The aim of this book is to provide professional engineers and students of engineering with a sound working knowledge of the finite element method for engineering analysis and engineering design. This readable text will serve as a guide both to the method, and to its implementation in PAFEC (Program for Automatic Finite Element Calculations) software.
Author(s): C H Woodford
Year: 1998
Language: English
Pages: 256
Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Preface......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Archimedes and the calculation of π......Page 13
Newton and the integral calculus......Page 14
Summary......Page 16
Modern finite element practice......Page 17
Summary......Page 18
Summary......Page 19
1.2 Finite element analysis: a step by step guide......Page 20
1.2.2 Element formulation......Page 21
1.2.3 Formulation of the element equations......Page 23
1.2.4 Assemblage of the equations......Page 25
1.2.6 Further calculations......Page 27
1.5 PAFEC-FE data for the cantilever truss......Page 28
Reference......Page 29
2.2 Specifying problem data......Page 30
2.3 The ten phases of PAFEC-FE......Page 31
2.4 Types of analysis available......Page 33
Summary......Page 34
Summary......Page 35
Summary......Page 36
3.1 Overview......Page 37
Summary......Page 38
3.4.1 Module name......Page 39
3.4.2 Module headers......Page 40
3.4.5 Repetition records......Page 41
3.5 The control module......Page 42
3.5.1 Phase control......Page 43
3.5.3 Save and re-start facilities......Page 44
3.5.4 Modifying the PAFEC-FE program......Page 46
3.8 Conclusion......Page 47
Reference......Page 48
4.2 Construction of a simple structure......Page 49
4.2.1 The NODES module......Page 50
4.2.2 The ELEMENTS module......Page 51
4.2.3 Irregular shapes......Page 52
4.2.4 Material properties......Page 53
4.3 Modelling using polar coordinates......Page 55
4.3.1 More complicated shapes......Page 56
4.4.2 Arc nodes......Page 58
4.5.2 Node connectivity......Page 60
4.6 Automatic mesh generation......Page 61
4.6.1 More generally shaped blocks......Page 63
4.7.1 Modelling structures with holes or cutout sections......Page 64
4.7.2 A mesh within a mesh......Page 66
4.8 Conclusion......Page 68
5.2 Idealization as a model......Page 69
5.4 The structure......Page 70
5.6.1 Static displacement and stress analysis......Page 71
5.7.1 Steady state analysis......Page 72
5.8.2 Sinusoidal response......Page 73
5.10 Units......Page 74
5.12 Has the problem been solved?......Page 75
6.1 Introduction......Page 77
6.2 Discussion of element type......Page 79
6.4 Beam elements......Page 80
6.5 Membrane elements......Page 82
6.6 Three-dimensional elements with three degrees of freedom per node......Page 83
6.7 Plate bending elements......Page 84
6.8 Shell elements......Page 86
6.11.1 Geometric non-linearity......Page 88
6.11.3 Creep behaviour......Page 89
6.14 Temperature distribution......Page 90
6.16 Anisotropic materials......Page 91
Reference......Page 93
7.2.2 Simple beam element 34000......Page 94
7.2.4 Simple beam element with offset 34200 and 34500......Page 95
of freedom 34210 .........Page 96
7.3 Warnings and errors for beam elements......Page 97
7.4 Two-dimensional and three-dimensional frame analysis......Page 98
7.5.2 PAFEC-FE data input......Page 99
7.6 Element 34100 and the three-dimensional crane structure......Page 109
7.7 Increased degrees of freedom......Page 110
7.9 Conclusions......Page 114
8.3.1 General description......Page 115
8.3.3 Further twelve edge brick elements......Page 116
8.3.4 Triangular prism elements......Page 117
8.3.5 Tetrahedral elements......Page 118
8.5 An application of three-dimensional finite elements......Page 119
8.5.1 Model description......Page 122
8.5.2 Discussion of the output......Page 131
Reference......Page 134
9.2 Basic steps......Page 135
9.3 Considerations of symmetry......Page 136
9.4.1 Plane stress analysis......Page 137
9.4.2 Plane strain analysis......Page 138
9.5 Axisymmetric analysis......Page 139
9.7 Static loading......Page 140
9.9 Examples of static analysis using PAFEC-FE......Page 141
9.9.1 Analysis 1......Page 142
9.9.2 Analysis 2......Page 147
9.9.3 Analysis 3......Page 150
References......Page 153
10.1 Introduction......Page 155
10.3 Excavation simulation......Page 158
10.3.2 Relaxation approach......Page 159
10.4 Boundary proximity......Page 160
10.5 Modelling of underground excavation support systems......Page 161
10.6.1 Description of the problem......Page 162
10.6.2 PAFEC-FE input data......Page 163
10.6.3 Discussion of results......Page 176
References......Page 179
11.1 Introduction......Page 186
11.2 Fracture toughness......Page 187
11.4 Application of finite element analysis in fracture mechanics......Page 189
11.5 PAFEC-FE example......Page 190
11.6 PAFEC-FE input data......Page 193
References......Page 196
Appendix A......Page 198
Index......Page 200
