English copular verbs: A contrastive corpus-supported view

Intro
Table of contents
List of Figures
List of tables
Abbreviations
1. Introduction
2. Contrastive research
and parallel corpora
2.1 Contrastive research and corpus linguistics
2.2 Multilingual corpora
3. Corpora used in this study
3.1 InterCorp
3.2 Recognizing (and overcoming) the limitations of a translation corpus
3.3 The English-Czech section of InterCorpand the subcorpora used in this study
4. Copular verbs
4.1 The delimitation of copular verbs
4.1.1 English copular verbs
4.1.2 Copular verbs in grammars of Czech
4.2 The individual copular verbs
4.2.1 Verbs of seeming: seem, appear, prove, turn out
4.2.1.1 Seem
4.2.1.2 Appear
4.2.1.3 Prove and turn out
4.2.2 Sensory verbs
4.2.3 Verbs of ‘remaining’
4.2.4 Resulting copulas
4.3 Conclusion
5. Translation correspondence
5.1 Equivalence and correspondence in translation corpora
5.2 Formal correspondence
5.2.1 One-to-one correspondence
5.2.2 Multi-word correspondence
5.2.3 Zero counterparts
5.3 Divergent vs congruent counterparts
5.4 Translation paradigms
6. The translation paradigm
of copular verbs
6.1 Types of correspondence
I. Overt correspondence
II. Zero correspondence
6.2 Synthetic counterparts
6.3 Analytic counterparts
6.4 Zero counterparts
6.5 An overall view of the translation paradigm
7. The method
7.1 Czech counterparts as markers of meaning
7.2 A bidirectional corpus-supported approach
8. Resulting copular verbs:
become, come, fall, get,
go, grow, and turn
8.1 Step 1: Formal characteristics of resulting copular verbs
8.1.1 The verb
8.1.2 The subject complement
8.1.2.1 The realization form of the Cs
8.1.2.2 The lexical and semantic predictabilityof the subject complement
8.1.2.3 Go and turn
8.1.2.4 Come
8.1.2.5 Become and get
8.1.2.6 The comparative and expression of degree
8.2. Step 2: The counterparts of resulting copular verbs
8.2.1 Inchoative counterparts
8.2.2 Non-prototypical verbal counterparts
8.2.2.1 Causative verbs
8.2.2.2 Phase-verbs
8.2.3. Adverbials of time or degree
8.2.4 Resulting modification lost in translation
8.3 Step 3: The counterparts as a starting point:the means of expressing inchoative mutation in English
8.4 Conclusion
9. Epistemic/sensory-perception
copular verbs: appear, seem, feel,
look, smell, sound, and taste
9.1 Step 1: Formal characteristicsof epistemic/sensory-perception copular verbs
9.1.1 The verb
9.1.2 The subject complement
9.1.2.1 The realization form of the Cs
9.1.2.1.1 Complements realised by an adjective phrase
9.1.2.1.2 Complements realised by a noun phrase
9.1.2.1.3 Complements realised by a prepositional phrase or clause of comparison
9.1.2.1.4 Complements realised by finite that-clausesand infinitival clauses
9.1.3 The subject of the copular clause and the experience
9.1.3.1 Non-referential subjects
9.1.3.2 Referential personal and impersonal subjectsand the expression of the experiencer
9.2 Step 2: The counterparts ofthe epistemic/sensory-perception copular verbs
9.2.1 Lexical verbs as counterparts of epistemic/sensory-perception copular verbs
9.2.1.1 ‘Quality’ verbs
9.2.1.2 Other lexical verbs
9.2.1.2.1 ‘Process’ verbs
9.2.1.2.2 Verbs of ‘cognition’
9.2.1.2.3 Verbs of ‘speaking’ and the copula sound
9.2.1.2.4 Verbs of ‘sensory perception’
9.2.1.2.5 ‘Categorial’ and ‘relation’ verbs
9.2.1.2.6 The verb být (‘be’) as a counterpartof the epistemic/sensory-perception copular verbs
9.2.2 Adverbials as counterpartsof the epistemic/sensory-perception group of copular verbs
9.2.3 Zero counterparts
9.3 Step 3: The counterparts as a starting point:the means of expressing epistemic evaluation in English
9.4 Beyond Step 3
9.5 Conclusion
10. Copular verbs prove and turn out
10.1 Step 1: Formal characteristicsof the copular verbs prove and turn out
10.1.1 The verb and the subject
10.1.2 The subject complement
10.2 Step 2: The counterparts of prove and turn out
10.2.1 Inchoative verbs
10.2.2 Other lexical verb counterparts
10.2.3 The copula být and zero counterparts
10.2.4. Adverbial counterparts of prove and turn out
10.3 Step 3: The counterparts of prove and turn outas a starting point: the limitations of the method
10.4 Conclusion
11. Durative copular verbs:
keep, remain and stay
11.1 Step 1: Formal characteristicsof the copular verbs keep, remain and stay
11.1.1 The verb and the subject
11.1.2 The subject complement
11.2 Step 2: The counterparts of keep, remain and stay
11.2.1 One-to-one correspondence
11.2.2 Analytic counterparts
11.2.3 Synthetic and zero counterparts
11.2.3.1 General characteristics of synthetic and zero counterparts
11.2.3.2 Synthetic counterparts
11.2.3.3 Zero counterparts
11.2.3.4 ‘Non-concluding’ verbs as synthetic counterparts
11.3 Step 3: The counterparts of keep, remain and stayas a starting point: further limitations of the method
11.4 Conclusion
12. Conclusions
Sources and references
Index
Resumé