Structure of the book......Page 5
Keys to the exercises......Page 6
Cross-referencing with other books in the series......Page 7
Contents......Page 8
1.1 actual, current, topical......Page 14
1.2 actually, currently, nowadays......Page 15
1.3 advisable, convenient, comfortable......Page 16
1.4 all, entire, everything, whole......Page 17
1.6 alone, only, solely......Page 18
1.7 alone, individual, only, single, sole, unique......Page 19
1.8 alternate(ly), alternative(ly)......Page 20
1.10 apparently, seemingly......Page 21
1.11 appropriate, proper, right, suitable......Page 22
1.12 appropriate(ly), convenient(ly), correct(ly), proper(ly), right(ly)......Page 23
1.13 at present, currently, now, nowadays......Page 24
1.14 characteristic, peculiar, typical, unique......Page 25
1.16 coherent(ly), consistent(ly)......Page 26
1.17 coherent(ly), consistent(ly), substantial(ly)......Page 27
1.18 common, diffuse, widespread......Page 28
1.19 comprehensible, understandable......Page 29
1.20 connected, linked, related......Page 30
1.21 contemporary, contemporaneous, simultaneous......Page 31
1.22 continual(ly), continuous(ly)......Page 32
1.23 corresponding, correspondent......Page 33
1.24 deeply, strictly, strongly, tightly, thoroughly......Page 34
1.25 different, several, various......Page 35
1.26 each, every, any......Page 36
1.27 each other, one another, themselves......Page 37
1.28 early, soon......Page 38
1.29 economic, economical, economically, fi nancial......Page 39
1.30 economic, low-cost......Page 40
1.31 enough, quite, suf fi cient(ly)......Page 41
1.33 fewer, less, minor......Page 42
1.34 for, since......Page 43
1.35 greater, main, major......Page 44
1.36 independent(ly), irrespective(ly), regardless(ly)......Page 45
1.38 pointless, useless......Page 46
1.39 relevant, remarkable, significant......Page 47
1.41 subsequent(ly), successive(ly)......Page 48
1.42 adverbs of manner 1......Page 49
1.43 adverbs of manner 2......Page 50
1.44 adverbs of time......Page 51
1.45 adjectives -ing vs -ed......Page 52
1.46 adjectives......Page 53
1.47 adjectives: positive and negative......Page 54
1.48 adjectives with similar meanings......Page 55
2.1 according to, depending on, following, in accordance with, in agreement with, in compliance with,......Page 56
2.2 also, as well as, even, too......Page 57
2.3 also, as well as, either, even, neither / nor, not only, so, too......Page 58
2.4 although, even if, even though, though......Page 59
2.5 apart from, besides, except for, in addition to, with the exception of......Page 60
2.6 as long as, if, provided that, unless......Page 61
2.7 as is, as it is......Page 62
2.8 as, how, like......Page 63
2.9 as a consequence, consequently, hence, it follows that, thus, therefore......Page 64
2.10 at the end, in the end, finally, lastly......Page 65
2.11 because, why......Page 66
2.12 both, either, neither......Page 67
2.13 both, either, neither, if, whether......Page 68
2.14 by now, for the moment, so far......Page 69
2.15 by, thus, when, while......Page 70
2.16 compared to, in relation to, with respect to......Page 71
2.17 despite, despite the fact, however, in any case, in spite of the fact, nevertheless, notwithstanding, still, yet......Page 72
2.18 e.g., i.e.......Page 73
2.19 e.g., for example, i.e., such as, that is to say, etc......Page 74
2.20 eventual(ly), if necessary, in the end......Page 75
2.21 in fact, instead (of), on the other contrary, on the other hand......Page 76
2.22 various link words 1......Page 77
2.23 various link words 2......Page 78
3.1 base, basis......Page 80
3.2 basis, degree, extent, level, region......Page 81
3.3 capacity, competence, skill......Page 82
3.4 chance, opportunity, possibility, probability......Page 83
3.5 consideration, observation, remark......Page 85
3.6 danger, hazard......Page 86
3.7 dimension, size......Page 87
3.8 measure, measurement......Page 88
3.9 motivation, reason......Page 89
3.10 replacement, substitute, substitution......Page 90
3.11 requirement, request, query, demand......Page 91
3.12 standard, degree, grade, level......Page 92
3.13 various nouns......Page 93
4.1 about, for, of......Page 94
4.2 above, over, below, under, underneath......Page 95
4.3 among, between, of......Page 96
4.4 among, between, from, of, with......Page 97
4.5 at, in, into, inside, to......Page 98
4.6 at, to, Ø (no preposition)......Page 99
4.7 at, to, towards......Page 100
4.8 by, from......Page 101
4.9 by, from, in, of, with......Page 103
4.10 during, over, throughout......Page 104
4.11 for, of......Page 105
4.12 in, into......Page 106
4.13 in, on......Page 107
4.14 in, into, on, onto......Page 108
4.15 with, within......Page 109
4.16 various prepositions 1......Page 110
4.17 various prepositions 2......Page 111
4.18 various prepositions 3......Page 112
4.19 various prepositions 4......Page 113
4.20 various prepositions 5......Page 114
5.1 affect, effect, influence, condition, interest......Page 115
5.2 agree with, be in agreement with, match......Page 116
5.3 allow, enable, permit, let, mean......Page 117
5.4 analyze, elaborate, process......Page 118
5.5 anticipate, bring forward, expect, forecast, foresee, predict......Page 119
5.6 argue, claim, pretend......Page 120
5.7 arise, raise, rise, give rise to......Page 121
5.8 ascertain, check, control, verify......Page 122
5.9 assist, take part, participate......Page 123
5.10 assume, hypothesize, suppose......Page 124
5.11 assure, ensure, guarantee, insure......Page 125
5.12 attempt, demonstrate, prove, show, test, try, try out......Page 126
5.13 avoid, prevent......Page 127
5.14 be concerned, cope with, deal with, focus on......Page 128
5.15 be the result of, turn out, result, result in......Page 129
5.16 be born, conceive, derive from, originate......Page 130
5.17 bind, bond, bound......Page 131
5.18 bring, cause, determine, give rise to, lead to......Page 132
5.19 compose, comprise, consist, constitute, form, make up......Page 133
5.20 condition, conduct, drive, guide......Page 134
5.21 decline, decrease, go down, lessen, lower, reduce......Page 135
5.22 decrease, drop, plummet......Page 136
5.23 demand, request, require, query......Page 137
5.24 desire, want, wish......Page 138
5.25 determine, cause, induce, lead to......Page 139
5.26 depict, highlight, show, visualize......Page 140
5.27 detect, discriminate, distinguish, identify......Page 141
5.28 divide, separate, share, split......Page 142
5.29 entail, imply, involve, mean......Page 143
5.30 evidence, highlight, show......Page 144
5.31 exclude, rule out, marginalize......Page 145
5.32 expect, presume, suppose, wait for......Page 146
5.33 experiment, experience, prove, test......Page 147
5.34 lack, miss......Page 148
5.35 propose, recommend, suggest......Page 149
5.37 replace, substitute......Page 150
5.38 result, turn out......Page 151
5.39 review, revise, revisit......Page 152
5.40 subject to, subjected to, undergo......Page 153
5.41 irregular verbs......Page 154
5.42 phrasal verbs 1......Page 155
5.43 phrasal verbs 2......Page 156
5.44 phrasal verbs 3......Page 157
5.45 various verbs 1......Page 158
5.46 various verbs 2......Page 159
5.47 various verbs 3......Page 160
6.1 false friends 1......Page 161
6.2 false friends 2......Page 162
6.3 synonyms 1: reducing redundancy......Page 164
6.4 synonyms: latinate versus anglo saxon 1......Page 165
6.5 synonyms: latinate versus anglo saxon 2......Page 166
6.6 various synonyms......Page 167
7.1 spelling 1......Page 168
7.2 spelling 2......Page 169
8.1 abstracts and introductions 1......Page 170
8.2 abstracts and introductions 2......Page 171
8.3 abstracts and introductions 3......Page 173
8.4 review of the literature 1......Page 174
8.5 review of the literature 2......Page 175
8.6 definitions......Page 176
8.7 materials and methods......Page 177
8.8 methods and results......Page 178
8.9 highlighting drawbacks of previous research......Page 179
8.10 highlighting importance of current research......Page 180
8.11 results and discussion......Page 181
8.12 referring to fi gures and tables......Page 182
8.13 giving examples......Page 183
8.14 acknowledgements......Page 184
9.1 enquiring about possible placement 1......Page 185
9.2 enquiring about possible placement 2......Page 186
9.3 enquiring about possible placement 3......Page 187
9.4 cover letter for summer school application......Page 188
9.5 asking for an informal review of a manuscript......Page 189
9.7 request for favor 1......Page 190
9.8 request for favor 2......Page 191
9.9 request for help with research......Page 192
9.10 chasing a request......Page 193
9.11 apologizing for late reply, commenting on future project......Page 194
9.12 thanking for hospitality......Page 195
9.13 submission of paper......Page 196
9.14 request to editor regarding status of previously submitted manuscript......Page 197
9.15 letter to editor regarding referees’ reports......Page 198
Index......Page 199
