Energy for the Skin: Effects and Side-Effects of Lasers, Flash Lamps and Other Sources of Energy

Foreword by Professor Metelmann
Foreword by Doctor Strömer and Doctor Schlette
Foreword by Professor Kunte
Preface to the First Edition
Acknowledgment
Contents
Contributors
About the Publisher
Curriculum Vitae Dr. med. Gerd Kautz
Abbreviations
Part I: Theoretical Part
1: The History of the Laser
1.1 Stimulated Emission
1.2 MASER (Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation)
1.3 LASER (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation)
1.4 Laser in Dermatology and Aesthetic Medicine
Fractionated Laser Therapy
Picosecond Laser
Intense Pulsed Light (IPL)
1.5 Historical Overview
Conclusion
Suggested Reading
2: Laser Therapy in Dermatology and Aesthetic Medicine: Side Effects, Complications, and Treatment Errors
2.1 Side Effects and Complications
Neodymium-Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (Nd:YAG) Laser (1064 nm)
Ruby Laser (694 nm)
Alexandrite Laser (755 nm)
CW Argon Lasers (488 and 514 nm)
Pulsed Dye Laser (577/585/590/595/600 nm)
CO2 Laser (10,600 nm)
Erbium:YAG Laser (2,940 nm)
Copper Vapor/Copper Bromide Lasers (511/578 nm)
Krypton Lasers (520, 530, and 568 nm)
2.2 Contraindications to Laser Therapy
Nevus Cell Nevi
Chloasma
2.3 Commercial Marketing of Laser Therapy
2.4 Liability Problems
2.5 Quality Criteria and Quality Assurance
2.6 Note
Conclusion
Suggested Reading
3: Avoiding Side Effects and Complications in Laser Applications
3.1 Parameters Determining Therapy
Skin Type/Tanning Degree
Energy Density
Wavelength
Beam Diameter
Pulse Duration
Pulse Shape
3.2 Practical Aspects
Cooling
Implementation
Pre-/Posttreatment
3.3 Management of Treatment Errors
Patient Selection
Information
Intervals
Test Treatment
3.4 Errors and Complications
Conclusion
4: Postgraduate Education to Assure Quality Standards of Photonic Treatment
4.1 Diploma in Aesthetic Laser Medicine (DALM)
4.2 Plasma & Aesthetic Laser Medicine (PALM)
Content
Target Group
Curriculum
Examination
Degrees
Teaching Body
Tuition Fees
4.3 Conclusion
Suggested Reading
5: Training Concept for Laser, IPL, and Other Optical Radiation Sources
5.1 Training Prerequisites
5.2 Theory (Technical Knowledge)
Physics and Equipment Science
Physical Basics
Laser-Tissue Interactions
Cooling
Photodocumentation of Treatment Results
Hygiene
Patient Consultation and Counselling
Avoidance of Complications
Skin General
Biology
Efflorescence Theory (Reliable Command of the Description of Findings)
Special Features of Systemic Diseases or Special Skin Conditions or Physiological Changes
Detection of Inflammatory Skin Changes
Systemic Diseases with Skin Involvement
Pathogen-Related Skin Diseases
Skin Tumors
Hypersensitivity Reactions of the Skin and Allergies
Autoimmune Diseases for Detection as Exclusion Diagnoses
Sebaceous Gland Disease (Including the Basic Forms of Treatment)
Vessels, Vascular Diseases, and Diseases with Vascular Involvement
Typical Vascular Diseases
Hair Follicles and Diseases
Physiology of Chromophores
Light-Related Diseases/Photodermatoses
Virus Infections
Skin Tumors in Particular
Benign Tumors and Organoid Nevi
Precancerous and Malignant Tumors
Skin: Acne and Acne Scars
Light-Based Therapies That Act on Connective Tissue and Sebaceous Glands
Photodynamic Therapy
Skin: Scars, Keloids, and Stretch Marks
Scar types
Pretherapeutic Assessment of the Patient
Posttherapeutic Care
Skin: Wrinkles (Partly Overlaps with Scar Therapies)
Classic Resurfacing and Subsurfacing
Fractionated Ablative and Non-ablative Lasers
Periorbital Folds
Alternatives/Additions to Ablative Laser Treatments
Skin: Fatty Tissue (Sweat Glands)
Laser-Assisted Liposuction (Laser Adipocytolipolysis)
Skin: Chromophore Melanin/Pigments
Benign Hyperpigmentations
Tattoos and Other Dyschromias
Vitiligo and Other Hypopigmentations
Laser and Light Depilation for Unwanted Hair Growth
Skin: Chromophoric Hemoglobin
Endoluminal Laser Therapy for Varicosis
Special Application Areas of IPL Technology
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
Experimental Laser Techniques
Malpractice
Economic Aspects
5.3 Practice (Expertise)
Proof of Expertise
Expertise
Certificate of Competence
Requirement of Device-Specific Training (Analogous to Specialist Standard)
Further Training
Ethics
Legal Basis
Occupational Health and Safety
Device Safety (Maintenance, Requirement for Med. CE Devices)
5.4 Population Register
Conclusion
Suggested Reading
Part II: Legal Basis
6: Personal Qualification of the User
6.1 Reservation of Doctor’s Rights in Accordance with the Requirements of the Heilpraktikergesetz (Law on Alternative Practitioners)
Further Qualification Requirements by the NiSG
What Does this Mean in Concrete Terms for Laser and IPL Technology? What Are the Decisive Parameters Here?
6.2 Typical Applications of Lasers and IPL Devices
Removal of Pigmented Marks
Removal of Warts
Removal of Dilated Skin Vessels
Removal of Tattoos
Removal of Hair (Epilation)
6.3 Delegation to Nonmedical Staff
6.4 State of the Case Law
6.5 Conclusion
7: Patient Education and Implementation of Legislation
7.1 Legal Basis in the Patients’ Rights Act
7.2 Treatment Contract and Relationship
7.3 Patient Education
Time
Implementation and Documentation
Dispensability
Content and Scope
7.4 Economic Education
7.5 Education of Minors
7.6 Documentation of the Treatment
Inspection of the Patient File
7.7 Burden of Proof in Case of Liability
Conclusion
Suggested Reading
8: Legal Framework
8.1 Law for Protection against Nonionizing Radiation in Human Applications (NiSG)
8.2 Ordinance on the Protection of Employees from the Hazards of Artificial Optical Radiation (Ordinance on Artificial Optical Radiation – OStrV)
8.3 Technical Rules as OStrV Implementation Guidelines for Laser Protection
8.4 Technical Rule for the Ordinance on Industrial Safety and Health in Artificial Optical Radiation – TROS/Incoherent Optical Radiation (IOS)
General Information
Assessment of Hazards Arising from Incoherent Optical Radiation TROS IOS Part 1
Measurements and Calculations of Exposures to Incoherent Optical Radiation TROS IOS Part 2
Measures to Protect against Hazards Arising from Incoherent Optical Radiation TROS IOS Part 3
Risk Assessment (§ 3 OStrV)
8.5 Act on Medical Devices (Medical Devices Act – MPG)
8.6 Ordinance on the Installation, Operation, and Use of Medical Devices (Medical Devices Operator Ordinance – MPBetreibV)
Functional Testing of Medical Devices/Instructions
Keeping a Medical Device Book
Creating an Inventory List
Implementation of Safety and Metrological Controls
Immediate Availability of Instructions for Use for the User
8.7 Second Ordinance to Amend Medical Device Regulations
8.8 Ordinance on the Identification, Assessment, and Prevention of Risks Associated with Medical Devices (Medical Device Safety Plan Ordinance – MPSV)
Toxic or Infectious Substances
Conclusion
Suggested Reading
9: Legal Conditions in Switzerland
9.1 Conclusion
Part III: Laser, IPL and Other Energy Sources
10: Understanding the Biological Effects of Ablative and Non-Ablative Laser Systems in the Skin as Key to Avoiding Complications
10.1 Biological Effects of Laser Treatment on the Human Skin
Ablative CO2 Laser
Er:YAG Ablative Laser
Non-Ablative Er:Glass Laser
Bottom Line
Suggested Reading
11: The Flashlamp-Pumped Pulsed Dye Laser: Energy/Effects/Side Effects
11.1 Flashlamp-Pumped Short-Pulsed Dye Laser with 585 Nm (595 Nm)/450 μs (“Flashlamp-Pumped Pulsed Dye Laser,” FPDL)
Short Description of the Device Type
Application Areas
Device Type, Physical Principles, and Mode of Action
Treatment and Course of Therapy
11.2 Long- and Superlong-Pulsed Dye Lasers (PDL Lasers)
Brief Description of the Device Type
Fields of Application
Device Type, Physical Principles, and Mode of Action
Treatment and Course of Therapy
11.3 Selection of Current Dye Laser Models
Cynergy MPX and Dye and Nd:YAG Combination Laser with Multiplex Technology
Candela-Vbeam Perfecta
Synchro VasQ
11.4 Prerequisites for Practical Use
Personal User Requirements
11.5 Contraindications
11.6 Security Measures (General and Specific Optical)
Necessary Equipment, Space, Size, Protective Goggles
Safety Measures Due to Optical Hazards Due to the Use of Dye Lasers
Technical Rules for the Ordinance on Industrial Safety and Health Concerning Artificial Optical Radiation (TROS Laser Radiation)
Dangers to Eyesight
Injuries to the Eye
Technical Rules for the Occupational Health and Safety Ordinance on Artificial Optical Radiation (TROS Laser Radiation)
11.7 Selected Reports, Case Studies, and Studies on the Possible Side Effects of Dye Lasers
Preliminary Remark
Ulceration and Loss of Breast Implants
Scar Sarcoidosis
Increase in the Rate of Adverse Reactions with Increased Preoperative Redness and Pigmentation
Hyperpigmentation (Fig. 11.3)
Recurrence and Darkening of Treated Nevi Flammei
Neo-Angiogenesis and Revascularization as Counterproductive PDL Side Effects
Topical Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Against VEGFR for the Suppression of PDL-Induced Neo-Angiogenesis
Bubble Formation in 45.9% Treated Hemangiomas
Side Effect Statistics for 500 Vascular Patients
Fire Hazard, Risk of Ignition, Origin of Fire
Generalized Ulcerative Sarcoidosis
Blindness
Collected Adverse Drug Reactions
Leopard Pattern, Pigment Disorders, and Matting
Side Effects in 100 Consecutive Port-Wine Stain Patients
Crusts, Pigmentation Disorders, Purpura
Scarring, Keloid Formation
Scar Ulcer, Ulcerated Keloid After Dye Laser Therapy by a Nonmedical User (Kardorff, Own, Hitherto Unpublished Casuistry) (Fig. 11.2)
11.8 Handling and Dealing with Side Effects
Possibilities and Worth Noting for Minimizing Side Effects and Possible Errors and for Avoiding Risks
Recommendations for Posttreatment
Handling of and Behavior in the Event of Side Effects
Bottom Line
Suggested Reading
Fachliteratur zu Abschnitt 11.1
Zusätzliche Literatur für Nicht-Dermatologen zu Abschnitt 11.1
Fachliteratur zu den Abschnitten 11.2 und 11.3
Einführende und informative Literatur für Nicht-Dermatologen zu den Abschnitten 11.2 und 11.3
Fachliteratur zu den Abschnitten 11.4 bis 11.8
12: Nd:YAG Laser Therapy
12.1 Brief Description of the Method
12.2 Indications
12.3 Physical and Medical Basics
12.4 Practical Implementation
Vascular Treatment
Pretreatment
Treatment Process
Parameter Selection
Pre-Treatment (Pre-Cooling)
Test Treatment
Treatment
Posttreatment (Post-Cooling)
Healing Process and Restrictions After Treatment
Continuation of Treatment
Epilation Treatment
Pretreatment
Field Marking
Anesthesia
Lubricant
Treatment Process
Parameter Selection
Pre-Cooling/Sample Treatment
Treatment
Posttreatment
Cooling
Course of Treatment/Restrictions After Treatment
Continuation of Treatment
Hypertrophic Sebaceous Glands and Xanthelasma/Xanthoma
Viral Warts
12.5 Contraindications, Contraindications
Vascular Contraindications
Contraindications for Photoepilation
Fatty Tissue Neoplasms or Deposits
12.6 Side Effects
Side Effects of Vascular Treatment
Side Effects of Hair Removal
Side Effects During Treatment of Fatty Tissues
Side Effects During Treatment of Warts
12.7 Information and Consent
12.8 Equipment
Treatment Room
12.9 Protective Measures
Cooling
Safety Goggles
12.10 Evaluation of the Nd:YAG Laser in the Clinical Context
12.11 Instructions for Learning the Method
Conclusion
Suggested Reading
Aktuelle Übersichtsartikel und wissenschaftliche Publikationen
Empfohlene Lehrbücher
Empfohlene Zeitschriften
13: Quality-Switched Ruby Laser
13.1 Brief Description
13.2 List of Indications
13.3 Physical and Medical Basics
13.4 Treatment and Course of Therapy
13.5 Improving the Effectiveness of Laser Tattoo Treatments by Multiple Treatments or Combinations of Different Laser Systems in a Single Session
13.6 Contraindications
13.7 Side Effects
13.8 Evaluation of the Medical/Diagnostic Results for the Individual Indications
13.9 Notes on Learning the Method
13.10 Note from the Author
Conclusion
Suggested Reading
14: Erbium:YAG Laser (Er:YAG Laser)
14.1 Brief Description
14.2 List of Indications
14.3 Physical and Medical Basics
14.4 Treatment Planning, Execution, and Course of Treatment
14.5 Ablative Fractional Laser Therapy (AFXL), Laser-Assisted Drug Delivery and Power PDT
14.6 Contraindication
14.7 Side Effect
14.8 Evaluation of the Medical/Diagnostic Results for the Individual Indications
14.9 Notes on Learning the Method
Conclusion
Suggested Reading
15: CO2 Laser: Its Application Possibilities
15.1 Technical Principles
15.2 Ablative Laser Skin Resurfacing (LSR)
15.3 Use as Surgical Instrument
15.4 Indications/Contraindications
Medical Indications
Aesthetic Indications
Medical and Aesthetic Indications
Laser-Assisted Blepharoplasty in Combination with T-LSR and/or F-LSR
Contraindications
15.5 Course of Treatment
Patient Education and Pre-Treatment
Treatment Procedure
Treatment Steps
Treatment Parameters
15.6 Immediate Postoperative Treatment
After T-LSR
Covering of the Lasered Skin with Semiocclusive Dressing
After F-LSR
15.7 Risks/Sources of Error/Adverse Effects
15.8 Special Features of the Ultra-Pulsed CO2 Laser Device
15.9 Equipment in Practice and Clinic
15.10 Billing Information
15.11 Further Training
Conclusion
Suggested Reading
16: Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) Technology
16.1 Technology
16.2 Indications
16.3 Fundamentals of Medical Application
16.4 Practical Implementation
Pretreatment
Treatment Procedure
Posttreatment
16.5 Side Effects
16.6 Contraindications
16.7 Necessary Equipment for Operating IPL Systems
16.8 Combination of IPL Devices with Other Laser Systems Using the Example of M22™
Universal IPL™ with Optimal Pulse Technology (OPT™) (Table 16.1)
Multi-Spot™ Nd:YAG (Table 16.2)
ResurFX™ (Fractionating, Non-Ablating Laser Handpiece for the Treatment of Striae, Wrinkles, and Scars)
16.9 Evaluation of the Medical-Therapeutic Results for the Individual Indications
Conclusion
Suggested Reading
17: Energy-Based Devices: Radiofrequency and High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound
17.1 RadioFrequency
Bipolar RadioFrequency
Multipolar Selective Radiofrequency
Fractionated RadioFrequency
Indications
Body Contouring
Skin Rejuvenation
Acne Vulgaris
Cellulite
Acne Scars and Striae
Implementation
Preoperative Pretreatment
Complications
Posttreatment
17.2 High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU)
Indications
Implementation
Risks
17.3 HIFU and RF Combinations (Table 17.1)
Comparison of Thermage, Fraxel Laser, and Fractionated CO2 Laser
Conclusion
Suggested Reading
HIFU
18: Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)
18.1 Basic Principle
18.2 Photosensitizers
18.3 Fluorescence Diagnostics
18.4 Light Sources
18.5 Practical Implementation
18.6 Side Effects
18.7 Indications
Actinic Keratoses and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer (NMSC)
Esthetics
Acne Vulgaris
Sclerosing Skin Diseases
Granulomatous Diseases
Onychomycosis
Bottom Line
Suggested Reading
19: Laser-Assisted Photodynamic Therapy
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Epidemiology of Light Skin Cancer
19.3 Supply Options for Light Skin Cancer
19.4 Laser-Assisted Drug Delivery
19.5 Fractional Photothermolysis
19.6 Laser-Assisted Drug Delivery
19.7 The Evolution of PDT
Classical Photodynamic Therapy of the Skin
Daylight PDT
Laser-Assisted PDT
Laser-Assisted Daylight PDT
Laser-Assisted Artificial Daylight PDT
Onychomycosis, Nail Psoriasis, and Nail Dystrophy
19.8 Conclusion
References
Suggested Reading
20: Phototherapy for Dermatological Diseases
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Visible Light
20.3 Blue Light
Blue Light Therapy for Inflammatory Skin Diseases
20.4 Conclusion
Suggested Reading
Part IV: Special Energy Applications in Medicine and Aesthetics
21: Topical and Systemic Therapy of Rosacea
21.1 Epidemiology
21.2 Pathogenesis
21.3 Clinical Picture
21.4 Topical Therapy
Topical Nondrug Therapy
General Measures
Skin Cleansing and Care
Chemical Peeling
Topical Drug Therapy
Off-Label Therapy Options
21.5 Systemic Therapy
Tetracyclines, Doxycyclines
Off-Label: Macrolide Antibiotics
Metronidazole
Retinoids
Beta-Blocker, Carvedilol
Dapsone
Ivermectin
Further Active Substances for Systemic Rosacea Therapy
21.6 Special Therapy of Individual Forms of Rosacea
Ocular Rosacea
Childhood Rosacea
21.7 Conclusion
21.8 Laser and IPL Therapy of Rosacea
Light Sources
Treatment Before Laser and/or IPL
Cooling the Skin During IPL and Laser Treatments
Pretreatment
Posttreatment with Laser and IPL
Results
Discussion and Conclusion
21.9 Conclusion
Suggested Reading
22: Current Status of Hemangioma and Malformation Therapy
22.1 Hemangiomas
22.2 Vascular Malformations
Naevus Flammeus (Port-Wine Stain)
22.3 Conclusion
23: Tattoo Removal
23.1 Laser Systems
23.2 Reconnaissance
23.3 Therapy Performance
23.4 Risks and Dangers
Conclusion
Suggested Reading
24: Photoepilation
24.1 Fundamentals
Biological Basics
24.2 Hair Cycle
24.3 Influence of Individual Factors on Treatment Frequency
24.4 Overview of the Systems Used
24.5 Side Effects
24.6 Indications
Mainly Cosmetic
Predominantly Medical
Iatrogens
24.7 Contraindications
24.8 Preparation of Photoepilation
Anamnesis and Clinical Examination
Reconnaissance
Treatment
24.9 Transsexuality
Procedure
Accounting
24.10 Conclusion
Suggested Reading
25: Laser Treatment of Scars
25.1 Scar Types
Immature Scars
Mature Scars
Linear Hypertrophic Scars
Flat Hypertrophic Scars
Keloids
Atrophic Scars
25.2 Fundamentals of Physiological and Pathological Scar Formation
Physiological Scarring
Pathological Scarring
25.3 Laser Technologies in Scar Therapy
Ablative Lasers
Non-ablative Lasers
25.4 Possible Applications
Mature Scars
Immature Scars
Linear Hypertrophic Scars
Large Hypertrophic Scars
Keloids
Atrophic Scars
Acne Scars
Striae Distensae
25.5 Conclusion
Suggested Reading
26: Ultrapulse Fractional CO2 Treatment of Severe Burn Scars
26.1 Introduction
26.2 The Role of Lasers in Scar Management
26.3 An Overview on the Science Behind the Ultrapulse Fractional CO2 Procedure
26.4 The Ultrapulse Fractional CO2 Procedure on Severe Burn Scars
Pre-op Evaluation and Setup
The Procedure
Post-op Management
26.5 Adverse Events
26.6 The Future
Suggested Reading
27: Striae Distensae
27.1 Etiology and Pathogenesis
27.2 Evaluation of Striae Distensae
27.3 Management
Non-energy-Based Treatments
Non-laser, Energy-Based Treatments
Full-Beam Laser Treatments
Fractional Ablative Laser Treatments
Fractional Non-ablative Laser Treatments
27.4 Our Approach to Stretch Marks
The Procedure
Adverse Events and Their Management
Tip and Tricks
Dark-Skinned Patients
27.5 Conclusion
Suggested Reading
28: Non-ablative Erbium: YAG “SMOOTH” Mode Laser for Intravaginal Application
28.1 Medical and Physical Basics
28.2 Genitourethral Dysfunctions
28.3 Indications
Relative Indications
28.4 Practical Implementation
Preparation
Equipment
Necessary Instruments
Optional
Optical Security Measures
General Safety Precautions
Execution of Treatment and Course of Therapy
Recommendations for Post-treatment
Contraindications
Reduced Effect
Special Indication Test
Possible Side Effects
Selection of Current Intravaginal Erbium:YAG Therapy Procedures and Devices
Evaluation of the Method for Each Indication
Requirements for the Practical Use of Non-ablative Er:YAG Therapy
28.5 Notes on Learning the Method
Conclusion
29: Hair Transplantation with the Hair Robot
29.1 Short Description of Hair Transplantation
Definition
Autologous Redistribution
Hair Wreath: Donor Area
Rare Donor Areas
Recipient Area
Rare Recipient Areas
Operative Alternatives to Hair Transplantation
Medical Basics
Follicular Unit (Fig. 29.2)
Evaluation of the Head Hairs on the Patient
Position of the Operation Indication
Donor Potential and Donor Area (Fig. 29.3)
Hair Shave
Receiver Tubules
Local Anesthesia and Tumescence
29.2 Division of Hair Root Transplantation into the Following Processes
Removal of the Hair Root Groups
Supplement to (A) Strip Removal, Preparation, and Separation at the Microscope
For (B) Direct Punctiform Single Sampling and FUE Technique
Preparation, Intermediate Storage, Check, and Analysis of the Follicular Units
Preparation of the Recipient Area
Insertion of Hair Root Transplants (Fig. 29.5)
Time Window
29.3 Indications
29.4 Physical and Medical Basics
29.5 Practical Implementation of Hair Transplantation
Preparation of the Patient
Preparation of the Robot
Positioning of the Patient on the Robot
Actual Drilling or Punching Process
Removal of Follicular Units
Check and Sorting of Follicular Units
Preparation of the Recipient Area
Transplantation of Follicular Units
Final Discussion and Temporary Dressing
29.6 Contraindications and Contraindications
Too Great a Mismatch Between Donor and Recipient Area
29.7 Side Effects and Their Treatment and Enlightenment Notes
General
Special Side Effects and Side Effects
Reconnaissance Instructions
29.8 Necessary Equipment
29.9 Protective Measures
29.10 Complications
Early Complications
Late Complications
Therapy for Skin Necrosis
29.11 Notes on Learning the Method
Conclusion
Suggested Reading
30: Body Contouring with Cryolipolysis and Shock Wave
30.1 Operating Principle Shock Wave
30.2 Principle of Action of Cryolipolysis
30.3 Treatment Procedure
30.4 Treatment Documentation
30.5 Side Effects
30.6 Contraindications
Conclusion
Suggested Reading
31: Therapy of Hyperhidrosis with Laser and Other Energy Systems
31.1 Definition of Hyperhidrosis
Primary and Secondary Hyperhidrosis
31.2 Pathophysiology of Hyperhidrosis
31.3 Older Treatment Strategies of Hyperhidrosis
31.4 Lasers and Other Energy Systems for the Treatment of Hyperhidrosis
Tap Water Iontophoresis (LWI)
Laser
Externally Applicable Laser Systems
Fiber-Based Laser Systems
Radiofrequency Thermo Therapy (RFTT)
Microwave Thermotherapy (MTT)
31.5 Conclusion
Suggested Reading
32: Aesthetic Plasma Medicine
32.1 Introduction
32.2 Plasma Effect
Plasma Jet
32.3 Aesthetic Indications
Infected and Poorly Healing Wounds
Wound Areas at Risk of Infection
Aging Skin
32.4 Practice
Conclusion
Suggested Reading
Part V: Side Effects of Skin Treatments
33: Side Effects: A Worldwide Literature Search
33.1 Organs Concerned: Skin and Eye
Eye
Skin
Skin: Co-treatment of Melanocytic Nevi
33.2 Type of Side Effects (Parameter Selection, User Error, Device Error)
33.3 Literature on Side Effects: Difficulties in Assessing the Data Collected
33.4 Literature Complications/ Eyes
33.5 Literature Complications/ Skin
Conclusion
Suggested Reading
Part VI: Management of Energy Therapy on the Skin
34: Photo Documentation and Digital Skin Analysis for Medical/Aesthetic Procedures
34.1 Documentation of Findings
34.2 Photo Documentation
Short Description of the Method
Indications
Basic Principles
Practical Implementation
Preparation
Photography
Therapy Recommendation
Treatment Simulation
Photo Documentation
Necessary Equipment and Equipment Costs
Staff
Expenditure of Time
Premises
Material Requirements
34.3 Special Features of Individual Devices
FotoFinder Adonia®
34.4 Evaluation of the Medical and Diagnostic Results for the Individual Indications
34.5 Accounting Information
Conclusion
Suggested Reading
35: Cooling Techniques
35.1 Cooling Method
Overview
Contact Cooling
Contactless Cooling
Liquid Nitrogen
Halogenated Hydrocarbons
Cold Air
Problems, Developments, and Prospects
Bottom Line
Suggested Reading
36: Light Protection: Before and After IPL, Laser, and PDT Treatments
36.1 Principles of Photoprotection
Recommendations on Exposure Behavior
Textile Light Protection
Dermocosmetic Light Protection
Determination of the Light Protection Factor
Filter Substances
36.2 UV Protection and Photocarcinogenesis
36.3 UV Light Protection and Photoaging
36.4 UV Light Protection and Photodermatosis
36.5 Phototoxic and Allergic Reactions
36.6 Postinflammatory Hyperpigmentation
36.7 Post-interventional External Therapy
Conclusion
Suggested Reading
37: Safety Check and Maintenance: Or why Maintenance of a Laser Device Makes Good Sense
37.1 Measurement of Laser Energy
37.2 Cooling
37.3 Effects of Missing Maintenance Work
37.4 Maintenance Work by the User
Conclusion
Suggested Reading
38: Side Effects and Complications of Lasers and IPL
38.1 Introduction
38.2 Complications Caused by Laser Radiation and Smoke Particles
Eye Injury
Smoke Particle Inhalation
38.3 Side Effects and Complications of Laser Treatment
Reddening
Swelling and Edema
Purpura
Pigment Disorders
Bubble and Crust Formation
Scars
Infections
Color Change and Allergic Reaction to Tattoos
Development of Pseudomelanomas
Paradoxical Effects After Hair Treatment
38.4 Summary
Suggested Reading
Appendix A
A.1. on Chapter 5
Index