This book provides information on available sources of energy in East Africa and how energy suppliers can exploit them in an integrated form to produce the right blend of energy for various applications: industrial, domestic and recreational uses. The authors provide in-depth analysis of the impacts, advantages and disadvantages, environmental, industrialization and distribution costs of different energy sources. The book aims to contribute to a sustainable exploitation of energy resources.
Author(s): Herick O. Otieno, Joseph L. Awange
Edition: 1
Year: 2006
Language: English
Pages: 308
Contents......Page 11
Preface......Page 6
Acknowledgement......Page 9
1.1 Introductory Remarks......Page 15
1.2 Background Facts of East Africa......Page 18
1.3 Energy in East Africa......Page 24
1.4 Household Energy Application and Management......Page 34
1.5 Commercial Energy Management......Page 37
1.6 Energy Choice Factors......Page 45
1.7 Institutional Constraints......Page 52
1.8 Global Energy Situation......Page 54
1.9 Concluding Remarks......Page 57
2.1 Introductory Remarks......Page 58
2.2 Natural Gas......Page 60
2.3 Coal......Page 61
2.4 Geothermal......Page 62
2.5 Petroleum-Based Fuels......Page 64
2.6 Hydropower......Page 65
2.7 Thermal Generators......Page 69
2.8 Co-Generation......Page 71
2.9 Solar and Wind Energies......Page 73
2.10 Biomass Energy......Page 75
2.11 Concluding Remarks......Page 77
3.1 Introductory Remarks......Page 78
3.2 Hydro Energy......Page 81
3.3 Co-Generation......Page 87
3.4 Portable Generators......Page 90
3.5 Natural Gas, Coal, and Geothermal......Page 91
3.6 Solar Energy......Page 92
3.7 Wind Energy......Page 94
3.8 Biomass......Page 96
3.9 Concluding Remarks......Page 99
4.1 Introductory Remarks......Page 100
4.2 Reforms: The Immediate Challenge......Page 106
4.2.1 Effects of Electricity Reforms in Kenya......Page 108
4.2.2 Effects of Electricity Reforms in Uganda......Page 110
4.3 Concluding Remarks......Page 113
5.1 Introductory Remarks......Page 114
5.2 Solar Energy Technologies......Page 115
5.2.1 Low Grade Solar Heat Applications......Page 116
5.2.2 High Temperature Solar Heat Applications......Page 123
5.3 Solar Electricity......Page 127
5.3.1 The Development of Photovoltaic......Page 128
5.3.2 Photovoltaic Cost Reduction Trends......Page 129
5.3.3 Properties of Solar Cell Materials......Page 131
5.3.4 The Solar Cell......Page 135
5.3.5 Recombination of Electrons and Holes......Page 136
5.3.6 Cell Efficiency......Page 137
5.3.7 Solar Cell Production Method......Page 140
5.4.1 Wind Energy Technology......Page 145
5.5 Small Hydro Energy......Page 157
5.6 Biomass Technologies......Page 164
5.6.1 Biomass: The Traditional Use......Page 166
5.6.2 Biomass: Charcoal Production......Page 181
5.6.3 Biomass: Briquette Production......Page 184
5.6.4 Biomass: Industrial Application......Page 186
5.6.5 Biogas......Page 190
5.6.6 Biomass: Gasification......Page 194
5.7.1 Uganda's Biomass Energy Policy......Page 198
5.7.2 Overall National Energy Policy......Page 201
5.7.3 Forestry Policy and the National Forest Plan......Page 202
5.7.5 Agriculture......Page 203
5.7.8 Total Biomass Production and Use......Page 204
5.7.9 Some Biomass Energy Challenges......Page 206
5.7.10 Information Deficiency......Page 207
5.7.13 Objectives of Biomass Energy Development Strategy......Page 208
5.7.14 Institutional Arrangements......Page 209
5.7.15 Human Resource Development......Page 211
5.7.16 Mobilizing Financial Resources......Page 213
5.7.17 Dissemination and Awareness......Page 214
5.7.18 Quality Control......Page 215
5.7.19 Research......Page 216
5.8 Concluding Remarks......Page 217
6.1 Introductory Remarks......Page 218
6.2 Renewable Energy Research and Development......Page 225
6.2.1 Biomass Energy......Page 226
6.2.3 Wind Energy......Page 227
6.2.4 Research and Development......Page 228
6.3 Impact of Energy Use on The Environment......Page 229
6.3.1 Energy Contribution to CO[sub(2)] Emission in Kenya......Page 230
6.3.2 Measures and Options......Page 235
6.4 Concluding Remarks......Page 237
7 Options and Challenges......Page 238
7.1 Human Resource Development......Page 241
7.2 Biomass: The Challenges......Page 245
7.3 Solar Energy Applications: The Constraints......Page 252
7.4 Wind Energy Challenges......Page 258
7.5 Small Hydropower Systems......Page 260
7.6 Municipal Waste......Page 263
7.7 Policy Issues......Page 264
7.8 Concluding Remarks......Page 273
8 The Way Forward......Page 274
8.1 Some Guidelines......Page 281
8.2 Concluding Remarks......Page 291
Appendix: Energy Units and Conversion Factors......Page 292
References......Page 294
B......Page 298
E......Page 299
G......Page 300
L......Page 301
P......Page 302
S......Page 303
T......Page 304
Z......Page 305
