Energy and Exergy for Sustainable and Clean Environment, Volume 1

Contents
Solar Energy Technologies
Power Management in the Grid Integrated Solar Photovoltaic System
1 Introduction
2 Integration of SPVS with Grid
3 Generation of Reference Currents Using Symmetrical Component Theory
4 Proportional-Resonant (PR) Controller
5 Simulation Results
5.1 Case 1 (Nil Generated Power in SPVS)
5.2 Case 2 (Insufficient Generated Power in SPVS)
5.3 Case 3 (Excess Generated Power in SPVS)
6 Conclusions
References
CFD Analysis of Spiral Absorber Tube for Parabolic Solar Collector with Straight Absorber Tube
1 Introduction
2 Mathematical Modeling
2.1 Setup of the Model
2.2 Grid Independent Test
2.3 Model Validation
3 Mathematical Relationship
3.1 Governing Equation
3.2 Thermal Efficiency
3.3 Flow Analyses
3.4 Hydraulic Analysis
3.5 Exergy Efficiency
3.6 Overall Efficiency
3.7 Boundary Condition
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
MLP-BP Based Optimal Ranking of Solar Power Plant Site
1 Introduction
1.1 Site Selection
2 Parameter Selection
3 Proposed Methodology
3.1 MLP-BP Algorithm
4 Results and Discussions
4.1 MLP-BP Results
4.2 Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Numerical Investigation on Modified Solar Still by Mounting Baffle
1 Introduction
2 Problem Statement
2.1 Setup
2.2 Governing Equations
2.3 Boundary Conditions and Solution Procedure
3 Grid Independent Study
4 Results and Discussions
4.1 Validation and Computation
4.2 Performance Analysis of Solar Still at Constant Temperature Differences
4.3 Performance Analysis of Solar Still at Variable Temperature Differences
5 Conclusion
References
Exergy Analysis of a Triangular Duct Solar Air Heater with Square Ribs
1 Introduction
2 Performance Analysis of Flat Plate Solar Collector
2.1 Thermal Analysis
2.2 Exergetic Analysis
3 Analytical Study
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Exergetic Efficiency
5 Conclusion
References
Numerical Investigation of Flow and Performance Characters of Diverged Chimney Solar Updraft Tower
1 Introduction
2 Modelling and Simulation
2.1 Flow Profile and Performance Characters of System
2.2 Properties of Materials Used and Conditions
2.3 Numerical Solution Procedure
2.4 Grid Generation and Grid Independence Test
2.5 Validation
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Effect of Diverged Angle on Flow and Performance of DCSUT Plant
3.2 Influence of Tamb on Flow and Performance of DCSUT Plant
3.3 Influence of I on the Flow and Performance of DCSUT Plant
3.4 Comparative Study of DCSUT and CCSUT Plants
4 Conclusion
References
Energy Analysis of the Solar Water Heater with Secondary Reflectors
1 Introduction
1.1 Literature Review
2 Experimental Facility
2.1 Experimental Setup
3 Numerical Scheme
4 Results and Discussions
4.1 Effects of Mass Flow Rate of Fluid in Flat Plate Collector Performance
4.2 Effects of Secondary Reflector on Collector Performance
5 Conclusions
References
Design and Simulation of a Grid-Integrated Solar System PI Based on MPPT Controller Using SCA Optimized
1 Introduction
2 Literature Survey
3 Proposed System
3.1 MPPT Controller Using PI Controller
4 Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA)
5 Results and Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Design and Thermodynamic Analysis of a Concentrated Solar–Thermal-Based Multigeneration System for a Sustainable Laundry Facility
1 Introduction
2 System Description
2.1 Base Case
2.2 Solar-Driven Case
3 Thermodynamic Analysis
3.1 Energetic and Exergetic Performances
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Alternate Fuels for IC Engines
An Experimental-Based Comparative Analysis of Undi Biodesel Blends with Diesel in a DI Engine Operating with AHP Method
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Result Analysis
3.1 Variation of Brake Thermal Efficiency with Load
3.2 Variation of Unburned Hydro Carbon with Load
3.3 Variation of NOx with Load
4 Analytical Hierarchy Process
5 Conclusion
References
Application of Metamodeling in Parametric Optimization for Emission Reduction of Four-Stroke DI Diesel Engine with Refined Vegetable Oil as Fuel
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Fuel Preparation
2.2 Experimental Setup
2.3 Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
3 Materials and Methods
3.1 Analysis of the Model
3.2 Optimization
3.3 Confirmation Test
4 Conclusion
References
Prediction and Optimization of CI Engine Performance Fueled with Biodiesel–Diesel Blend Using Response Surface Methodology
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Test Fuels
2.2 Engine Facilities
2.3 Test Procedure
2.4 Response Surface Methodology
2.5 Optimization Using RSM Desirability Function
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Analysis of Variance
3.2 Interactive Effects of the Input Parameters
4 Conclusion
References
Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Ci Engine Fueled with Cottonseed Oil Blended Diesel and Additives of Kerosene
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Setup
2.2 Fuels Used
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Performance Graphs
3.2 Emission Graphs
4 Conclusion
References
Characterization of Nonedible Punnai Oil Biodiesel Derived by Two-Stage Transesterification
1 Introduction
2 Geographical Distribution of Punnai Tree and Sources of Punnai Oil
3 Preparation and Extraction of Punnai Oil
4 Materials and Equipment
5 Biodiesel Production from Punnai Oil
5.1 Pretreatment Process (Acid-Catalyzed Esterification Process)
5.2 Alkali/Base Catalyzed Transesterification Process
5.3 Post-Treatment Process
6 FAC of Punnai Oil
7 Properties and Characteristics of Punnai Oil Biodiesel
7.1 Density
7.2 Kinematic Viscosity
7.3 Flashpoint
7.4 Cetane Number
7.5 Calorific Value
7.6 Saponification Value
7.7 Free Fatty Acid
7.8 Acid Value
8 Conclusion
References
Advancement in Electrical Technologies
Are Lenses and Diffuser Important to Use in Low Wattage LED Luminaire?
1 Introduction
2 Parameters and Components of LED Luminaire
2.1 CCT
2.2 Diffusers and Lenses
3 Experimental Facility
3.1 Setup
3.2 Basic System
4 Methodology
5 Results and Discussion
5.1 Results for Comparison of Lenses
5.2 Result for Comparison of Diffusers
6 Conclusion
References
Sizing and Assessment of Different Architectures of Micro Integrated Hybrid Power System—A Case Study
1 Introduction
2 System Design
2.1 Model Area and Its Load Profile
2.2 Feasible Power Options
3 Demonstration of System Reliability
4 Simulation and Cost Optimization
5 System Architecture
5.1 Architecture-I: PV-BAT System
5.2 Architecture-II: PV-DG System
5.3 Architecture-III: PV-DG-BAT System
6 Results of Architectures
6.1 Architecture-I
6.2 Architecture-II
6.3 Architecture-III
7 Comparison Among System Architectures: Present Study and Literature
8 Conclusion
References
Impact of Energy Systems Accumulation on Power System Stability and Stabilization Methods
1 Introduction
2 Impact of Energy System Addition: A Review
2.1 Increase in Power Electronics Based Variable Renewable Energy
2.2 Introduction of Advanced Communication Devices via Smart Grids
2.3 Power Quality Issues
2.4 Transient and Dynamic Stability
2.5 Volatge Decays
2.6 Available Transfer Capability
2.7 Small Signal Stability
3 Stabilization Methods
3.1 Traditional Power System Stabilizers
3.2 Coordination of PSS with Facts Devises
3.3 Robust Control Methods
4 Results and Discussions
4.1 System Mathematical Model with Stabilizers
4.2 Stabilizers Performance
5 Conclusion
References
Fuzzy TOPSIS-Based Optimization of a Stand-Alone Hybrid Energy System for Faculty Quarters of Nit Silchar
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methodology
2.1 Materials
2.2 Methodology
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Fuzzy TOPSIS Discussions
3.2 Grey Relation Analysis Discussions
3.3 Comparative Study
4 Conclusion
References
Next-Generation Quantum Dots-Based Multijunction Photovoltaics
1 Introduction
2 Basic Principles of Multilayered QDs Based PVc
3 PVc Architecture and Material Selection
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion and Recommendations
References
Numerical Study on Thermal Performance of Radial Heat Sinks for LED Lamps
1 Introduction
2 Problem Description
3 Governing Equations
4 Boundary Conditions
5 Numerical Method
6 Results and Discussions
6.1 Velocity Vectors and Isotherms
6.2 Finned Plate
6.3 Conclusions
References
Optimization and Sensitivity Analysis of Stand-Alone Hybrid Energy System for Building of an Educational Institute
1 Introduction
2 Hybrid Renewable Energy System
3 Components of Hybrid Renewable Energy System
4 Results and Discussions
5 Conclusions
References
Power System Dynamic State Estimation with Nonlinear Filter Techniques
1 Introduction
2 Mathematical Modeling
2.1 Power System Modeling
2.2 Modeling of Linear Kalman Filter
3 Modeling of Nonlinear Kalman Filter
3.1 Modeling of Extended Kalman Filter
3.2 Modeling of Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter
4 Results and Discussions
5 Conclusions
References
Energy Meter with Real-Time Electricity Bill Prediction
1 Introduction
1.1 Present System
1.2 Proposed Add-on
1.3 Scope
1.4 Objectives
2 Simulation Circuit and Output
3 Hardware Description
4 Single Phase Energy Meter
4.1 Operation of Proposed Add-on
4.2 Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) Ciruit Explanation
4.3 Circuit Explanation
4.4 Mathematical Explanation
5 Tariff Calculation
5.1 Hardware Setup
6 Conclusion
References
Energy Modeling of EEG Signal Using the Autoregressive–Empirical Mode Decomposition Method
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Empirical Mode Decomposition
2.2 Teager Energy Operator
2.3 Autoregressive Model
3 Results and Discussions
4 Conclusions
References
Improved Exergy in Three Phase Induction Motor by Eliminating Harmonics Using Wavelet Packet Transform
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Wavelet Packet Transform
2.2 Motor Losses, Efficiency and Exergy
3 Results and Discussions
4 Conclusion
References
Electricity Production in Bioelectrochemical Devices: Impact of Separator Materials
1 Introduction
2 Separator Materials
2.1 Separator Characteristics
3 Present Status
4 Alternatives
5 Case Study
5.1 Analysis and Calculations
5.2 Results
6 Challenges and Scope
7 Conclusions
References
Energy Analysis for Smart Systems
Planning and Design of an Optimal Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Porompat Area of Manipur in North East India
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 HOMER
3.1 Simulation
3.2 Optimization
3.3 Sensitivity Analysis
4 Load Profile of the Selected Project Site
5 Numerical Scheme
6 Components and Resources
6.1 Photovoltaic Panels
6.2 Small Wind Turbine
6.3 Diesel Generator
6.4 Batteries
6.5 Converter
6.6 Solar Energy Resources
6.7 Wind Energy Resources
7 Result and Discussion
8 Conclusions
References
Synthesis of Praseodymium-Doped Ceria-Based Electrolyte Material by Hydrothermal Method
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Facility
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 X-Ray Diffraction Analysis
3.2 Raman Spectroscopy Analysis
3.3 SEM/EDX Analysis
3.4 Dilatometer Studies
4 Conclusion
References
Reducing Eco-Anxiety Among Environmentally Concerned Ethiopian People: Using Renewable Energy as a Coping Mechanism
1 Introduction
2 Review of Literature
2.1 Climate Change
2.2 Eco-Anxiety
2.3 Interaction Between Climate Change and Human Mind: Eco-Anxiety
2.4 Renewable Energy
2.5 Renewable Energy and Climate Change
3 Research Methodology
3.1 Research Design
3.2 Research Area
3.3 Methods of Sampling
3.4 Methods of Data Collection
3.5 Methods of Analysis
4 Data Analysis and Discussion
4.1 Respondents’ Attitude Toward Climate Change
4.2 Respondents’ Belief About the Role of Renewable Energy in Minimizing Eco-Anxiety
5 Conclusions
References
Thermodynamic Assessment of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Drying in Fluidized Bed Dryer
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Sample Preparation
2.2 Drying Procedure
2.3 Energy Analysis
2.4 Energy Analysis
2.5 Moisture Diffusivity and Activation Energy
3 Uncertainty Analysis
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Kinetics of Ginger Drying
4.2 Activation Energy
4.3 Thermodynamic Analysis
5 Conclusion
References
Comparative Analysis of MRAC and IMC Adaptive Control Modes for an Industrial Dryer
1 Introduction
2 Industrial Dryer
3 Device Description and Validation
4 Model Reference Adaptive Control
5 Internal Model Control
6 Results and Discussion
7 Conclusion and Future Scope
References
Experimentally Investigating the Combined Effect of Paraffin and Liquid Cooling for Battery Thermal Management System
1 Introduction
2 Battery Thermal Management System
2.1 Thermal Uniformity and Runaway
2.2 Battery
3 Methodology
3.1 Li-Ion Battery
3.2 Working Principles of Li-Ion Battery
3.3 Battery Pack
3.4 Charging and Discharging of Battery
3.5 Phase Change Material
3.6 Stainless Steel
3.7 Copper Tubes/Copper Sheets
3.8 Thermostat Temperature Sensor
3.9 Aluminium Foil
3.10 Nickel Strip
3.11 PVC Hose
3.12 Water Pump
4 Experimental Procedure
4.1 Working
5 Results and Discussion
5.1 Case 1
5.2 Case 2
5.3 Case 3
6 Conclusion
References
Kinetics Study of Convective Drying of Culantro (Eryngium Foetidum) Under Continuous, Intermittent and Partial Vacuum Conditions
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Drying Kinetics and Equilibrium Moisture Content
2.2 Analytical Modelling of Culantro Drying
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Drying Kinetics
3.2 Equilibrium Moisture Content
3.3 Analytical Modelling of Culantro Drying
4 Conclusion
References
Investigation of Blockage Effect on Pressure Drop and Forced Convective Heat Transfer from a Heated Circular Cylinder
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Problem Statement
4 Numerical Methodology
4.1 Boundary Conditions
5 Results and Discussion
5.1 Validations of Computations
5.2 Flow Patterns
5.3 Effect of Blockage Ratio on Drag Coefficient
6 Conclusion
References
Sloshing Behavior of Different Fluids in a Cylindrical Tank
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Facility
2.1 Experimental Test Rig
2.2 Sloshing Frequencies
2.3 Measurements
3 Numerical Scheme
3.1 Grid Independence Study
3.2 Validation
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Design, Topology Optimization and Fabrication of a Semi-trailing Arm for an Off-Road Vehicle Using Optistruct
1 Introduction
2 Semi-trailing Arm Suspension
2.1 Wheelbase
2.2 Track Width
3 Kinematic Analysis
4 Design
5 Topology Optimization
5.1 Optimization Result
6 Analysis
6.1 ANSYS Result of Base Design
6.2 ANSYS Result of Optimized Design
7 Fabrication and Testing
7.1 Jig Design
7.2 Testing Results
8 Results and Discussions
9 Conclusion
References
Dynamics of a Cavitation Cloud Generated by Pulsed Focused Ultrasound: Study of the Re-initialization of the Cloud at a New Pulse
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Setup
2.1 Acoustic Apparatus
2.2 Acoustic Excitation Signals
2.3 Measurement Procedure
3 Results
3.1 Bubble Cloud Measurements
3.2 Dynamics of Cloud Re-initialization as a Function of the Time-Off Between Long Pulses
3.3 Dynamics of Cloud Re-initialization as a Function of the Pulse Length
3.4 Dynamics of the Cloud for Fast Variations in the Acoustic Wave Amplitude
4 Discussion
5 Conclusions
References
Kinetic Study of Waste Tires Pyrolysis by Thermogravimetric Analysis Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) Method
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Setup and Methods
2.1 Experimental Setup
2.2 Kissenger–Akahira–Sunose KAS Model
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 ATG Results
3.2 Kinetic Modelling
4 Conclusion
References
Impact of Heat Integration from CO2 Compression on Energy Requirement and Equipment Costs in Power Plants Using Post-combustion Capture
1 Introduction
2 Compression Options Model
2.1 Boundaries’ Conditions
2.2 Assumptions
2.3 Compression Options Models
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Compression Results
3.2 Heat Integration
3.3 Equipment Costs
4 Conclusions
References
Lattice Boltzmann Equation for Axisymmetric Swirling Thermal Flows Between Two Concentric Cylinders
1 Introduction
2 LB Methods for Axisymmetric Thermal Flows with Swirling Effects
2.1 LB Scheme for Axial and Radial Velocity Fields
2.2 LB Scheme for Azimuthal Velocity Field
2.3 LB Scheme for Temperature Field
3 Device Description and Validation
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Analyzing and Modeling of Carbon Footprint and Life Cycle Assessment for a Climatic Wind Tunnel
1 Introduction
2 Description of the Climatic Wind Tunnel
2.1 Construction
2.2 Operation
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Calculation
3.2 Impact Analysis
3.3 Comparison of Results
4 Conclusion
References