Enterprise Architecture (EA) is an essential part of the fabric of a business; however, EA also transcends and transforms technology and moves it into the business space. Therefore, EA needs to be discussed in an integrated, holistic, and comprehensive manner. Only such an integrated approach to EA can provide the foundation for a transformation that readies the business for the myriad enterprise-wide challenges it will face. Highly disruptive technologies such as Big Data, Machine Learning, and Mobile and Cloud Computing require a fine balance between their business and technical aspects as an organization moves forward with its digital transformation. This book focuses on preparing all organizations – large and small – and those wishing to move into them for the impact of leveraging these emerging, disruptive, and innovative technologies within the EA framework.
Author(s): Tushar K. Hazra, Bhuvan Unhelkar
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2020
Language: English
Pages: 312
City: Boca Raton
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
Authors
Part A Setting the Context for Digital Business
Chapter 1 Digital Business, Enterprise Architecture, and the Transformation Imperative
What is Digital Business?
Digitization Landscape and Opportunities
Contemporary Digital Technologies and their Impact on Digital Transformation
Evolution of Architectures in Organizations
Digital Transformation Imperative
Challenges and Risks in Digital Transformation
Architecture and Business Organizations
Big Data and Artificial Intelligence
Data Friction
Enterprise Architecture in Digital Transformation
Architecting for Business Transformation
EA as a Transformational Framework
Internet of Things, Internet of Everything, and Digital Business
Enterprise Architecture and Business Architecture
BA as a Business Function
BA Drives Agility in Business
Emerging BA Standards That Support Common Business Goals
Discussion Topics
Notes
Chapter 2 Enterprise Architecture and Services Orientation in Digital Transformation
Enterprise Architecture as a Transformational Framework
Enterprise Architecture in Digital Transformation
Enterprise Architecture Elements and Digital Transformation
Capturing the Technology Baseline
Exploring the Constraints and Risks Up Front
Influencing Business Objectives
Automating Broken or Disparate Business Processes
Embracing Emerging Technologies
Capitalizing on the Operating Model of the Business
TOGAF and Zachman EA Framework
Enterprise Architecture’s Technology Stack
Layers of the Enterprise Technology Stack
Layer 1: Communications (Networks and Infrastructure)
Layer 2: Data Storage (SQL and NoSQL)
Layer 3: Analytics and Services (Machine Learning)
Layer 4: Business Processes and Applications
Layer 5: Presentations and Visualization (User Interfaces) and IoT Devices
Security Architecture (All Layers)
Services Oriented Architecture
“Service” in SOA
Services Landscape
Shared Services
Operational Services
Customer Service
Knowledge Worker Services
Synchronization of Services
Service-Orientation and Business
Business-Driven SOA
Agility in Digital Business
Change Management in Digital Transformation
Discussion Topics
Notes
Chapter 3 Strategic Planning for Digital Business
Planning for a Data-Driven Digital Business
Digital Business Strategies
Inputs to Strategic Planning for Digital Business
Strategy for Digital Transformation – Focus on Customer Experience
Objectivity in Developing Digital Strategies
Elements of Digital Business Strategies
Strategies Relate Projects to Capabilities to Goals
Business Capabilities
Business Strategies and Enterprise Architecture
Architectures and Digital Strategies
Enterprise Architecture
Data Architecture
Business Process Architecture
Sources and Digital Strategies
Knowledge Customer
Knowledge Worker Services
Big Data
Sensors (IoT)
Analytics
Machine Learning
Social Media
Mobile Application
Making Digital Strategy Work
Digital Business Strategy and Planning
Enterprise Architecture Resources and Constraints
Capabilities and Services
Project Implementation
Discussion Topics
Notes
Chapter 4 Collaborative Digital Business
A Digital Business is a Collaborative Business
Physical Collaboration
Electronic Collaboration
Mobile Collaboration
Complexities of Collaborative Digital Business
Business Processes
Enterprise IT Governance
Collaborative Technologies
Communication Networks
Evolving Technology Trends and EA
Collaborative EA
Key Elements of a Collaborative EA
Strategies for Collaborative EA
Challenges and Issues with Collaborative EA
Deploying a Collaborative EA
Portals and Collaborative EA
Practical Steps and Models for Collaborative EAs with MDA
Charting a Road Map for Collaborative EA Deployment
Observations from the Trenches
Managing User Expectations
Formulating Effective Use of Federated Portals
Achieving Consensus on Web Services Standards
Incorporating Value Propositions from Grid Computing Concepts
Discussion Topics
Notes
Part B The Digital Enterprise Architecture Life Cycle
Chapter 5 Cloud Capabilities in Digital Transformation
Cloud and the Enterprise Architecture
Cloud Characteristics for Digital Business
Four Phases of Cloud Adoption through Enablement and their Corresponding Business Value
Cloud Assessment
Cloud Transition
Cloud Deployment
Cloud Enablement
Three Synergistic Areas of EA and Cloud
EA Governance and the Cloud
EA Measurement and Maturity for the Cloud
From Strategy Formulation to Solution Deployment
Embedding Analytics in Cloud-Based Digital Processes
Lessons Learned in Practice
Challenges in Using Cloud-Based Architecture
Scalability
User Interfaces
Shifting Enterprise Computing to the Cloud
Open Source Development
Control and Ownership
Privacy and Confidentiality
Discussion Topics
Notes
Chapter 6 Business Process Digitization and Customer Value
Business Processes and Digital Transformation
Business Process Reengineering (BPR)
Business Process Automation (BPA)
Business Process Analysis (BPAn)
Business Process Integration (BPI)
Business Process Improvement (BPIm)
Business Performance Management (BPrM)
Business Process Management (BPM)
Business Process Outsourcing (BPO)
Business Process Optimization (BPOp)
BPIm Scenarios
Business Process Digitization
Holistic Approach to Business Process Transformation
The Principles of Digitizing Business Processes
Maintaining Transformation
Monitoring Progress
Evaluating Industry Trends
Capability Assessment and Development
Organizational Change
Governance and Management
Competition
Preparing for Process Transformation
Sharing the Experiences of BPX
Commercial Vendors and Tools
Discussion Topics
Notes
Chapter 7 Digital Transformation and Business Agility
Agility in Digital Business
Agile as a Business Value
Advantages of Agility and Big Data for a Digital Business
Envisioning an Agile Organization
Functioning Agile Business with Embedded Big Data Analytics
Holistic, Fine Granular, and Sensitive Business
Big Data Enables Agility in Business Dimensions
External Influencing Factors
Customer Relationships
Business Partners
Government Regulatory Factors & Sustainability
Socio-Cultural Environment
Internal Factors and Responses
Business Structure
Business Innovation
Business Compliance
Technology Management
People Management
Product Management
CAMS: Balancing Agility with Formality in Big Data Adoption
Agile Principles in Practice
Collaborations and Intelligence as Functioning Agile
Reaching Collaborative Intelligence in Agile Business
Collaborative Data and Agility
Collaborative Information and Agility
Collaborative Process and Agility
Collaborative Knowledge and Agility
Collaborative Intelligence and Agility
Reaching Collaborative Business Processes
Broadcasting Business Processes
Informative Business Processes
Transactive Business Processes
Operative Business Processes
Collaborative Business Processes
Ongoing Knowledge Synchronization in a Learning Agile Organization
Holistic Customer – The Ultimate Goal of Business Agility
Discussion Topics
Acknowledgement
Notes
Part C Leveraging the Value of Digital Enterprise Architecture
Chapter 8 EA as a Practice in Digital Transformation
Why Consider EA as a Practice in Digital Business?
The Realities of EA Practice
Seven Principles of Running EA as a Practice
The Life Cycle of a Consistent EA Practice
Four Focus Areas
Actions by EA Practice in Digital Transformation
Managing EA as a Practice
System Integration Life Cycle Road Map
Major Challenges in EA as a Practice
EA Practice Maturity
Five Simplified Levels of EA Practice Maturity
Empowering the Practice – Seven Essential Steps
Discussion Topics
Notes
Chapter 9 Measuring EA in Digital Transformation: Metrics, KPIs, and Risks
Establishing Enterprise Architecture Metrics
Making a Case for EA Metrics in Digital Transformation
Identifying EA Metrics Parameters
Relevance of EA Metrics to Digital Transformation
Getting the EA Metrics Right
What Should EA Metrics Have?
Formulating EA Metrics
Model for Establishing EA Metrics
Circumstances Surrounding EA Metrics Formulation
Active Matrix Monitoring Model
Governance of EA Metrics
Who – The EA Team
What – Quantitative and Qualitative Measures
When – To Perform Governance Activities
How – To Capture the Metrics
Challenges in Applying EA Metrics in Practice
Establishing the “Right” EA Metrics
Discussion Topics
Notes
Chapter 10 EA Governance in Digital Transformation
EA Governance and DT
The Business Situation
Advantages of Governance, Risk Management, and Compliance in EA and DT
Key Factors in EA and Governance
Organizational Structure
Charter for EA Governance
Roles and Responsibilities
Principles, Guidelines, and Standards for EA Governance
EA Framework and Governance Function
Navigation Elements
Navigation Element Definitions
Business Elements
IT Elements
The Navigation Repository
Pragmatic EA Governance Structure
Architecture Review and Governance Boards
Discussion Topics
Notes
Chapter 11 Business Architecture Practice: Case Study in Healthcare Domain
Business Architecture
The Value Proposition
The BA Practice
Challenges, Issues, and Concerns
Establishing the BAP: Stage by Stage
Stage 1: Building the Practice
Stage 2: Enabling the Practice
Stage 3: Managing the Practice
Stage 4: Realizing the Practice
Realities of the BAP: From the Trenches
Practical Observations and Lessons Learned
Actions Taken
BEST Practices in BAP
Governance, Risk Management, and Compliance
General Comments and Recommendations
Future Prospects of the BAP
Notes
Appendix A: Use Cases in EA and Digital Business
Index
