Energy-Smart Buildings intends to provide a brief research source for building technology and regulations in terms of energy efficiency, as well as discussing fundamental aspects and cutting-edge trends for new buildings and retrofitting the current building stock. Additionally, sources of renewable and sustainable energy production and storage are reviewed, with case studies of such systems on buildings in a cold climate. This volume provides industry professionals, researchers and students with the most updated review on modern building ideas, and renewable energy technologies that can be coupled with them. It is especially valuable for those starting on a new topic of research or coming into the field.
Author(s): Jacob J. Lamb, Bruno G. Pollet
Series: IOP Series in Renewable and Sustainable Power
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Year: 2020
Language: English
Pages: 200
City: Bristol
PRELIMS.pdf
Preface
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*About ENERSENSE
**About NTNU Team Hydrogen
List of contributors
CH001.pdf
Chapter 1 Introduction to energy efficiency in buildings
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Protocols and legislation
1.3 Energy performance standards in the European Union
References
CH002.pdf
Chapter 2 Basic principles of energy use in buildings
2.1 Basic principles of heat transfer
2.1.1 Heat conduction
2.1.2 Heat convection
2.1.3 Heat radiation
2.1.4 Heat transfer through envelope components
2.1.5 Thermal bridges
2.1.6 Thermal mass
2.2 Energy balance of the building
2.2.1 Energy use for lighting and appliances
2.2.2 Energy use for domestic hot water
2.2.3 Energy use for HVAC systems
2.2.4 Heating demand
2.2.5 Cooling demand
2.2.6 Ventilation energy
References
CH003.pdf
Chapter 3 Building design and envelope
3.1 Cold climate design
3.2 Strategies to reduce the energy demand
3.2.1 Decreasing the space heating demand
3.2.2 Providing free heating
3.2.3 Limiting the cooling demand
3.2.4 Providing free daylighting
3.2.5 Creating an energy efficient building envelope
3.3 Components of the building envelope
3.3.1 Opaque envelope
3.3.2 Transparent envelope
3.3.3 Airtightness
3.3.4 Thermal bridges
3.3.5 Solar systems
3.3.6 Shading systems
3.3.7 Passive cooling systems
3.4 Building retrofitting
3.4.1 Energy savings and cost-effectiveness
3.4.2 Challenges
3.4.3 Common retrofit solutions
3.5 Conclusion
References
CH004.pdf
Chapter 4 Smart components and systems
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Smart system description
4.2.1 Smart building network
4.2.2 Information and communication technologies
4.2.3 User behaviour
4.3 Smart building technology classification
4.4 Smart building technologies
4.4.1 Integrated wireless technologies
4.4.2 Home energy management
4.4.3 Smart building micro-computers
4.4.4 Home automation systems
4.5 Intelligent buildings
4.5.1 Challenges and opportunities
4.6 Building automation control systems
4.6.1 Energy savings from BACS
4.7 Energy flexibility
4.8 User interaction
4.9 Future benefits and challenges
References
CH005.pdf
Chapter 5 Energy production in buildings
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Solar electrical energy
5.2.1 Solar production
5.2.2 Types of PV panels
5.2.3 Inverters for PV systems
5.2.4 Energy payback time
5.2.5 PV costs
5.2.6 Comparison of different PV technologies
5.2.7 Challenges for PV systems
5.2.8 Conclusions and future development
5.3 Wind electrical energy
5.3.1 The urban environment
5.3.2 Atmospheric boundary layer
5.3.3 Wind turbines in the urban environment
5.3.4 Vertical axis versus horizontal axis wind turbines
5.3.5 Wind turbine performance
5.3.6 Construction standards
5.3.7 Cost assessment
5.3.8 Wind turbine noise pollution
5.3.9 Challenges for urban wind turbines
5.3.10 Conclusions and future developments
References
CH006.pdf
Chapter 6 Energy storage
6.1 Biomass
6.1.1 Development of bioenergy
6.1.2 Biogas fuel storage
6.2 Hydrogen
6.2.1 Development of hydrogen
6.2.2 Hydrogen storage
6.3 Present uses of hydrogen and biomass
6.3.1 Heat and industry
6.3.2 Infrastructure
6.4 Heat energy storage
6.4.1 Electrical hot water heaters
6.5 Energy storage by batteries
References
CH007.pdf
Chapter 7 Optimal control of batteries and hot water heaters in zero emission neighbourhoods
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Grid tariff structure in Norway
7.1.2 Energy flexibility in buildings
7.1.3 Carbon emissions
7.1.4 Photovoltaic systems
7.1.5 Electric water heater
7.2 Case study of the campus at Evenstad
7.2.1 The baseline scenario
7.2.2 Electric water heaters
7.2.3 Operation of water heaters and batteries
7.2.4 Peak shaving
7.2.5 Self-consumption
7.2.6 CO2 emissions
7.2.7 Economic value
7.2.8 Sensitivity analysis—shadow price
7.3 Conclusion
References
CH008.pdf
Chapter 8 Spot price and carbon emissions in a zero-emission neighbourhood
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Campus Evenstad
8.1.2 Choice of battery
8.1.3 The Norwegian power market
8.2 Methodology
8.2.1 The peak shaving model
8.2.2 Carbon intensity model
8.2.3 Spot price model
8.2.4 Consumption model
8.3 Results
8.3.1 Peak shaving
8.3.2 Carbon intensity
8.3.3 Spot price
8.3.4 Comparison between carbon intensity and spot price
8.3.5 Self-consumption
8.3.6 Size of the battery bank
8.4 Discussion
8.4.1 Maximizing self-consumption of PV energy
8.4.2 Peak shaving
8.4.3 The value of a battery at Campus Evenstad
References
