Endometriosis Pathogenesis, Clinical Impact and Management: Volume 9: Frontiers in Gynecological Endocrinology

Preface
Contents
1: Endocrine Disruptors and Endometriosis Risk
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Endocrine Disruptors
1.2.1 Focus on BPA and Phthalates
1.2.2 BPA and Phthalates Mechanisms of Action
1.3 Endocrine Disruptors and Endometriosis: Literature Evidences
References
2: Metabolomic Characteristics in Endometriosis Patients
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Omics Sciences
2.3 Metabolomic Approach in the Diagnosis of Endometriosis
2.4 Metabolomic Approach in Endometriosis: Therapeutic Perspectives
References
3: Can We Diagnose Early Endometriosis with Ultrasound Rather than Laparoscopy?
3.1 Clinical Diagnosis of Endometriosis
3.1.1 Physical Examination
3.1.2 Ultrasonography
3.1.3 Dynamic Ultrasound
References
4: Neurotrophins and Cytokines in Endometriosis Pain
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Clinical Presentation
4.3 Genomics, Genetics, and Epigenetics
4.4 Pathogenesis
4.4.1 Retrograde Menstruation, Implantation, and Lesion Establishment
4.4.2 Angiogenic Factors
4.4.3 Estrogen Biosynthesis, Receptors, and Action Are Critical for Endometriosis Lesion Growth
4.4.4 Innervation of Endometriosis Implants
4.4.5 Endocrine and Cytokine Regulation of Neuroangiogenic Effects
4.4.6 Central Sensitization in Endometriosis-Associated Pain
4.5 Medical Therapy for Pain Associated with Endometriosis
4.6 Conclusions
References
5: Endometriosis-Induced Pain: The Treatment Strategy
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Pathogenesis of Endometriosis-Associated Pain
5.2.1 Peripheral Pain Mechanisms
5.2.2 Central Pain Mechanisms
5.2.3 Other Pain Mechanisms
5.3 Different Diagnosis of Pelvic Pain
5.4 Treatment of Endometriosis-Associated Pain
5.4.1 Medical Therapy
5.4.1.1 Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSDAIs)
5.4.1.2 Progestins
5.4.1.3 Danazol
5.4.1.4 Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Agonists
5.4.1.5 GnRH Antagonist
5.4.1.6 Other Medical Treatment Under Investigation
5.5 Surgical Treatments
5.6 Alternative Pain Treatments
5.7 Conclusion
References
6: Management of Endometriosis in Teenagers
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Treatment Approaches
6.1.2 Medical Treatment
6.1.3 New Pharmacological Options
6.1.4 Surgical Treatment
6.1.5 Outcome of Surgery
6.1.6 Alternative/Complementary Treatments
6.2 Conclusions
References
7: The Etonogestrel Contraceptive Implant as a Therapy for Endometriosis
References
8: Impact of Endometrioma Surgery on Ovarian Reserve
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Ovarian Reserve Markers
8.3 OMA Management
8.3.1 Cystectomy (Stripping)
8.3.2 Ablative Techniques
8.3.3 Combined Techniques
References
9: What Is the Place of Surgery of Deep Endometriosis in Infertile and Pelvic Pain Patients?
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Surgical Techniques for Colorectal Endometriosis
9.2.1 Rectal Shaving
9.2.2 Disc Excision
9.2.3 Segmental Colorectal Resection
9.3 Impact of Surgery on Fertility
9.4 Impact of Surgery on IVF Results
9.5 DIE and Ovarian Reserve: Impact on Fertility Outcomes
9.6 Impact of Surgery on Pelvic Pain
9.7 Surgery Complications and Their Consequences
9.8 Conclusion
References
10: Endometriosis and Infertility: Surgery and IVF: When, Why, and Outcomes
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Endometrial Receptivity in Endometriosis
10.3 Tubal Function in Endometriosis
10.4 Peritoneal Fluid in Endometriosis
10.5 Oocytes Quality in Endometriosis
10.6 Treatment of Endometriosis-Associated Infertility
10.7 Outcomes of Assisted Reproductive Techniques in Patients with Endometriosis-Associated Infertility
10.8 New Insights in Endometriosis Research
10.9 Conclusion
References
11: ART and Endometriosis: Problems and Solutions
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Relationship Between Endometriosis and Infertility
11.3 ART and Endometriosis
11.4 IVF Results in Endometriosis
11.5 Endometrioma and ART
11.6 Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis (DIE) and ART
11.7 Adenomyosis and ART
11.8 Which Is the Best Approach to the Infertile Endometriosis Patient Requiring IVF?
11.9 Egg Reception in Endometriosis
11.10 Fertility Preservation in Endometriosis
References
12: Morphokinetics in Embryos from Patients with Endometriosis
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 Oocyte Quality
12.1.2 Embryo Quality
12.1.3 Advantages in Technology
12.1.4 Endometriosis Versus Control (Tubal Factor Infertility)
12.1.5 Morphokinetics of Endometriotic Embryo at Time-Lapse
12.1.6 Final Consideration
References
13: Endometriosis and Cancer: Prevention and Diagnosis
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Epidemiology and Risk Factors
13.3 Pathogenesis
13.3.1 Genetic Aberrations
13.3.2 Epigenetic Factors
13.3.3 Inflammation and Hyperestrogenism
13.3.4 Oxidative Stress
13.3.5 Angiogenesis and Immune Dysregulation
13.4 Diagnosis of Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Cancer (EAOC)
13.5 Clinical Implications of Endometriosis as a Risk Factor for Cancer
13.6 Prognosis and Treatment of EAOC
13.7 Conclusion
References
14: Medical Management of Endometriosis, Present and Future with Special Reference to MHT in the Patient Previously Diagnosed ...
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Prevalence of Endometriosis
14.3 Symptoms of Endometriosis
14.4 Pathogenesis of Endometriosis
14.5 Hormonal Mechanisms Implicated in Endometriosis
14.6 Drugs Commonly Used in Endometriosis
14.6.1 Non-hormonal Drugs
14.6.1.1 Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
14.6.2 Hormonal Drugs
14.6.2.1 Combined Hormonal Contraceptives
14.6.2.2 GnRH Agonists
14.6.2.3 Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonists (GnRH Antagonists)
14.6.2.4 Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERM)
14.6.2.5 Progestogens
Dienogest (DNG)
Dydrogesterone
Medroxy Progesterone Acetate (MPA)
Levonorgestrel Containing Intrauterine System (LNG-IUS)
Selective Progesterone Receptor Modular (SPRMs)
Etonogestrel Implant
Danazol
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs)
14.7 Future Drugs
14.8 Postmenopausal Endometriosis
14.9 Conclusion
References
15: Endometriosis and Menopause: Realities and Management
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Definitions
15.3 Physiopathology
15.4 Does Endometriosis Persist After Menopause?
15.5 Role of HRT
15.6 Malignant Transformation
15.7 Dealing with It
15.8 Conclusion
References