Enhancing Disaster Preparedness: From Humanitarian Architecture to Community Resilience

Front-Matter_2021_Enhancing-Disaster-Preparedness
Enhancing Disaster Preparedness: FROM HUMANITARIAN ARCHITECTURE TO COMMUNITY RESILIENCE
Copyright_2021_Enhancing-Disaster-Preparedness
Copyright
Contributors_2021_Enhancing-Disaster-Preparedness
Contributors
Foreword_2021_Enhancing-Disaster-Preparedness
Foreword
Reference
Introduction_2021_Enhancing-Disaster-Preparedness
Introduction
References
Chapter-1---A-humanitarian-shelter-terminology_2021_Enhancing-Disaster-Prepa
1. A humanitarian shelter terminology framework
1. Introduction
2. Literature review
2.1 A long-standing problem
2.2 Terms describing phases of a shelter process
3. Research methods and materials
4. The shelter terminology framework
4.1 Immediate shelter
4.2 Intermediate shelter
4.3 Permanent shelter
4.4 Preemptive shelter
4.5 Nonspecific shelter terms
4.6 Shelter items
4.7 Alternative strategies
4.8 Multiphase shelter
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
References
Chapter-2---Techo-s-emergency-housing-response-to-hurr_2021_Enhancing-Disast
2. Techo's emergency-housing response to hurricanes in Puerto Rico: Lessons from the field
1. Introduction
2. Post-disaster challenges in Puerto Rico
2.1 The 2017 hurricanes' aftermath and recovery challenges
2.2 Challenges facing the housing stock
2.3 Emergency-housing efforts
3. Method
4. Techo's transitional-shelter strategy
4.1 Organizational setting
4.2 Adaptation of the shelter module
4.3 Optimization of the construction process
5. Lessons learned
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter-3---The-story-of-the-disaster-relief-ho_2021_Enhancing-Disaster-Prep
3. The story of the disaster-relief houses in Iceland
1. Introduction
2. Home, housing, and shelter in disaster recovery
3. The Disaster Relief Fund's houses in Iceland
4. Research method
5. Results
5.1 The importance of multidisciplinary cooperation
5.2 Adaptation to local conditions and inhabitants' needs
5.3 Inhabitants' acceptance and satisfaction
6. Conclusions
References
Chapter-4---The-influence-of-technical-assistance-on-th_2021_Enhancing-Disas
4. The influence of technical assistance on the adoption of safer construction practices in Nepal
1. Introduction
2. Construction-knowledge networks following disasters
3. Earthquake-resistant construction practices in Nepal
3.1 Impact of the earthquake
3.2 Reconstruction program
3.3 Support tools
3.4 Variety of reconstruction support across districts
4. Research methods
5. Research results
5.1 Understanding of hazard-resistant construction knowledge
5.2 Acquisition of hazard-resistant construction knowledge
5.3 Identification and appreciation of key stakeholders
5.4 Knowledge sharing by key stakeholders
5.5 Self-perceived influence of key stakeholders
5.6 Self-perceived pathways to enlarge the role of key stakeholders
6. Discussion
7. Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter-5---Participatory-design-for-refugee-shelters_2021_Enhancing-Disaste
5. Participatory design for refugee shelters: An experiment in Syrian camps in Jordan
1. Background
1.1 Zaatari camp
1.2 Azraq camp
2. Participatory design
3. Methodology
4. PD experiments at Zaatari and Azraq camps
4.1 Shelter mockups at Zaatari camp
4.1.1 Zaatari camp: session 1
4.1.2 Zaatari camp: session 2
4.2 Shelter mockups at Azraq camp
4.2.1 Azraq camp: session 1
4.2.2 Azraq camp: session 2
5. Discussion
6. Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter-6---Lessons-for-humanitarian-architecture-from-de_2021_Enhancing-Dis
6. Lessons for humanitarian architecture from design contests: The case of the Building 4Humanity Design Competition
1. Introduction
2. Mainstays of humanitarian architecture and the role played by architectural education
3. Some regular design competitions tackling risk and resilience
3.1 i-Rec's experience (2010–2019)
3.2 DRIA's experience (2015–2019)
4. The Building 4Humanity Design Competition
4.1 Winning entries of the first edition of the B4H-DC (2018)
4.2 Winning entries of the second edition of the B4H-DC (2019)
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
References
Chapter-7---Architects--multifaceted-roles-in-enhan_2021_Enhancing-Disaster-
7. Architects' multifaceted roles in enhancing resilience after disasters
1. Introduction
2. Conceptualizing the multifaceted community-architecture practice
2.1 Community architecture
2.2 Architecture for resilience building
2.2.1 Architecture for resilience building at the community level
2.2.2 Architecture for resilience building at the housing level
2.3 “Mapping out” the resilience potential of the multifaceted community architect
3. The architects' role in post-Merapi eruption reconstruction programs
3.1 Indonesian architects in disaster contexts
3.2 Q-Tel—Huntap Cancangan
3.2.1 Resilience building at the community level
3.2.2 Resilience building at the housing level
3.3 The REKOMPAK program—Huntap Pagerjurang
3.3.1 Resilience building at the community level
3.3.2 Resilience building at the housing level
3.4 Community architects—Kalitengah Kidul
3.4.1 Resilience building at the community level
3.4.2 Resilience building at the housing level
4. Community architecture and resilience building: Potential and limitations
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter-8---Probing-for-resilience--Exploring-design_2021_Enhancing-Disaster
8. Probing for resilience: Exploring design with empathy in Zanzibar, Tanzania
1. Introduction
2. Broadening participation through empathic and creative methods
3. Experimenting with design probing
3.1 Probing for ecologically resilient urban design in Chuini
3.2 Probing for socially resilient housing design in Ng'ambo
4. Discussion: Engaging through inspiration and information
5. Conclusions: Design probing as a method for resilience building
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter-9---Consolidation-design-as-an-adaptation-str_2021_Enhancing-Disaste
9. Consolidation design as an adaptation strategy in the Toi Market, in Nairobi, Kenya
1. Precariousness, uncertainty, and slum consolidation in Nairobi
2. Design as adaptation: Herbert Simon's approach to reading design in slums
3. A mixed case-study strategy: Longitudinal and cross-sectional explorations
4. The Toi Market: A contested space
5. Adaptation strategies through design
5.1 Reducing eviction risk by consolidating the market
5.2 Design at the group level
5.2.1 Design initiatives under risk of eviction and demolition
5.2.2 Design initiatives under environmental risks: The drainage project
5.2.3 Reducing environmental risks to avoid eviction: The Muungano Wa Wanavijiji ablution block
5.3 Design at the stall level
5.3.1 Raising and extension of roofs
5.3.2 Combining stall modules
5.3.3 Increasing internal comfort and beautifying solutions
5.3.4 Creation of verandas
5.3.5 Adaptation to open-air drainage lines
5.3.6 Occupation of public spaces
5.3.7 Construction of second floors
6. Discussion: The role of design in managing vulnerability
7. Conclusions: What future for the Toi Market?
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter-10---Risk-and-urban-design-in-Brazilian-favelas--_2021_Enhancing-Dis
10. Risk and urban design in Brazilian favelas: Linking participation, collective spaces, and territorial management
1. Introduction
2. Risk mitigation and urban design in favelas
3. Some cases of risk mitigation and urban design in favelas
3.1 Examples of risk-mitigation initiatives
3.2 Urban management for preventing risk resurgence
3.3 Participation and risk mitigation
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter-11---Informality-versus-short-term-regularizat_2021_Enhancing-Disast
11. Informality versus short-term regularization of the Syrian refugees' situation in Lebanon
1. The Syrian refugee crisis in Lebanon
2. Methodology
3. The Lebanese policy: Reasons and consequences
3.1 Refugee law in Lebanon
3.2 The settlement policy: Camps or no camps
3.3 Impacts of hosting refugees outside camps
3.4 The 2014 regulations
4. Policy recommendations
4.1 The development strategy led by the Lebanese Government
4.2 Temporary regularization of the Syrian refugees' situation
5. Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter-12---Incremental-housing-in-Villa-Verde--Chil_2021_Enhancing-Disaste
12. Incremental housing in Villa Verde, Chile: A view through the Sendai Framework lens
1. Introduction
2. The “half-house” concept
3. Research design
4. Incremental housing in Villa Verde
4.1 Incremental-housing processes
4.2 Incremental housing in the private and public spheres
4.3 Incremental housing and its drawbacks
5. The Villa Verde settlement examined through the Sendai Framework
5.1 Priority 1: Understanding disaster risk
5.2 Priority 2: Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk
5.3 Priority 3: Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience
5.4 Priority 4: Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response and to “build back better” in recovery, rehabilitation, ...
6. Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter-13---Climate-action-zones--A-clustering-methodo_2021_Enhancing-Disas
13. Climate action zones: A clustering methodology for resilient spatial planning in climate uncertainty
1. Introduction
2. Resilience, adaptation, transformation, and uncertainty
3. Adaptive management and the transformation of traditional land-use planning methods
4. A nonhierarchical clustering approach using k-means/k-prototypes
5. Identification of eight climate action zones
5.1 High-risk zones
5.1.1 Low-lying urban landscape (Cluster 1)
5.1.2 Uninsured inland areas (Cluster 2)
5.1.3 Coastal wetlands (Cluster 3)
5.2 Low-risk zones
5.2.1 Underdeveloped ridge land (Cluster 4)
5.2.2 Low-vulnerability urban landscape/future densification (Cluster 5)
5.3 Zones of uncertainty
5.3.1 Seasonal programming (Cluster 6)
5.3.2 Flood-prone urban areas (Cluster 7)
5.3.3 Future urban vulnerability (Cluster 8)
6. Strategies for resilient design in zones of uncertainty
6.1 Modular connectivity
6.2 Functional diversity
7. Limitations
8. Conclusions and future research
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter-14---The-links-between-vulnerability--poverty--a_2021_Enhancing-Disa
14. The links between vulnerability, poverty, and natural hazards: A focus on the impacts of globalization trends
1. Introduction
1.1 Poverty
1.2 Vulnerability
2. Theoretical model
3. Research method
4. From exclusion and unentitlement to poverty
4.1 Globalization
4.2 Economic exclusion on the basis of social exclusion: The case of Faisalabad
4.3 Migration to urban slums due to globalization pressures: The case of Barasat Town
5. From poverty to natural hazards
5.1 The role of the rapid growth of cities in the creation of poverty and exacerbation of vulnerability to natural hazards: The ...
5.2 Inequality, poverty, and social vulnerability to climate change in coastal Vietnam
6. Discussion and conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Index_2021_Enhancing-Disaster-Preparedness
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