This proceedings volume of the ISEA 2006 examines sports engineering, an interdisciplinary subject which encompasses and integrates not only sports science and engineering but also biomechanics, physiology and anatomy, and motion physics. This is the first title of its kind in the emerging field of sports technology.
Author(s): Eckehard Moritz, Steve Haake
Edition: 1
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2006
Language: English
Pages: 445
Cover Page......Page 1
Title Page
......Page 3
ISBN 0387317732......Page 4
Preface......Page 5
Table of Contents
......Page 7
Contributors......Page 14
1 Baseball......Page 44
Synopsis of Current Developments: Baseball......Page 46
1 Introduction......Page 48
2 Testing System......Page 49
3 Evaluation of the Gripping Method......Page 50
4 Durability Testing Methodologies......Page 52
References......Page 53
1 The Problem of Hand Sting......Page 54
2 Bending Modes and Hand Location......Page 55
3 Damping Rates for Bending Modes......Page 56
4 Evidence that Damping Reduces Sting......Page 57
References......Page 59
2 Background......Page 60
3.1 Barrel Stiffness......Page 62
3.2 Moment of Inertia......Page 64
References......Page 65
1 Introduction to the Problem......Page 66
3 Description of the Experiment......Page 67
4 Results and Discussion......Page 69
5 Summary and Conclusions......Page 70
References......Page 71
1 Introduction......Page 72
3 Numerical Simulation......Page 73
4 Results......Page 74
5 Summary......Page 76
7 References......Page 77
1 Introduction......Page 78
2 Measuring Equipment
......Page 79
5 Results......Page 80
References......Page 83
2 Climbing - Instrumentation and Testing ofEquipment......Page 84
Synopsis of Climbing - Instrumentation and Testing of Equipment......Page 86
1 Introduction......Page 88
2.1 The Very Simple Model (VSM) of Rope Behavior......Page 89
2.2 Comparison of the VSM to Models that Include Friction Losses and the Potential Energy Produced by Rope Stretch
......Page 90
4 Conclusion......Page 92
References......Page 93
2 Methods......Page 94
3 Results......Page 95
4 Discussion......Page 98
References......Page 99
1 Introduction......Page 100
2 Methods......Page 101
3 Results......Page 103
References......Page 105
2 Analysis......Page 106
3 Experiments......Page 108
4 Conclusions......Page 110
References......Page 111
1 Introduction......Page 112
2.1 Test Rig Description......Page 113
2.2 Belay Device Measured Characteristics and Results......Page 114
3 Brake Modeling and Comparison with Experiments
......Page 116
References......Page 117
3 Cycling......Page 118
Synopsis of Current Developments: Cycling......Page 120
1 Introduction......Page 122
3 Results And Discussion......Page 123
References......Page 127
1 Introduction
......Page 128
2.3 Material and data analysis......Page 129
3 Results......Page 131
4 Discussion......Page 132
References......Page 133
1 Introduction......Page 134
2.1 Centre of Curvature......Page 135
3.1 Suspension Motion Ratio......Page 136
4 Analyses......Page 137
5 Conclusions......Page 138
References......Page 139
1 Introduction
......Page 140
2 The Assisted Bicycle Trainer......Page 141
3 Communication Middleware......Page 143
References......Page 145
1 Introduction......Page 146
2.1 Hardware Setting and Software Architecture......Page 147
2.3 Simulation of head wind and road profile......Page 148
3.3 Group training......Page 149
4 Evaluation of the indoor simulation prototype......Page 150
References......Page 151
1 Introduction......Page 152
2.1 Rear Shock Model......Page 153
2.2 Experimental Setup......Page 155
3 Results......Page 156
References......Page 157
1 Introduction......Page 158
2 Model Formulation......Page 159
2.2 Rolling Resistance......Page 160
3.1 Solution Procedure......Page 161
3.2 Example Application......Page 162
References......Page 163
2.1 Overview......Page 164
2.2 Force Measurement System......Page 165
2.4 Post-Processing......Page 166
2.5 Setup of the System......Page 167
3 Results and Discussion......Page 168
References......Page 169
1 Introduction......Page 170
2 Test Procedures and Helmet Descriptions......Page 171
3 Results and Discussion......Page 172
References......Page 174
4 Golf......Page 176
Synopsis of Current Developments: Golf......Page 178
1 Introduction
......Page 180
2.2 Device Calibration......Page 181
2.3 Calculation of Forces and Moments......Page 182
3 Results......Page 183
4. Discussion......Page 184
References......Page 185
2 Design of test balls......Page 186
3.2 Results......Page 188
4.1 Indoor launcher test......Page 189
4.2 Outdoor test by ball launcher......Page 190
References......Page 191
1 Introduction......Page 192
3.1 Method of Trajectory Analysis......Page 193
3.2 Confirmation of Logarithmic Law......Page 194
4.2 Method of Ejection Experiment......Page 195
4.3 Results of Experiment and Analysis with Studyof the Wind Effect......Page 196
References......Page 197
1 Introduction......Page 198
2.1 Attachment of sensors......Page 200
2.2 Compatibility of the Gyroscopes......Page 201
3 Discussion......Page 202
References......Page 203
1 Introduction......Page 204
2 Equation of Motion of the Golf Swing Robot......Page 205
4 Torque Plan and Wrist Release......Page 207
References......Page 209
1 Introduction......Page 210
2 Methods......Page 211
3 Results......Page 213
3.2 Sequential Timing of Kinetic Energy Peaks......Page 214
References......Page 215
5 Gymnastics......Page 216
Synopsis of Current Developments: Gymnastics......Page 218
1 Introduction......Page 220
2.1 Gymnast and Uneven Parallel Bar Model......Page 221
2.2 Shoulder Stiffness and Damping Coefficients......Page 222
3.1 Shoulder Stiffness and Damping Coefficients......Page 223
3.2 Giant Swing Performance Effect Due to Shoulder Compliance......Page 224
References......Page 225
1 Introduction......Page 226
2.1 One Segment Models......Page 227
2.4 Two Segment Body Model......Page 230
References......Page 231
1 Introduction......Page 232
2.1 Data Collection......Page 233
2.2 Data Processing......Page 234
3 Results and Discussion......Page 235
4 Conclusions......Page 236
References......Page 237
1 Introduction......Page 238
2.1 Data Collection......Page 239
2.2 Data Processing......Page 240
3 Results and Discussion......Page 241
References......Page 242
6 Lawn Sports......Page 244
Synopsis of Current Developments: Lawn Sports......Page 246
1 Introduction......Page 248
3 Results......Page 249
4 Discussion......Page 252
References......Page 253
1 Introduction......Page 254
2 Method......Page 255
3 Results and Discussion......Page 257
References......Page 259
1 Introduction......Page 260
2.2 Fibre imaging technique......Page 261
2.3 Image analysis......Page 262
3 Results......Page 263
References......Page 264
1 Introduction......Page 266
2 Modeling......Page 267
3 Multi-optimization of the Punted Kick......Page 268
4 Multi-optimization of the Kick into Touch......Page 269
5 Multi-optimization of the Kick for Goal......Page 270
References......Page 271
1 Introduction......Page 272
2.2 Determination of the Optimum Moisture Content for Compaction of Each Soil
......Page 273
3.1 Compaction and Moisture Content......Page 274
3.3 The Effect of Subsequent Passes of a Roller on Soil Bulk Density......Page 275
4 Discussion......Page 276
References......Page 277
1 Introduction......Page 278
3 Oblique Impact Model......Page 279
4 Experimental Verification......Page 282
References......Page 283
1 Introduction......Page 284
2 Methodology......Page 285
2.2 Ball Roll Distance......Page 286
3.2 Ball Roll Distance......Page 287
4 Discussion......Page 288
References......Page 289
7 Skiing, Snowboarding and Ski Jumping......Page 290
Synopsis of Current Developments: Skiing, Snowboarding and Ski Jumping......Page 292
1 Introduction......Page 294
2.1 General Description of the Tribometer......Page 295
2.3 Ice and Snow Preparation......Page 296
3.2 Comparison Between Field and Laboratory Measurements......Page 297
References......Page 299
1 Introduction......Page 300
2.1 Measurement Devices......Page 301
3 Results......Page 302
References......Page 303
1 Introduction......Page 306
2 Materials and Methods......Page 307
3.1 Vibrational Modes and FEA......Page 308
3.2 Influence of the Topsheet......Page 309
3.3 Influence of Variations in the Structure of the Upper Face......Page 310
References......Page 311
2.1 Surface generation......Page 312
2.3 Reconstruction of the Trajectory......Page 313
3 Results......Page 314
References......Page 317
1 Introduction......Page 318
2.2 Flight Dynamics Model of Ski Jumping......Page 319
3 Results......Page 320
4 Discussions......Page 322
References......Page 323
1 Introduction......Page 324
2 Methods......Page 325
3. Results and Discussion......Page 327
References......Page 329
1 Introduction......Page 330
2 Methods......Page 331
3 Results and Discussion......Page 332
References......Page 335
1 Measurement......Page 336
2 Forces on the Ski......Page 337
3 Foot Pressure......Page 338
4 Leg Joint Angles......Page 339
6 Comparison Among the Data......Page 340
References......Page 341
1 Introduction......Page 342
2 Measurements......Page 343
3 Results and Discussion......Page 344
References......Page 347
1 Introduction......Page 348
2 Experimental Setup......Page 349
4 Theoretical Analysis......Page 350
5.1 Plastic on Plastic Friction Testing Results......Page 351
6 Conclusions......Page 352
References......Page 353
8 Football......Page 354
Synopsis of Current Developments: Soccer......Page 356
1 Introduction......Page 358
2.2 Pitch Quality Tests......Page 359
3.1 Soil types
......Page 360
3.2 Regression models......Page 361
4 Conclusions......Page 362
References......Page 363
1 Introduction......Page 364
2.1 Data Collection......Page 365
2.2 Data Analysis......Page 366
3 Results and Discussion......Page 367
References......Page 369
1 Introduction......Page 370
2 Methods......Page 371
3 Results and Discussion......Page 372
References......Page 375
1 Introduction......Page 376
3 Prediction System Developed by Mimicking Brain Function......Page 377
4 Results......Page 378
5 Conclusion......Page 380
References......Page 381
1 Introduction......Page 382
2.1 Design Requirements......Page 383
2.2 Some Design Details......Page 384
3 Current Status......Page 385
6 Acknowledgement......Page 386
References......Page 387
1 Introduction......Page 388
2.2 Test Protocol......Page 389
2.3 Data Analysis......Page 391
References......Page 393
1 Introduction......Page 394
2 Material and Methods......Page 395
3 Results and Discussion......Page 396
References......Page 399
1 Introduction......Page 400
2 Method......Page 402
3 Results and Discussion......Page 403
References......Page 405
9 Tennis......Page 406
Synopsis of Current Developments: Tennis......Page 408
2.1 Analytical Model......Page 410
2.2 Equations of a Spherical Shell in Axisymmetric Motion......Page 411
3 Numerical Results and Discussion......Page 412
References......Page 415
2 Framework Development......Page 416
3.1 Racket Impacts......Page 417
3.2 Repeated Impacts......Page 418
4.2 Cloth Construction......Page 419
4.3 Natural Pressure Loss......Page 420
References......Page 421
2 Methodology......Page 422
2.2 Automated Image Processing......Page 423
3.1 Results......Page 424
3.2 Discussion......Page 426
References......Page 427
1 Introduction......Page 428
2 Methodology......Page 429
2.1 Markers......Page 430
2.3 Analysis - Examples......Page 431
4.1 Analysis and memodology......Page 432
References......Page 433
1 Introduction......Page 434
2 Experimental Method......Page 436
3.1 Mayo Elbow Performance Index......Page 437
3.2 Broberg and Morrey Scoring System......Page 438
References......Page 439
10 Watersports......Page 440
Synopsis of Current Developments: Water Sports......Page 442
1 Introduction......Page 444
2 Geometric Model......Page 445
4 Modeled Jump......Page 446
5 Results......Page 447
References......Page 449
1 Introduction......Page 450
2 Methods......Page 451
3 Case Study......Page 454
References......Page 455
2.1 Instrumentation and Testers......Page 456
2.3 Data Analysis......Page 457
3 Results and Discussion......Page 459
References......Page 461
2.2 Rope Testing......Page 462
3 Results......Page 463
4 Conclusions......Page 466
References......Page 467
1 Background......Page 468
2.2 Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis......Page 469
3 Verification of Deformation of a Solid Cylinder in Cross Flow......Page 470
4 Validation of Drag, Lift and FEA of Fins......Page 472
References......Page 473
1 Introduction......Page 474
2 Simulation Analysis of the Influence of Upper-Extremity Amputation on the Front Crawl
......Page 475
3.1 Optimization Procedure......Page 476
3.2 Optimization Results......Page 477
4.1 Manufactured Swimming Prosthetic and Experimental Method......Page 478
References......Page 479
Author Index......Page 480
Subject Index......Page 484
Back Page......Page 488