Energy Services Fundamentals and Financing

Title-page_2021_Energy-Services-Fundamentals-and-Financing
Energy Services Fundamentals and Financing
Copyright_2021_Energy-Services-Fundamentals-and-Financing
Copyright
Contents_2021_Energy-Services-Fundamentals-and-Financing
Contents
List-of-Contributors_2021_Energy-Services-Fundamentals-and-Financing
List of Contributors
1---Energy-services--concepts--applications-_2021_Energy-Services-Fundamenta
1 Energy services: concepts, applications and historical background
Chapter Outline
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Energy and population growth
1.3 Energy saving in buildings
1.4 Energy use in agriculture
1.5 Renewable energy technologies
1.5.1 Solar energy
1.5.2 Efficient bioenergy use
1.5.2.1 Briquette processes
1.5.2.2 Improved cook stoves
1.5.2.3 Biogas technology
1.5.2.4 Improved forest and tree management
1.5.2.5 Gasification application
1.5.3 Combined heat and power
1.5.4 Hydrogen production
1.5.5 Hydropower generation
1.5.6 Wind energy
1.6 Energy and sustainable development
1.7 Global warming
1.8 Recommendations
1.9 Conclusion
References
2---The-promotion-of-renewable-energy-commun_2021_Energy-Services-Fundamenta
2 The promotion of renewable energy communities in the European Union
Chapter Outline
2.1 Overview
2.2 The link between the provision of energy services and the increase of energy efficiency
2.3 The efficiency gains stemming from distributed generation of energy production
2.4 The concept of renewable energy community
2.5 The promotion of renewable energy communities in EU law
2.6 The promotion of renewable energy communities in the draft National Energy and Climate Plans
2.7 Conclusion
References
3---Financial-schemes-for-energy-efficiency-projec_2021_Energy-Services-Fund
3 Financial schemes for energy efficiency projects: lessons learnt from in-country demonstrations
Chapter Outline
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The proposed methodology
3.3 Innovative financing schemes
3.3.1 Crowdfunding
3.3.2 Energy performance contracting
3.3.3 Green bonds
3.3.4 Guarantee funds
3.3.5 Revolving funds
3.3.6 Soft loans
3.3.7 Third-party financing
3.4 Case study countries
3.4.1 Bulgaria
3.4.2 Greece
3.4.3 Lithuania
3.4.4 Spain
3.5 Key actors identification
3.6 Knowledge transfer
3.6.1 Peer-to-Peer learning
3.6.2 Capacity building activities
3.7 Conclusions
References
4---Energy-in-buildings-and-distr_2021_Energy-Services-Fundamentals-and-Fina
4 Energy in buildings and districts
Chapter Outline
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Thermal comfort
4.3 User behavior
4.4 Weather conditions under climate change and growing urbanization
4.5 Envelope and materials
4.6 From passive to nearly zero-energy building design
4.7 Smart buildings and home automation
4.8 From smart buildings to smart districts and cities
4.9 Concluding discussion
References
5---Renewable-energy-integration-as-an-alternative_2021_Energy-Services-Fund
5 Renewable energy integration as an alternative to the traditional ground-source heat pump system
Chapter Outline
Nomenclature
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Methodology
5.2.1 Description of the proposed solution
5.2.2 Test procedure
5.3 Technical calculation
5.3.1 Thermal module
5.3.1.1 Geothermal energy
5.3.1.2 Thermal solar energy
5.3.2 Power module
5.3.2.1 Photovoltaic solar energy
5.3.2.2 Wind energy
5.3.3 Contribution of the suggested installation
5.4 Economic and environmental analysis
5.4.1 Economic analysis
5.4.2 Environmental evaluation
5.5 Discussion
5.5.1 Sensitivity analysis
5.5.1.1 Electricity price
5.5.1.2 Electric rate
5.5.1.3 CO2 emission factor
5.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
6---Energy-saving-strategies-on-university-campus_2021_Energy-Services-Funda
6 Energy-saving strategies on university campus buildings: Covenant University as case study
Chapter Outline
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Energy modeling software for buildings
6.1.2 Energy conservation measures in buildings
6.2 Materials and methods
6.2.1 Study location
6.2.2 Procedure for data collection
6.2.3 Instrumentation and procedure for data analysis
6.2.4 Economic analysis
6.2.5 Assessment of environmental impacts
6.3 Results and discussions
6.3.1 Result of energy audit in cafeterias1 and 2
6.3.2 Result of energy audit in Mechanical Engineering building
6.3.3 Result of energy audit in university library
6.3.4 Result of energy audit in health center
6.3.5 Result of energy audit in the students’ halls of residence
6.3.6 Qualitative recommendation analysis
6.3.6.1 Replacement of lighting fixtures with light-emitting diode bulbs
6.3.6.2 Installation of solar panels on the roofs of selected buildings
6.4 Conclusion
References
7---Energy-conversion-systems-and-Energy_2021_Energy-Services-Fundamentals-a
7 Energy conversion systems and Energy storage systems
Chapter Outline
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Energy systems in buildings
7.2.1 Energy generation systems
7.2.1.1 Combined heat and power system
7.2.1.2 Solar photovoltaic system
7.2.1.3 Solar thermal system
7.2.1.4 Organic Rankine cycle system
7.2.1.5 Geothermal system
7.2.1.6 Wind turbine system
7.2.2 Energy conversion systems
7.2.2.1 Heating systems
7.2.2.2 Cooling systems
7.2.2.3 Ventilation systems
7.2.3 Energy storage systems
7.2.3.1 Battery energy storage system
7.2.3.2 Thermal energy storage system
7.3 Conclusion
References
8---Energy-systems-in-building_2021_Energy-Services-Fundamentals-and-Financi
8 Energy systems in buildings
Chapter Outline
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Energy-efficient building envelopes
8.2.1 Increasing thermal resistance of the building envelope
8.2.2 Climate-specific design of energy-efficient envelopes
8.3 Renewable energy sources for building energy application
8.3.1 Analyzing electrical/thermal loads of a building
8.3.2 Consideration of local codes and requirements for renewable energy systems
8.3.3 Solar energy systems
8.3.3.1 Solar water heating
8.3.3.1.1 Flat-plate collectors
8.3.3.1.2 Evacuated tube solar thermal collectors
8.3.3.1.3 Choice of solar thermal collectors
8.3.3.1.3.1 Cost
8.3.3.1.3.2 Performance
8.3.3.1.3.3 Installation
8.3.4 Building-integrated photovoltaic systems
8.4 Solar thermal energy storage
8.4.1 Types of thermal energy storage technologies
8.4.1.1 Sensible heat storage system
8.4.1.1.1 Sensible solid heat storage system
8.4.1.1.2 Sensible liquid heat storage system
8.4.1.2 Sensible cold storage system
8.4.1.3 Latent heat storage system
8.4.1.4 Thermochemical storage
8.5 Wind energy
8.5.1 Brief introduction
8.5.2 Wind resource assessment
8.5.3 Building-integrated/mounted wind turbine
8.5.3.1 Building-integrated wind turbines
8.5.3.2 Building-mounted wind turbines
8.5.3.3 Building-augmented wind turbines
8.5.4 Optimizing building-integrated/mounted wind turbine devices
8.5.5 Small/micro wind turbines for building application
8.6 Heat pumps
8.6.1 Air-source heat pumps
8.6.2 Ground-source heat pumps
8.6.3 Working principles of heat pumps
8.6.3.1 The heating cycle
8.6.3.2 The cooling cycle
8.6.3.3 The defrost cycle
8.6.4 Performance measures
8.7 Biomass
8.8 Summary
References
9---Energy-efficiency-and-renewable-energy-so_2021_Energy-Services-Fundament
9 Energy efficiency and renewable energy sources for industrial sector
Chapter Outline
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Global energy trends
9.3 Energy consumption and emissions in industry
9.3.1 General trends
9.3.2 Energy and carbon-intensive industrial sectors
9.4 Energy efficiency in industry for climate change mitigation
9.4.1 The need for innovation
9.5 Energy efficiency and renewable sources in industry
9.5.1 Bioenergy
9.5.2 Solar heat
9.6 Case study in Turkey
9.6.1 National Energy Efficiency Action Plan
9.6.2 General overview
9.6.3 Industry and technology
9.6.4 Aim of the development plans
9.7 Policy options
9.7.1 Lessons learned
9.7.2 International agreements
9.7.3 Procurement
9.8 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
10---Energy-efficiency-in-tourism-sector--eco-_2021_Energy-Services-Fundamen
10 Energy efficiency in tourism sector: eco-innovation measures and energy
Chapter Outline
10.1 Introduction
10.2 State of the arts
10.3 Methods and data
10.4 Results and discussion
10.5 Conclusions
References
11---Energy-service-markets--status-quo-_2021_Energy-Services-Fundamentals-a
11 Energy service markets: status quo and development
Chapter Outline
11.1 Introduction
11.2 The European framework for energy services
11.2.1 Legal framework
11.2.2 The European Union energy service markets: market volume, offers, and barriers
11.3 The German energy service market
11.3.1 Legal framework and information sources
11.3.2 Market overview
11.4 Developments of segments of the service market
11.4.1 Advice services
11.4.2 Energy management
11.4.3 Contracting
11.5 Market development
11.6 Conclusions: lessons learned from the German case
References
12---Worldwide-trends-in-energy-marke_2021_Energy-Services-Fundamentals-and-
12 Worldwide trends in energy market research
Chapter Outline
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Data
12.3 Results
12.3.1 Subjects from worldwide publications
12.3.2 Journals metric analysis
12.3.3 Countries, affiliations, and their main topics
12.3.4 Keywords from worldwide publications
12.3.5 Cluster analysis based on keywords
References
13---Which-aspects-may-prevent-the-development-of-energy-servic_2021_Energy-
13 Which aspects may prevent the development of energy service companies? The impact of barriers and country-specific condi...
Chapter Outline
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Which are the problems confronted by energy efficiency actions and policy instruments?
13.3 Which are the most relevant barriers confronted by energy service companies in different regions?
13.4 Removing barriers and promoting energy service companies
13.4.1 Actions to remove economic and market barriers
13.4.2 Actions to remove funding barriers
13.4.3 Enabling frameworks for energy service companies and other energy efficiency actions
13.5 Lessons learned and conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Further reading
Index_2021_Energy-Services-Fundamentals-and-Financing
Index