Energy and Exergy for Sustainable and Clean Environment, Volume 2

Contents
Wind Energy Technologies
A Novel Fuzzy Logic-Controlled Vienna Rectifier to Extract Maximum Power in the Grid-Connected Wind Energy System Applications
1 Introduction
2 Basic Principle of Wind Energy Conversion System
2.1 Mathematical Modelling of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG)
3 Operating Principle of Three-Phase/Three-Level/Three-Switch Vienna Rectifier
4 Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques in Wind Energy Systems
5 Proposed Controller Scheme
6 Experimental Validation
7 Results and Discussion
8 Conclusion
References
Performance Analysis of UPFC and DPFC in a Grid-Integrated Hybrid Solar–Wind System
1 Introduction
2 System Description
2.1 Photovoltaic System
2.2 Wind Energy System
3 Unified Power Flow Controller
3.1 UPFC Shunt Controller
3.2 UPFC Series Controller
4 Distributed Power Flow Controller
4.1 DPFC Shunt Controller
4.2 DPFC Series Controller
5 Results and Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Design and Fabrication of a Lighter than Air Wind Turbine
1 Introduction
2 Design Inspiration
3 Generator Selection and Output
3.1 Generator Selection
3.2 Generator Output
4 Transmission Mechanism
4.1 Shaft and Platform
4.2 Structural Analysis of the Shaft
5 Windspeed Calculations and Baloon Sizing
5.1 Windspeed Calculations
5.2 Weight Estimation and Baloon Sizing
6 Wing Design
7 Fabrication
7.1 Material Selection
7.2 Fabrication
8 Fabrication
9 Future Scope
Analysis of Different Geometrical Impacts on Wind Turbine Blades
1 Introduction
2 Different Shaped Edges for Improving the Performance of Wind Turbine
3 Innovative Blade Shapes for Improving the Efficiency
4 Performance Analysis of Composite Blades to Improve Their Characteristics
5 Role of Profiles on Wind Turbine Blades
6 Proposed Modification on Wind Turbine Blades
7 Results and Discussion
7.1 Performance of Standard National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) 4415
7.2 Standard NACA 4415 Profile with the Hole at the Tip
7.3 Standard NACA 4415 Profile with Material Reduction at the Tip
8 Conclusion
References
Intelligent Control-Based Effective Utilization of Renewable Energy Sources
1 Introduction
2 Proposed Method
2.1 Simulation Model for Batter Management System (BMS)
2.2 Intelligent Control Hardware Model
3 Conclusion
References
Hybrid Renewable Power Production on Unfavorable Conditions—A Review
1 Introduction
2 Wind Turbines Classifications
2.1 Horizontal Axis Upwind Turbines
2.2 Horizontal Axis Downwind Turbines
2.3 Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines
2.4 Darrieus Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines
2.5 Savonius Vertical Wind Turbine
3 Unconventional Wind Turbines
3.1 Savonius Wind Turbine
3.2 Wind-Lens Turbine
3.3 INVELOX Turbine
4 Solar Power Generation
5 Effects of Wind and Solar Using Together as the Hybrid Source for Power Generation
6 Conclusion
References
Advanced IC Engine Studies
Performance and Emission Studies of Waste Vegetable Oil as Blends with Diesel and Kerosene—An Economic Route for Valorizing Liquid Waste
1 Introduction
1.1 Various Utilization Routes of WVO
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Formulation of D-WVO and K-WVO Fuels
2.2 Experimental Setup
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Properties of Various Fuels
3.2 Engine Performance Analysis
3.3 Engine Emission Analysis
3.4 Economic Aspects of Utilizing WVO Blends
4 Conclusions
References
Combustion, Performance and Emission Analysis of VCR Diesel Engine Using Water Emulsion in Flaxseed-Based Biodiesel Blend
1 Introduction
2 Preparation of Biodiesel Blend
3 Experimental Setup
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Specific Fuel Consumption
4.2 Brake Thermal Efficiency
4.3 Nitrogen Oxide (NOx)
4.4 Hydrocarbon
4.5 Carbon Dioxide
4.6 Smoke Opacity
5 Combustion Analysis
5.1 Crank Angle Versus Pressure
5.2 Net Heat Release
6 Conclusion
References
Analysis of Cyclic Variations and Combustion Behavior of Liquid Phase Hydrocarbons Under Uniform Axial and Radial Magnetic Fields
1 Introduction
2 Description of Experimental Rig and Instrumentation
3 Analysis of Combustion Parameters and Combustion Stability
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Combustion Characteristics Under Axial Magnetization Pattern
4.2 Combustion Characteristics Under Radial Magnetization Pattern
5 Conclusions
References
Combustion, Noise and Vibrational Analysis of Linseed Biodiesel Fuelled Engine
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusions
References
Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emissions of HCCI Engine Using Kusum Oil Biodiesel Blends
1 Introduction
2 Biodiesel Production
2.1 Kusum Oil Extraction
2.2 Preparation of KME
3 Experimental Setup
3.1 Test Engine
3.2 Air Heater
3.3 Fuel Injection System
3.4 In-Cylinder Injector
3.5 Port Fuel Injector
3.6 Measurement of Load and Speed
3.7 Fuel Supply Measurement
3.8 Measurement of Temperature
3.9 Experimental Procedure
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Effect of Air Temperature and Injection Pressure on Brake Thermal Efficiency
4.2 Effect of Air Temperature and Injection Pressure on NOx Emission
4.3 Effect of Air Temperature and Injection Pressure on Smoke Density
4.4 Effect of Air Inlet Temperature and Injection Pressure on CO Emission
4.5 Effect of Air Temperature and Injection Pressure on HC Emission
5 Conclusion
References
Advancement in Electrical Control Systems
Load Frequency Control in Three-Area Interconnected Power System Using PID Tuning Based on Artificial Bee Colony Optimization
1 Introduction
2 Modeling of Power System
2.1 Modeling of Speed Governing System
2.2 Turbine Model
2.3 Load-Generator Model
2.4 Objective Function
3 Artificial Bee Colony
3.1 ABC-Based PID Type of LFC
4 Results of Simulation
5 Conclusion
References
A High-Gain Non-Isolated DC–DC Boost Converter with Two-Level Output Voltage for PV Applications
1 Introduction
2 Regular Configurations of High Voltage Gain DC–DC Converter
3 NEW Configuration
4 Novel High-Gain Boost Converter
5 Simulation Work
6 Hardware Module
7 Conclusion
References
Automatic Generation Control of Hydro-Thermal Power System Using 2DOF Fractional Order PID Controller Optimized with Crow Search Algorithm
1 Introduction
2 Description of the System Model
3 Two-Degree-of-Freedom FOPID Controller
4 Crow Search Algorithm-Based Optimization Technique
5 Result and Analysis
6 Conclusion
Appendix 1
References
Design of Quasi-Oppositional-Based CSA Optimized Cascade Pi-Fractional Order PID Controller for Interconnected Power System
1 Introduction
2 Power System Modeling
3 Purposed Cascade PI-FOPID Controller
3.1 Outer Loop
3.2 Inner Loop
4 Quasi-Oppositional-Based Crow Search Algorithm (QOCSA)
5 Results and Discussion
6 Conclusion
Appendix 1: Power System Parameters
References
Optimization of the Controller Parameter to Improve the Frequency Response in the Hybrid System
1 Introduction
2 Single Area AGC Model for Small Hydrosystem
2.1 Single Area AGC Model with WECS
2.2 Controller-1 (Inertia Controller)
2.3 Controller-2 (Frequency Controller)
3 Methodology for Optimization
3.1 Problem Formulation
3.2 Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Automatic Generation Control of Multi-Area Power System
1 Introduction
2 Automatic Generation Control
2.1 AGC of a Multi-Area Power System
3 Active Disturbance Rejection Control
3.1 Design of ADRC Controller [14]
4 Tuning of PID and PI-PD Controllers
4.1 PID Controller
4.2 Cascaded PI-PD Controller
4.3 Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
5 Results and Discussions
6 Conclusion
References
Numerical Studies for Smart Systems
Numerical Simulation of Reacting Flow Field in a Solid-Propellant Ducted Rocket
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Scheme
2.1 Turbulence Model
2.2 Combustion Model
2.3 Type of Reaction
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Non-reacting Flow Field
3.2 Reacting Flow Field
3.3 Variation in Ram Duct Angles
4 Conclusion
References
Computational Study of Safe Separation of Sabot from Penetrator in APFSDS
1 Introduction
2 Model Description
3 Numerical Scheme
3.1 Continuity Equation
3.2 Momentum Equation
3.3 Energy Equation
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Aerodynamic and Moment Coefficient
5 Conclusions
References
Analysis of Bidding Strategies in Virtual Power Plant
1 Introduction
2 VPP Concept
3 Formulation of Objective Function
4 Results Analysis
5 Overall Analysis
6 Conclusion
References
DSMC Simulation of Rocket Plume Interactions with Extra-Terrestrial Regolith
1 Introduction
1.1 Motivation
1.2 Knudsen Number and Flow Regimes
1.3 Rocket Plume Interaction with Extra-Terrestrial Regolith
1.4 Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Solver: dsmcFOAM (OpenFOAM)
2 Methodology
3 Numerical Validation
3.1 Overview
3.2 Geometry and Initial Conditions
3.3 Results
4 Rocket Plume Interaction Model
4.1 Initial Conditions
4.2 Flow Field Within the Nozzle
4.3 Rocket Plume Interaction with Lunar Surface Regolith
5 Results and Discussion
6 Future Scope
References
Shock Tube Performance Studies with Argon and Carbon Dioxide Using Unsteady Numerical Simulation
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Modelling
2.1 Governing Equations
2.2 Flow Domain
2.3 Meshing
2.4 Initial and Boundary Conditions
3 Validation
4 Result
5 Conclusion
References
Simulation of Continuous Hot Air Multistage Fluidized Bed Dryer for Exergy Analysis Using Aspen Plus Simulator
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Simulation Model
2.2 Experimental Studies
2.3 Exergy Analysis
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Influence of Air Temperature on Solids Outlet Moisture
3.2 Exergy Efficiency and Exergy Losses for MFB with Air Temperature
3.3 Exergy Losses and Exergy Efficiency for MFB with Air Flow Rate
3.4 Comparison with Single Stage Fluidized Bed Dryer
3.5 Comparison with Experimental Results
4 Conclusions
References
Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis of Exhaust Gas Calorimeter
1 Introduction
1.1 Computational Fluid Dynamics
1.2 Exhaust Gas Calorimeter
2 Literature Review
3 Scope and Objective
3.1 Objectives of This Study
3.2 Scopes of the Study
4 Computational Fluid Dynamics
4.1 CFD
4.2 Advantages of CFD
4.3 Geometry Design and Meshing
5 Experimental Setup and Analysis
5.1 Experimental Setup
5.2 Meshing
5.3 Temperature Distribution
6 Result and Conclusion
References
Analysis of Internal Flow and Velocity Characteristics of Threaded Convergent Nozzle Using CFD for Abrasive Jet Application
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Scheme
2.1 Calculation of Abrasive Jet Velocity
2.2 Abrasive Jet Pressure Calculation
3 Experimental Parameters
3.1 Geometry Type I
3.2 Geometry Type II
3.3 Newly Designed Nozzle
3.4 Mesh Details and Boundary Conditions
4 Results and Discussions
4.1 Velocity Profile
4.2 Swirl Flow
5 Conclusion
References
CFD Simulation of 1.5 MW HAWT with Vortex Generator
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Vortex Generator Configuration
2.2 Mesh Generation and Boundary Conditions
2.3 Solution Method
2.4 Convergence Criteria
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Pressure Distributions
3.2 Velocity Contour
3.3 Velocity Vector
4 Conclusion
References
Design, Development, and Validation of an Intake System for an FSAE Racecar
1 Introduction
2 Restrictor
3 Plenum
4 Runner
5 Validation
6 Conclusion
References
An Efficient Lattice Boltzmann Model for 3D Transient Flows
1 Introduction
2 Numerical Analysis
3 Conduction Radiation
4 Free Convection
5 Results and Discussions
5.1 Validation with Pure 3D Transient Conductive Case
5.2 Validation with Pure 3D Radiative Case
6 Conclusions
References
2D Numerical Simulation of Downburst Simulator in the Wall of Wind
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Facility
2.1 The Wall of Wind Facility
2.2 Small-Scale Wall of Wind
3 Numerical Model Description
3.1 Objectives
3.2 Geometry
3.3 Mesh
3.4 Choice of the Numerical Model
4 Numerical Results
5 Validation
6 Improvement
7 Conclusions
References
CFD Aided Design: Case Studies
1 Introduction
2 CFD Aided Design of Dust Extraction Devices for the Wood Industry
2.1 Methodology
2.2 Results
3 CFD Aided Design of a Convective Dryer
3.1 Dryer Description
3.2 Methodology
3.3 Results
4 Conclusion
References
Advancement in Refrigeration Systems
Energy Efficient Automobile Air Conditioning System Through Effective Condenser Cooling
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Facility
2.1 Evaporative Cooler Setup
2.2 Test Rig Setup
2.3 Experimental Tests
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Condenser Exit Temperature
3.2 Heat Removal Rate
3.3 Coefficient of Performance
4 Conclusion
References
A Comparative Analysis of Solar-Assisted ORC and Refrigeration System for Supercritical Working Fluids
1 Introduction
2 Integrated Power and Refrigeration System
3 Methodology
3.1 PTSC Modeling
3.2 Thermodynamic Modeling
4 Results and Discussions
5 Conclusions
References
Thermodynamic Analysis of a Combined Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle and Organic Rankine Cycle via a Sharing Heat Exchanger
1 Introduction
2 Mathematical Modeling
2.1 Setup
2.2 A Selection of Working Fluid
2.3 Assumptions
3 Numerical Scheme
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Performance Optimization of Chiller Used for Commercial Building Air-Conditioning
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Optimization of Chiller System—Cooling Load Analysis and Retrofit
2.2 Energy Simulations by Design Builder Software
2.3 Performance Improvement with Efficient Control Strategies
2.4 Financial Studies and Carbon Analysis
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Simulation Results for the Modeled Office Building
3.2 Performance Improvement-Energy-Efficiency by Retrofit of Water-Cooled Chiller
3.3 Reduction in Overall Chiller Plant Energy Consumption with Optimized Chiller and Efficient Control Strategies
3.4 Financial Studies: Energy Cost Savings with Energy-Efficient Chiller Retrofit
3.5 Carbon Savings Analysis with Chiller Optimization
4 Conclusion
References
Exergetic Investigations of a Multistage Multi-evaporator Vapour Compression Refrigeration System
1 Introduction
2 Literature Survey
3 Exergy Analysis Methodology
4 Experimental Facility
4.1 Measurements
4.2 Calculations
5 Results and Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Experimental Analysis of Freeze Drying and Estimating the Transient Moisture Contents of Food Products
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Selection of Materials
2.2 Experimental Setup
2.3 Sample Preparation
2.4 Experiments and Calculations
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References