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Engineering Science: For Foundation Degree and Higher National

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Focusing primarily on core topics in mechanical and electrical science, students enrolled on a wide range of higher education engineering courses at undergraduate level will find Engineering Science, second edition, an invaluable aid to their learning.

With updated and expanded content, this new edition covers sections on the mechanics of materials, dynamics, thermodynamics, electrostatics and electromagnetic principles, and a.c./d.c. circuit theory. Entirely new sections are devoted to the study of gyroscopes and the effect of applied torques on their behaviour, and the use of Laplace transformation as a tool for modelling complex networks of inductance, capacitance and resistance. In addition, a new overview of the decibel (dB) introduces a handy technique for expressing logarithmic ratios.

Knowledge-check and review questions, along with activities, are included throughout the book, and the necessary background mathematics is integrated alongside the appropriate areas of engineering. The result is a clear and easily accessible textbook that encourages independent study and covers the essential scientific principles that students will meet at this level.

The book is supported with a companion website for students and lecturers at www.key2engineeringscience.com, and it includes:

• Solutions to the Test Your Knowledge and Review Questions in the book

• Further guidance on Essential Mathematics with introductions to vectors, vector operations, the calculus and differential equations, etc.

• An extra chapter on steam properties, cycles and plant

• Downloadable SCILAB scripts that help simplify some of the advanced mathematical content

• Selected illustrations from the book

Author(s): Mike Tooley, Lloyd Dingle
Edition: 2
Publisher: Routledge
Year: 2020

Language: English
Pages: 528
City: London

Cover
Half title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
PART I: Mechanics of materials
1. Fundamentals
1.1. Force
1.2. Vector representation and combination of forces
1.3. Coplanar force systems
1.4. Resolution of forces for coplanar systems
1.5. Simple stress and strain
1.6. Compound bars
1.7. Poisson’s ratio and two-dimensional loading
1.8. Chapter summary
2. Simply supported beams
2.1. Revision of fundamentals
2.2. Shear force and bending moment
2.3. Engineers’ theory of bending
2.4. Centroid and second moment of area
2.5. Beam selection
2.6. Slope and deflection of beams
2.7. Chapter summary
2.8. Review questions
3. Torsion and shafts
3.1. Review of shear stress and strain
3.2. Engineers’ theory of torsion
3.3. Polar second moment of area
3.4. Power transmitted by a shaft
3.5. Composite shafts
3.6. Chapter summary
3.7. Review questions
4. Pressure vessels
4.1. Thin-walled pressure vessels
4.2. Thick-walled pressure vessels
4.3. Pressure vessel applications
4.4. Chapter summary
4.5. Review questions
5. Concentrically loaded columns and struts
5.1. Slenderness ratio, radius of gyration and effective length
5.2. Euler’s theory and the Rankine—Gordon relationship
5.3. Chapter summary
5.4. Review questions
6. Introduction to strain energy
6.1. Strain energy resulting from direct stress and pure shear stress
6.2. Strain energy in bending and torsion
6.3. Castigliano’s theorem
6.4. Chapter summary
6.5. Review questions
7. Complex stress and strain
7.1. Stresses on oblique planes
7.2. Two-dimensional direct stress, shear stress and combined stress systems
7.3. Mohr’s stress circle
7.4. Strain
7.5. Strain gauges
7.6. Chapter summary
7.7. Review questions
PART II: Dynamics
8. Fundamentals
8.1. Newton’s laws
8.2. Linear equations of motion
8.3. Angular motion
8.4. Friction
8.5. Energy
8.6. Momentum
8.7. Power
8.8. Circular motion and forces of rotation
8.9. Gyroscopes
8.10. Chapter summary
8.11. Review questions
9. Kinematics of mechanisms
9.1. Velocity and acceleration diagrams
9.2. Displacement, velocity and acceleration analysis of an engine slider-crank mechanism
9.3. Cam mechanisms
9.4. Chapter summary
9.5. Review questions
10. Power transmission systems
10.1. Belt drives
10.2. Friction clutches
10.3. Gear trains
10.4. Balancing
10.5. Flywheels
10.6. Coupled systems
10.7. Chapter summary
10.8. Review questions
11. Oscillatory motion and vibration
11.1. Simple harmonic motion
11.2. Free vibration
11.3. Damped natural vibration
11.4. Forced vibration
11.5. Chapter summary
11.6. Review questions
PART III: Thermodynamics
12. Fundamentals
12.1. Density and pressure
12.2. Temperature, its measurement and thermal expansion
12.3. Heat, specific heat and latent heat
12.4. Gases and the gas laws
12.5. Chapter summary
12.6. Review questions
13. Thermodynamic systems
13.1. System definitions and properties
13.2. Closed and open systems
13.3. Closed systems and the first law of thermodynamics
13.4. Open systems and the first law of thermodynamics
13.5. Introduction to the second law of thermodynamics
13.6. Chapter summary
13.7. Review questions
14. Perfect gas processes
14.1. Reversibility and work
14.2. Perfect gas non-flow processes
14.3. Introduction to gas mixtures
14.4. Chapter summary
14.5. Review questions
15. Thermal cycles
15.1. Entropy
15.2. The Carnot cycle
15.3. The Otto cycle
15.4. The diesel cycle
15.5. Constant pressure cycle
15.6. Chapter summary
15.7. Review questions
16. Combustion engines
16.1. The reciprocating piston internal combustion engine working cycle
16.2. Internal combustion engine performance indicators
16.3. The gas turbine engine
16.4. Aircraft propulsion
16.5. The aircraft turbojet engine cycles and component efficiencies
16.6. Chapter summary
16.7. Review questions
17. Introduction to heat transfer
17.1. Introduction
17.2. Conduction
17.3. Convection
17.4. Radiation
17.5. Chapter summary
17.6. Review questions
18. Introduction to fluid mechanics
18.1. Thrust force on immersed surfaces
18.2. Buoyancy
18.3. Momentum of a fluid
18.4. The Bernoulli equation
18.5. Application of Bernoulli to fluid flow measurement
18.6. Fluid viscosity
18.7. Friction losses in piped systems
18.8. Energy loss in plain bearings
18.9. Chapter summary
18.10. Review questions
PART IV: Electrostatics and electromagnetism
19. Electrostatics and capacitors
19.1. The nature of electric charge
19.2. Permittivity, electric flux density and field strength
19.3. Force between charges
19.4. Capacitors
19.5. Energy storage
19.6. Capacitors in series and parallel
19.7. Chapter summary
19.8. Review questions
20. Electromagnetism and inductors
20.1. The nature of magnetic flux
20.2. Permeability and magnetic flux density
20.3. Force between conductors
20.4. Inductors
20.5. Energy storage
20.6. Inductors in series
20.7. Magnetic circuits and reluctance
20.8. Chapter summary
20.9. Review questions
PART V: Direct current
21. Current, voltage and resistance
21.1. The nature of electric current
21.2. Ohm’s law
21.3. Resistance and resistivity
21.4. Conductance and conductivity
21.5. Comparison of electric and magnetic circuits
21.6. Temperature coefficient of resistance
21.7. Internal resistance
21.8. Power, work and energy
21.9. Chapter summary
21.10. Review questions
22. Circuit theorems
22.1. Kirchhoff’s laws
22.2. Series and parallel circuit calculations
22.3. The potential divider
22.4. The current divider
22.5. The constant voltage source
22.6. The constant current source
22.7. Superposition theorem
22.8. Maximum power transfer theorem
22.9. Chapter summary
22.10. Review questions
PART VI: Transients
23. Transients
23.1. Rate of change
23.2. C–R circuits
23.3. L–R circuits
23.4. Chapter summary
23.5. Review questions
24. Transients in R–L–C systems
24.1. First- and second-order systems
24.2. Laplace transforms
24.3. Chapter summary
24.4. Review questions
PART VII: Alternating current
25. A.C. principles
25.1. Alternating voltage and current
25.2. Reactance
25.3. Impedance
25.4. Chapter summary
25.5. Review questions
26. Complex impedance and admittance
26.1. Complex notation
26.2. Series impedance
26.3. Parallel admittance
26.4. Complex networks
26.5. Chapter summary
26.6. Review questions
27. Resonant circuits
27.1. Series resonant circuits
27.2. Parallel resonance
27.3. Q-factor and bandwidth
27.4. Using complex notation to analyse resonant circuits
27.5. Chapter summary
27.6. Review questions
28. Coupled magnetic circuits
28.1. Mutual inductance
28.2. Coupled circuits
28.3. Transformers
28.4. Equivalent circuit of a transformer
28.5. Transformer regulation and efficiency
28.6. Transformer matching
28.7. Chapter summary
28.8. Review questions
29. Power, power factor and power factor correction
29.1. Power in a.c. circuits
29.2. Power factor
29.3. Power factor correction
29.4. Chapter summary
29.5. Review questions
30. Complex waveforms and Fourier analysis
30.1. Harmonics
30.2. Fourier analysis
30.3. Chapter summary
30.4. Review questions
31. Power in a complex waveform
31.1. RMS value of a waveform
31.2. Power factor for a complex waveform
31.3. Chapter summary
31.4. Review questions
32. A.C. network analysis
32.1. Transfer functions of L-C-R networks
32.2. Filters
32.3. Poles and zeros
32.4. Decibels
32.5. Bode plots
32.6. Chapter summary
32.7. Review questions
Index