English in the German-Speaking World

Cover
Half-title
Series information
Title page
Copyright information
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Notes on Contributors
Preface
Chapter 1 English in the German-Speaking World: The Nature and Scale of Language Influence
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 English as a Lingua Franca
1.1.2 English in Europe and Beyond: The Relationship to World Englishes
1.1.3 German-English Contacts in History and at Present
1.2 Domains of English
1.2.1 English in education
1.2.2 The Linguistics of English in Germany
1.2.3 English in Advertising and Public Spaces
1.2.4 English-Speaking Communities in Present-Day Germany
1.3 English and German beyond Germany
References
I The Status of English
Chapter 2 English in the German-Speaking World: An Inevitable Presence
2.1 Introduction: From Competing World Languages to 'Inevitable English'
2.2 English and German in the World Language System
2.3 English and German as Academic Languages in the German-Speaking Countries: The Past One Hundred Years
2.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3 English in Germany and the European Context
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Europe within the Three Circles
3.3 The Use of English in European Countries
3.4 Functions of English and English Competence in European Countries
3.5 Comparing Germany and the Netherlands
3.6 Intranational Divides
3.7 Summary
References
Chapter 4 English in the Former German Democratic Republic
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Some Preliminaries
4.3 The Relationship of the GDR and the English Language
4.4 Influence of English on German in the GDR
4.5 Approaching GDR English
4.6 Conclusion
Appendix A corpus files
Appendix B
References
II The Transmission of English
Chapter 5 The History of English Instruction in the German-Speaking World
5.1 Introduction
5.2 The Time before 1700
5.3 From 1700 to 1859
5.4 Consolidation and Reform (1860–1918)
5.5 The Twentieth Century: English as the Dominant Foreign Language
5.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6 English Language (Teacher) Education in Germany after 1945
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Looking Back and/or Starting Afresh? 1949–approx. 1970
6.3 Paradigm Shift and/or Consolidation? 1970–1989
6.3.1 From Crisis to Consolidation
6.3.2 Relation of Theory to Practice, Interdisciplinary Setting
6.4 Main (Thematic) Lines of Development in the 1990s and 2000s
6.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7 Supporting English Medium Instruction at German Institutions of Higher Education
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The Survey
7.2.1 Participation in the Online Survey
7.3 Support for EMI at German HEIs
7.3.1 Current Status of Support for English-Medium Instruction at German Institutes of Higher Education
7.3.2 Desired Support
7.4 Discussion
7.4.1 Desirable Measures
7.5 Summary and Outlook
Appendix: Questionnaire Data
References
III Domains and Features of English
Chapter 8 Anglophone Practices in Berlin: From Historical Evidence to Transnational Communities
8.1 Introduction: Understanding Local Language Conditions to Understand Global Language Spaces
8.2 Communities: Revisiting a Sociolinguistic Concept
8.3 Anglophone Berlin: Historical Traces and Present-Day Manifestations
8.4 Anglophone Communities in Berlin
8.4.1 New African Diaspora
8.4.2 Third Wave Coffee
8.5 Concluding Discussion: Is Berlin in Germany?
References
Chapter 9 English in the German-Speaking World: Immigration and Integration
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Language Ideologies
9.3 Integration into What? National Belonging and the Imagined Community
9.4 Linguistic Phenomena: English and Integration
9.4.1 Bilingual Discourse
9.4.2 Borrowing and Glocalization
9.4.3 English, German and Immigrant Languages in the Linguistic Landscape
9.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10 Processes of Language Contact in English Influence on German
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Previous Research on Contact-Induced Influence of English on German
10.3 A Cognitively Grounded Typology of Language Contact Phenomena
10.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 11 Persistent Features in the English of German Speakers
11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 Code-Switching and Loanwords
11.1.2 Teaching Traditions
11.1.3 The Role of Orthography
11.2 Phonemic inventories of English and German
11.2.1 Phonotactics of English and German
11.3 Phonological Features of German Second-Language English
11.3.1 Consonants
11.3.1.1 Final Devoicing
11.3.1.2 Ambi-dental Fricatives
11.3.1.3 The /v/ ~ /w/ Contrast of English
11.3.1.4 Affricates
Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate /ʤ/
Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate /ʧ/
11.3.1.5 Rhotics
11.3.1.6 Laterals
11.3.2 Vowels: Monophthongs
11.3.2.1 Vowel Substitutions: The TRAP and STRUT Vowels
11.3.2.2 The BATH Vowel
11.3.2.3 The NURSE Vowel
11.3.2.4 HAPPY-Tensing
11.3.2.5 The NORTH–FORCE Distinction
11.3.3 Vowels: Diphthongs
11.3.3.1 The FACE Vowel
11.3.3.2 The GOAT Vowel
11.3.3.3 The PRICE Vowel
11.3.3.4 The MOUTH Vowel
11.3.3.5 Centring Diphthongs
11.4 Stress Patterns in English and German
11.4.1 Initial Stress and Level Stress
11.4.2 Contrastive Stress in English
11.4.3 Stressed Affixes
11.4.4 Vowel Shortening in Polysyllables
11.4.5 Stress Patterns in Neoclassical Compounds
11.5 Conclusion: Is there Such a Thing as German English?
References
Chapter 12 Compiling a Speech Corpus of German English: Rhoticity and the BATH Vowel
12.1 Introduction
12.2 The Paderborn Archive of German Learner English
12.3 Investigating Variation in German English
12.3.1 The Phonological Variables
12.3.1.1 Rhoticity
12.3.1.2 bath/trap
12.4 Methodology
12.4.1 Participants
12.4.2 Statistical Modelling
12.4.3 Data Analysis
12.4.4 Decision Tree Analysis
12.4.4.1 Level 1 (most powerful predictor)
12.4.4.2 Level 2 (second most powerful predictors)
12.4.4.3 Less powerful predictors
12.4.5 Summary of Factor Analysis
12.5 Discussion
12.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 13 A Question of Direction: German Influence on English
13.1 Introduction
13.1.1 The OED Online as a Source of German Borrowings
13.1.2 Types of Loan Influences
13.1.2.1 Borrowing
13.1.2.2 Direct Loan
13.1.2.3 Adaptation
13.1.2.4 Loan Translation
13.2 The Proportions of Fairly Common Twentieth-Century Borrowings from German in the Various Subject Fields
13.3 Stylistic Functions of Recent Borrowings from German
13.3.1 Local Colour
13.3.2 Precision
13.3.3 Tone
13.3.4 Vividness
13.3.5 Variation of Expression
13.4 Summary and Conclusion
References
IV Beyond Germany
Chapter 14 Varieties of English in the Netherlands and Germany
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Previous research
14.3 The Present Study
14.4 Methodological Considerations
14.5 Data and Methods
14.5.1 Questionnaire
14.5.2 Data Collection
14.5.3 Variables
14.5.3.1 Sociodemographic Variables
14.5.3.2 Composite Variables
14.5.4 Statistical Analyses
14.6 Results
14.7 Discussion and Conclusion
Appendix 1 Full Distribution of Demographic Variables
Appendix 2 Complete Output of Regression Model
References
Chapter 15 English in Austria: Policies and Practices
15.1 Introduction
15.2 English in the Public Sphere
15.3 English in Education
15.4 English in the Private Sphere
15.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 16 English in Switzerland
16.1 Introduction: Discourses, Discourse Archives and Discursive Statements
16.2 Pressure to Lower the Starting Age of EFL Instruction in Swiss Schools
16.3 The Hunt for the Elusive Age Factor in Psycho- and Neurolinguistic Studies
16.4 The Myth
16.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 17 English and German in Namibia
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Multilingual Namibia: A Historical and Sociopolitical Overview
17.2.1 Historical Background and Socio-Political Developments
17.2.2 Sociolinguistic Developments and Current Realities
17.2.3 German: The Language of the Former Colonizer
17.2.4 English: The Language of the Liberation Movement, Ethnic Neutrality, and Globalization
17.2.5 Résumé
17.3 English, German, and Afrikaans in Present-Day Namibia
17.3.1 The Data and Informants
17.3.2 Language Use and Attitudes
17.3.3 Conceptions of Linguistic and Cultural Identity
17.4 Discussion
17.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 18 English in German-Speaking Wisconsin and the Aftermath
18.1 Introduction
18.2 The Sociolinguistic Setting: Eastern Wisconsin as a German-Speaking Area and the Role of English
18.3 Lexical and Grammatical Effects of Contact
18.4 Changes in Contact Effects Over Time
18.5 Attitudes and Perceptions
18.5.1 Attitudes of Speakers and Non-speakers
18.5.2 Linguistic Landscape and Heritage
18.5.3 Education
18.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 19 The English 'Infusion' in Pennsylvania German
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Lexical Borrowing in Pennsylvania German
19.2.1 General Remarks
19.2.2 Word Classes and English Borrowings in Pennsylvania German
19.2.3 Frequency of English Borrowings in Pennsylvania German
19.3 Structural Integration of English Loanwords into Pennsylvania German
19.3.1 Phonology
19.3.2 Inflectional and Derivational Morphology
19.3.3 Syntax
19.4 Conclusion
References
Index