Environmental Compliance Guide for Facility Managers and Engineers

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A practical guide for facility engineers and managers to understand the impact of environmental regulations when applied to operating equipment in any industry or facility. It lays out a clear road map on how to learn the essential steps and how to use the proper tools. Based on the author’s 39-year experience, this concise material discusses real-life applications and case studies adopted and implemented successfully in many NYC facilities and appropriate for large cities. It will help facility engineers comply with various rules and regulations of the jurisdictions of EPA, state, city, and local agencies and properly itemize reporting requirements.


Features include:


• Guides facility engineers and managers with a clear and logical exposition of topics, developments, and valuable regulatory frameworks for appropriate preparation and compliance


• Provides detailed explanations of procedures for emission reduction and improved efficiency and productivity


• Emphasizes the importance of continuing education in compliance to prevent high penalties for facilities


• Includes real-life applications and case studies on reducing energy baseline and current operating methods, providing formulas and calculations


• Addresses regulatory knowledge for operating systems in cities with a dense population in the US and countries with similar regulatory frameworks


This book will benefit professionals, engineers, facility and project managers, building and grounds supervisors, code compliance managers, and heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC) systems contractors and installers in hospitals, universities, schools, and other facilities.

Author(s): Rengasamy Kasinathan
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2022

Language: English
Pages: 393
City: Boca Raton

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Foreword
Preface
About the Author
Chapter 1 Environmental Regulations and Jurisdictions
Introduction
Environmental Impacts of Pollution
Human Health Impacts of Pollution
Air Pollution
Air Pollutants of Human Health Concern
Water Pollution
Water Contamination Sources
Contaminated Soil
Soil Pollutants of Human Health Concern
Lack of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene
Economic Impacts of Pollution
Environmental Awareness and the Need for Regulations
Major Disasters
Dust Bowl of 1935
Great Smog of London 1952
Bhopal Disaster
BP Oil Spill
History of Environmental Regulations in the U.S.
Innovation and Pollution Control Technology
Conclusion
Chapter 1 Review Questions
Bibliography
Chapter 2 Agencies and Their Regulations as Applicable to Facilities
Introduction
Federal Regulatory Agencies
State Regulatory Agencies
Local Regulatory Agencies
Air
Federal
State
Local
Water
Federal
State
Local
Waste
Federal
State
Local
Asbestos
Federal
State
Local
Lead
Federal
State
Local
Oil
Federal
State
Energy Assessments and Reduction Strategies
Conclusion
Chapter 2 Review Questions
Bibliography
Chapter 3 Facilities and Operating Sources
Introduction
Boilers
Boiler Principle and Design
Capacity
Efficiency
Boilers in a Facility Setting
Required Building Code Compliance in New York City
Pollution Control Regulations for Boilers in New York City
Emergency Backup Power and On-Site Generators
Capacity
Emergency Generators and Code Compliance
Pollution Control Regulations for Emergency Generators
Air Handling Units
Capacity
Efficiency
Air Handling Units and Code Compliance
Air Pollution and AHUs
Cooling Towers
Benefits
Cooling Tower Regulations
Chillers
Capacity
Chillers and Code Compliance
Air Pollution Control and Chillers
Combined Heat and Power
Backflow Prevention Devices
Compliance Requirements
Additional Compliance Items
Façade Inspections
Elevator Regulations
Place of Assembly Permits
Conclusion
Chapter 3 Review Questions
Bibliography
Chapter 4 Permitting, Estimations of Pollutions, Testing, Monitoring, Recordkeeping, and Reporting
Introduction
Air Permitting
Identifying Emissions Sources
Preparing Facility-wide Emissions Inventory
Permit Applications Based on the NOx and HAPs Emissions
Review of Permit Limits and Compliance Determination
Maintenance and Recordkeeping
Water Discharge Permitting
Identify Pollution Sources and Applicable Permits
Apply for an SPDES Permit
Application Review
Compliance with Permit Conditions
Enforcement of Permit Conditions
Permit Renewals and Modification
Waste Storage and Disposal Permitting
Determining Permit Requirement
Pre-application Meeting
Permit Application
Permit Review
Compliance with Permit Conditions
Permit Renewals and Modifications
NYSDEC Hazardous Waste Annual Report
Waste Transport
Applying for a Permit
Permit Compliance
Permit Renewals and Modifications
Building and Construction
Planning the Permitting Process
Filing an NYCDOB Application
NYCDOB Application Review
Pulling Permits
Special Inspections
Sign Off and Letter of Completion
Conclusion
Chapter 4 Review Questions
Bibliography
Chapter 5 Streamlining of Regulatory Burdens
Introduction
Streamlining the Permitting Process
Air Quality Dispersion Modeling Example
De-Permitting
Negotiating Terms of a Permit
Mutual Satisfaction
Begin by Identifying Issues and Solutions
Presenting Realistic Criteria
Get Clarification from the Agency
Post-permit Activities
Benefits of Streamlining and De-Permitting
Saving Costs
Saving Time
Saving Resources
Stay in Continued Compliance
Conclusion
Chapter 5 Review Questions
Bibliography
Chapter 6 Roles and Responsibilities of the Facility-Operating Personnel
Introduction
Directors
Director of Facilities Engineering
Director of Support Services
Director of Project Management
Facilities Personnel
Site Supervisors
Technical Professionals
Specialized Professionals
Other Important Personnel
Administrative Services
Fundraising and Finances
Energy Managers
Compliance Coordinators
Environmental Health and Safety
Fire Safety
Important Considerations for Facilities Departments
Emergency Planning
Accident Prevention
Preventive Management and Maintenance of All Sources (PM)
Reporting and Monitoring
Troubleshooting
Fundraising and Budgeting
Agency Inspections
Increased Safety due to COVID-19
Conflicts of Duties
Facilities Communication Systems
Work Orders
Personnel Management
Working with Agency Personnel
Presentation to Upper Management
Community Safety and Involvement
Training and Certifications
Conclusion
Chapter 6 Review Questions
Bibliography
Chapter 7 Environmental Audits and Mitigation
Introduction
Environmental Audits and Facilities
Protocol and Methodologies
Pre-audit
Audit
Post-audit
Specific Considerations
Air Program Audit Areas
Water Program Audit Areas
Petroleum Storage Tanks
Hazardous Waste and Community Right-to-Know Program
Asbestos Program
LBP Program
Typical Audit Findings
Voluntary Reporting
Mitigation Measures
Penalties and Incentives
USEPA
State Audits
Other Benefits
Potential Drawbacks
Recordkeeping
Audits through Software
Conclusion
Chapter 7 Review Questions
Bibliography
Chapter 8 Enforcement and Economic Incentives
Introduction
Regulation Types
Enforcement Types
Enforcement Results
Settlements
Civil Penalties
Injunctive Relief
Supplemental Environmental Projects and Mitigation
Criminal Penalties
Incarceration
Economic Incentives
Marketable Permit Systems
Emissions Taxes, Fees, and Charges
Subsidies for Pollution Control
Tax-Subsidy Combinations
Hybrid Regulatory Approaches
Combined Standards and Pricing Approaches
Liability Rules
Information Disclosure
Voluntary Initiatives
Enforcement Guidelines
Applicability
Penalty Offsets and Alternate Mitigation Methods
Expedited Settlement Agreements
Audits
Supplemental Environmental Projects
Conclusion
Chapter 8 Review Questions
Bibliography
Chapter 9 Compliance Management Systems
Introduction
Compliance Tracking Software
Overview
What to Look for in Compliance Software
Implementing Compliance Tracking Software
Phase 1: Start-Up
Phase 2: Compliance Assessment and Assistance for Corrective Actions
Phase 3: Annual Online Maintenance Service
Continuous Use by the Facility
Environment, Health, and Safety
How EHS Systems Work
EH&S Software
Why Is Environmental Health and Safety Important in the Workplace?
Internet of Things
EMS Software and IoT
Summary of IoT Devices and Functions
Advantages of Regulatory Compliance with IoT
Challenges of Regulatory Compliance with IoT
Conclusion
Chapter 9 Review Questions
Bibliography
Chapter 10 International Pollution Prevention Pacts, Treaties, and Accountabilities
Introduction
International Environmental Issues
International Environmental Agreements
How IEAs Work
Significant IEAs through History
Impacts of IEAs
Challenges of International Agreements
Meeting Environmental Agreement Standards
Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT)
Top-Down Analysis
Maximum Achievable Control Technology
Lowest Achievable Emission Rate
Accountability
Conclusion
Chapter 10 Review Questions
Bibliography
Chapter 11 Case Studies for Compliance in Facilities
Introduction
Case Study 1: Violation of USEPA Emissions Requirements and Consequences
Case Overview
Lessons Learned
Case Study 2: Upgrading a Facility’s HVAC System
Case Overview
Lessons Learned
Case Study 3: Oil Spill at a Facility and Remediation
Case Overview
Lessons Learned
Case Study 4: Fire Door Failures
Case Overview
Lessons Learned
Case Study 5: Legionella Outbreak and Remediation
Case Overview
Lessons Learned
Case Study 6: Water Contamination in a Hospital Setting
Lessons Learned
Case Study 7: Regulated Medical Waste Noncompliance
Case Overview
Lessons Learned
Case Study 8: Modifying Public School HVAC System to Meet COVID-19 Requirements
Case Overview
Lessons Learned
Case Study 9: Compliance Management Software in Action
Case Overview
Lessons Learned
Case Study 10: Compliance Management Training
Case Overview
Lessons Learned
Case Study 11: Lack of Engineering Ethics and Lessons Learned
Case Overview
Lessons Learned
Conclusion
Chapter 11 Review Questions
Bibliography
Chapter 12 Ethics for Engineers
Introduction
Morals
Ethics
Engineering Ethics
Utilitarianism
Approaching Ethical Problems
Ethical Reasoning Skills
NSPE Code of Ethics
Cases in Engineering Ethics
Disclosing Public Health Concerns
Falsely Claiming Credit
Notification of Structural Instability
Public Safety Concern
Conflict of Interest
Objectivity and Truthfulness
Conclusion
Chapter 12 Review Questions
Bibliography
Appendix A: Compliance Audit Checklists
Appendix B: EESCTS Software Copyright
Appendix C: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation – Petroleum Bulk Storage (PBS) Inspection Form (https://www.dec.ny.gov/docs/remediation_hudson_pdf/pbsinspfrm.pdf)
Appendix D: Typical Facility Safety Audit Checklist
Appendix E: Typical Findings Report from an EPA Self Audit
Index