste Generation in India
5 Impact of Municipal Solid Waste Generated
5.1 Pollutant Emission to the Environment
5.2 Climate Change and Rise in Average Temperature
5.3 Adverse Effect on Public Health
5.4 Adverse Effect on Ecological Health
6 Management of Municipal Solid Waste
6.1 Segregation of MSW
6.2 Collection and Transportation of MSW
6.3 Recycling of MSW
6.4 Treatment and Disposal of MSW
6.5 Landfilling
6.6 Incineration
6.7 Biological Treatment
6.8 Aerobic Composting
6.9 Anaerobic Composting
7 Challenges Faced in MSW Management
8 Conclusion and Recommendation
References
Environmental Impact of Emerging Electro World with Special Focus on Electrical-Vehicles and Its Impact on Global Environment
1 Introduction
1.1 Effect on Environment
1.2 Electricity Production in India
2 Cost Analysis
2.1 Cost Spend on Life of Car
2.2 What Will Happen at the End of Life?
3 Working
4 Types of Electric Vehicle
5 Types of Batteries Used in Electrical Vehicles
5.1 Lithium Ion
5.2 Nickel–Metal Hydride
5.3 Lead Acid Battery
6 Safety Issues in Battery
6.1 Over Charging
6.2 Over Discharge
6.3 Thermal Runaway
6.4 Gas Evalaution
7 Life Span of Battery
7.1 Temperature
7.2 Charge and Discharge Rate
7.3 Ways by Which We can Increase the Life Span of Battery
8 Impact on Human
8.1 Cobalt
8.2 Lithium
8.3 Lead
9 Conclusion
References
Flash Flood in Himalayan Region of Uttrakhand (A Case Study of Kedarnath Flood 2013 and Rishi Ganga Flash Flood, Reini Village 2021)
1 Introduction
2 Rishi Ganga Valley Flash Flood
3 Hydraulic and Hydrological Simulation
4 Geological Structure
5 Geomorphology Structure
6 Analysis of Weakness to Environmental Risks in Kedarnath Valley
7 Sequence of Happened Event in the Area of Mandakini River
8 Optical Remote Sensing of the Floods
9 Microwave Remote Sensing
10 Role of Geographical Information System in Disaster Management
11 Impact of the Disaster
12 Methodology
13 Technique
14 Data Management
15 Warning
16 Relief and Rescue
17 Governance
18 Conclusion
References
Disposal of Non-biodegradable Waste Using Eco-Friendly Methods
1 Introduction
1.1 Plastic Waste Production in the World
1.2 Plastic Waste in India
2 Impact of Non-biodegradable Waste
2.1 Impact of Non-biodegradable Waste Environment
2.2 Impact of Non-biodegradable Wastes in Drainage Systems
2.3 Impact of Non-biodegradable Waste on Human Being
2.4 Impact of Plastics on Ocean
3 Basic Plastic Waste Management Techniques
3.1 Segregation
3.2 Collection
3.3 Reuse/Recycle
3.4 Transportation
4 Recycling and Reuse
4.1 Recycling
4.2 Chemical Recycling
4.3 Reuse
5 Pyrolysis Methods
5.1 Incineration or Combustion Method
5.2 Thermal Cracking
6 Biodegradable Alternatives over Conventional Plastics
7 Reuse of Non-biodegradable Waste into
7.1 Using Non-biodegradable Waste for Making Road
7.2 Non-biodegradable Wastes to Fuel
7.3 Using Non-biodegradable Waste to Make Bricks
7.4 Tire Waste as Fuel
8 Waste Recovery Methods Around the World Which Can Be Implemented in India
8.1 Germany
8.2 Columbia
8.3 Sweden
9 Biodegradable Plastics
9.1 Polyhydroxybutyrate
10 Conclusion
References
UAS and Sustainable Development
1 Introduction
2 Study of Drone Surveying Method
2.1 Background of UAS
2.2 Drone Surveying Method
2.3 Drones in Agriculture
2.4 Drones in Land Surveying
2.5 Drones in Mining Industry
2.6 Drones in Smart Cities
3 Major Applications of Drone
3.1 Application of UAS in Forest Firing
3.2 Application of UAS in Military
3.3 Application of UAS in Unmanned Undersea Vehicle (UUV)
4 Conclusion and Future Prospects
References
Impact of Discharge of Wastewater and Used Oil from Motor Service Stations on Groundwater Quality of Dehradun City of Outer Himalaya Region
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Implementation of an Integrated Management System in Automobile Industry
1 Introduction
2 Levels of Integration
2.1 Level 1: Awareness Training
2.2 Level 2: Policy and Objectives
2.3 Level 3: Internal Gap Analysis
2.4 Level 4: Documentation/Process Design
2.5 Level 5: Documentation/Process Implementation
2.6 Level 6: Internal Audit
2.7 Level 7: Organize a Management System Review Meeting
2.8 Level 8: Thorough Gap Analysis of Implementation System
2.9 Level 9: Corrective Actions
3 Challenges to Integrate
4 Benefits of an Integration
5 Conclusion
References
Development of Accident Prediction Model for Low Frequency and High Severity (LFHS) Industrial Accidents
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Taxonomy
2.2 Literature Survey
2.3 Rationale of Model Selection
3 Results
3.1 Development of Accident Prediction Model
4 Discussion
4.1 Exposure to or Contact with Electric Current
4.2 Fall of Persons from Height
4.3 Stepping on, Striking Against or Struck by Object
5 Conclusion
6 Future Research Directions
References