Energy Storage for Multigeneration: Desalination, Power, Cooling and Heating Applications

Front Cover
Energy Storage for Multigeneration: Desalination, Power, Cooling and Heating Applications
Copyright
Contents
Contributors
Chapter 1: Energy storage for sustainable desalination and renewable energy integration
1. Introduction
2. Energy storage systems
3. Benefits of energy storage
4. Description of energy storage systems
4.1. Mechanical energy storage systems
4.2. Electrical energy storage systems
4.3. Chemical energy storage systems
5. Comparison of energy storage systems
5.1. Electrochemical energy storage systems
5.2. Mechanical energy storage systems
5.2.1. Pumped hydro systems
5.2.2. Compressed air energy storage systems
5.2.3. Flywheels
5.2.4. Gravitational
5.3. Thermal energy storage systems
5.3.1. Pumped heat
5.3.2. Liquid air
5.3.3. Hydrogen
6. Applications of energy storage systems
7. Development needs for energy storage systems
8. Energy-water nexus
9. Desalination for water supplies
10. Energy storage for desalination
11. Summary
References
Chapter 2: Energy storage options for large-scale PV-RO desalination plants
1. Introduction
2. Reverse osmosis desalination and energy use
3. Energy storage options
3.1. Electricity storage
3.2. Energy storage as hydraulic head-Pressure use
3.3. Energy storage as hydraulic head-Pumped hydropower
4. Modeling of large-scale PV-RO desalination
4.1. Case study
4.2. Power allocation
4.3. Analysis of local conditions
4.4. Local versus grid energy storage
5. Feasibility of PV-drive RO desalination
6. Final remarks and future perspectives
References
Chapter 3: Global potential for renewable energy powered desalination in the irrigation sector
1. Introduction
1.1. Water supply for the irrigation sector
1.2. Desalinated water for irrigation
2. Demand for renewable-energy-based desalination
2.1. Irrigation efficiency
2.2. Irrigation efficiency scenarios
2.2.1. Base scenario
2.2.2. Irrigation efficiency push scenario
2.2.3. Highest possible irrigation efficiency scenario
3. Details of the energy system required
4. Improved irrigation systems and 100% renewable energy powered desalination
4.1. Role of desalination in the Base, IEP, and HPIE scenarios
4.2. Cost of water during the transition
4.3. Energy system transition for the global desalination sector
5. Opportunities and direction for future research
6. Conclusions
References
Chapter 4: Use of RES-powered desalination in water-stressed regions. A case study in Algarve, Portugal
1. Introduction
1.1. State of the art
1.1.1. Desalination powered by RES
1.1.2. Operational optimization to reduce levelized costs
1.2. Objectives
2. Methods
2.1. Levelized cost of water
2.2. General assumptions
2.3. Simplified model
2.4. Optimization model
2.4.1. Optimization assumptions
2.4.2. Optimization formulation
2.4.3. Total costs
2.4.4. Modularity
2.5. Sensitivity analysis
2.6. Carbon footprint of power consumption
3. Case study
4. Results and discussion
4.1. Baseline scenario
4.2. Centralized scenario
4.2.1. Simplified model
4.2.2. Optimization model
4.2.3. Sensitivity analysis
4.3. Decentralized scenario
4.3.1. Simplified model
4.3.2. Optimization model
4.4. Centralized versus decentralized scenario
5. Toward a new water supply paradigm
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 5: Solar-energy-driven desalination cycle with an energy storage option
1. Introduction
2. Energy storage systems
2.1. SHS system
2.2. LHS system
2.3. THS system
3. Proposed thermal energy storage material reaction
4. Proposed integrated system operation
5. System experimentation
6. Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 6: Energy storage in nuclear desalination plants
1. Energy storage in nuclear power plants
2. Nuclear-powered desalination
2.1. Nuclear power and desalination
2.2. Desalination technologies
2.2.1. Multieffect distillation
2.2.2. Multistage flash
2.2.3. Reverse osmosis
3. Desalination as an energy storage proxy
3.1. Modeling tools for nuclear-powered desalination analysis
3.1.1. Desalination Economic Evaluation Program
3.1.2. Desalination Thermodynamic Optimization Program
3.2. Energy storage proxies
3.3. Nuclear energy and desalination
4. Economic and capacity analysis of nuclear-powered water desalination
4.1. Selection of desalination method
4.1.1. Thermal utilization
4.1.2. Effect of desalination on NPPs net electrical output
4.1.3. Effect of desalination on NPPs power costs
4.1.4. Nuclear-powered water desalination cost
4.1.5. Comparison of various nuclear-powered desalination methods
5. Water desalination as a proxy for energy storage systems in NPP
6. Safety concerns of nuclear-powered desalination
References
Chapter 7: Desalination powered by hybrid solar photovoltaic (PV) and tidal range energy systems-Future prospects
1. Introduction
2. Electricity production by tidal-range power plants
3. Hybrid solar/tidal desalination plants
4. Future prospects of desalination powered by tidal-range plants
4.1. Double-basin systems
4.2. Energy storage
4.3. Trihybrid systems
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 8: Nanoparticles-enhanced energy storage materials in solar thermal desalination
1. Introduction
2. Solar desalination
2.1. Direct solar desalination
2.2. Indirect solar desalination
3. Thermal energy storage in solar desalination
3.1. Thermal energy storage system
4. PCMs in solar desalination
5. Advent of nanoparticles in energy storage
6. Nanoparticles in TES for solar desalination
7. Future research prospects
8. Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 9: Solar desalination with energy storage
1. Introduction
2. Solar desalination
2.1. Direct solar desalination
2.2. Indirect solar desalination
2.2.1. Humidification-dehumidification
2.2.2. Multieffect distillation
2.2.3. Multistage flash
2.2.4. Vapor compression
2.2.5. Reverse osmosis
2.2.6. Electrodialysis
2.2.7. Membrane distillation
3. Energy storage technologies for solar desalination systems
3.1. Thermal energy storage technologies
3.1.1. Sensible thermal energy storage for desalination
STES applications in desalination
3.1.2. Latent thermal energy storage for desalination
PCM energy storage applications in desalination
3.1.3. Thermochemical thermal energy storage
3.1.4. Current status of TES technologies
3.2. Battery energy storage technologies
3.2.1. Energy storage for RO technology
3.2.2. Current status of EES Technologies
4. Conclusion
References
Chapter 10: Economic and environmental aspects of solar desalination with energy storage
1. Introduction
2. Overview of energy storage technologies
2.1. Assessments and comparisons of various EST
2.1.1. Technical performance
2.1.2. Economics
2.1.3. Advantages and disadvantages
3. Economics of energy storage systems in desalination
3.1. Thermal energy storage technologies
3.2. Electrochemical and battery energy storage technologies
4. Environmental impacts
4.1. Environmental impacts of thermal desalination processes
4.1.1. Greenhouse gases emissions from thermal desalination processes
4.1.2. Environmental impacts of brine disposal from thermal desalination
4.2. Environmental impacts of membrane desalination processes
4.2.1. GHGs emissions from membrane desalination processes
4.2.2. Environmental impacts of brine disposal from membrane desalination
5. Future perspectives of energy storage in desalination
6. Conclusion
References
Chapter 11: Thermal energy storage in concentrated solar power plants
1. A brief history of concentrated solar power
2. Working principle of central tower-based CSP plants
3. Primary components of the CSP
3.1. Solar reflector
3.2. Solar receiver
3.3. Power cycle-Brayton supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) power cycle
3.4. Thermal energy storage
3.4.1. Design
3.4.2. Thermal energy storage materials
Salt chemistry (Gibbs triangle)
3.4.3. Calculations of thermophysical properties
3.4.4. Thermal stability
3.4.5. Potential candidate material for the operational range of 600-650C
3.4.6. Problems associated with molten salt technology
3.4.7. Future materials for thermal energy storage
4. Concluding remarks
References
Index
Back Cover