Encyclopedia of Virology, Third Edition continues its success as the largest single reference source of current research in virology. Unique in its use of concise "mini-review" articles, this praised work covers biological, molecular, and medical topics concerning viruses in animals, plants, bacteria and insects. Now in five volumes, this new edition has been extensively revised and updated to reflect the 50% increase in identified and accepted viruses since the year 2000. With over 25% new chapters and over 1000 illustrations, this edition takes into account the new developments in virology research by including information on new emerging diseases such as avian flu, SARS and West Nile and the ability of some viruses to be used as agents of bioterrorism. Edited by leading Virologists Mahy and van Regenmortel, this third edition remains the number one all-inclusive source of information for virology researchers, students, and reference departments of academic, medical, and corporate libraries. * Extensive coverage on AIDS and HIV, viral immunology and vaccines, the economic importance and control of virus diseases, and the origin, history, evolution and phylogeny of viruses -NEW! * Four color throughout -NEW! * Sections on future perspectives that show the direction of current research* 25% NEW articles* Glossary of key terms for easy referencing* Information on viruses of human clinical interest, including the virus causing SARS -NEW!* More than 20% NEW virus classifications* The most recent information from the 8th International Committee on Taxonomy and Classification of Viruses -NEW!* Recommendations for further reading and a list of other relevant entries
Author(s): B.W.J. Mahy, M. H.V. van Regenmortel
Edition: 3
Year: 2008
Language: English
Pages: 3057
Tags: Биологические дисциплины;Микробиология и биотехнология;Вирусология;
Cover Page......Page 1
Title: Encyclopedia of Virology, Third Edition......Page 3
ISBN: 9780123739353......Page 4
EDITORS-IN-CHIEF......Page 5
ASSOCIATE EDITORS......Page 6
PREFACE......Page 7
HOW TO USE THE ENCYCLOPEDIA......Page 8
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 9
A......Page 25
B......Page 26
C......Page 27
F......Page 28
H......Page 29
I......Page 30
M......Page 31
P......Page 32
S......Page 34
T......Page 35
V......Page 36
Z......Page 37
Adenoviruses: General Features......Page 38
Adenoviruses: Malignant Transformation and Oncology......Page 46
Adenoviruses: Molecular Biology......Page 54
Adenoviruses: Pathogenesis......Page 61
African Cassava Mosaic Disease......Page 67
African Horse Sickness Viruses......Page 74
African Swine Fever Virus......Page 80
AIDS: Disease Manifestation......Page 88
AIDS: Global Epidemiology......Page 95
AIDS: Vaccine Development......Page 106
Akabane Virus......Page 113
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus......Page 118
Algal Viruses......Page 124
Allexivirus......Page 133
Alphacryptovirus and Betacryptovirus......Page 135
Anellovirus......Page 141
Animal Rhabdoviruses......Page 148
Antigen Presentation......Page 158
Antigenic Variation......Page 164
Antigenicity and Immunogenicity of Viral Proteins......Page 174
Antiviral Agents......Page 179
Apoptosis and Virus Infection......Page 191
Aquareoviruses......Page 200
Arboviruses......Page 207
Arteriviruses......Page 213
Ascoviruses......Page 223
Assembly of Viruses: Enveloped Particles......Page 230
Assembly of Viruses: Nonenveloped Particles......Page 237
Astroviruses......Page 241
Baculoviruses: Molecular Biology of Granuloviruses......Page 248
Baculoviruses: Molecular Biology of Mosquito Baculoviruses......Page 256
Baculoviruses: Molecular Biology of Sawfly Baculoviruses......Page 262
Baculoviruses: Apoptosis Inhibitors......Page 268
Baculoviruses: Expression Vector......Page 274
Baculoviruses: General Features......Page 284
Baculoviruses: Molecular Biology of Nucleopolyhedroviruses......Page 291
Baculoviruses: Pathogenesis......Page 302
Banana Bunchy Top Virus......Page 309
Barley Yellow Dwarf Viruses......Page 316
Barnaviruses......Page 323
Bean Common Mosaic Virus and Bean Common Mosaic Necrosis Virus......Page 325
Bean Golden Mosaic Virus......Page 332
Beet Curly Top Virus......Page 338
Benyvirus......Page 345
Beta ssDNA Satellites......Page 351
Birnaviruses......Page 358
Bluetongue Viruses......Page 365
Border Disease Virus......Page 372
Bornaviruses......Page 378
Bovine and Feline Immunodeficiency Viruses......Page 384
Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus......Page 391
Bovine Herpesviruses......Page 399
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy......Page 405
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus......Page 411
Brome Mosaic Virus......Page 418
Bromoviruses......Page 423
Bunyaviruses: General Features......Page 427
Bunyaviruses: Unassigned......Page 436
Cacao Swollen Shoot Virus......Page 440
Caliciviruses......Page 447
Capillovirus, Foveavirus, Trichovirus, Vitivirus......Page 456
Capripoxviruses......Page 464
Capsid Assembly: Bacterial Virus Structure and Assembly......Page 469
Cardioviruses......Page 477
Carlavirus......Page 485
Carmovirus......Page 490
Caulimoviruses: General Features......Page 494
Caulimoviruses: Molecular Biology......Page 501
Central Nervous System Viral Diseases......Page 506
Cereal Viruses: Maize/Corn......Page 512
Cereal Viruses: Rice......Page 519
Cereal Viruses: Wheat and Barley......Page 527
Chandipura Virus......Page 534
Chrysoviruses......Page 540
Circoviruses......Page 550
Citrus Tristeza Virus......Page 557
Classical Swine Fever Virus......Page 562
Coltiviruses......Page 570
Common Cold Viruses......Page 578
Coronaviruses: General Features......Page 586
Coronaviruses: Molecular Biology......Page 591
Cotton Leaf Curl Disease......Page 600
Cowpea Mosaic Virus......Page 606
Cowpox Virus......Page 611
Coxsackieviruses......Page 617
Crenarchaeal Viruses: Morphotypes and Genomes......Page 624
Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus and Other Nairoviruses......Page 633
Cryo-Electron Microscopy......Page 640
Cucumber Mosaic Virus......Page 651
Cytokines and Chemokines......Page 657
Cytomegaloviruses: Murine and Other Nonprimate Cytomegaloviruses......Page 661
Cytomegaloviruses: Simian Cytomegaloviruses......Page 671
Defective-Interfering Viruses......Page 680
Dengue Viruses......Page 684
Diagnostic Techniques: Microarrays......Page 693
Diagnostic Techniques: Plant Viruses......Page 697
Diagnostic Techniques: Serological and Molecular Approaches......Page 708
Dicistroviruses......Page 716
Disease Surveillance......Page 723
DNA Vaccines......Page 730
Ebolavirus......Page 736
Echoviruses......Page 744
Ecology of Viruses Infecting Bacteria......Page 750
Electron Microscopy of Viruses......Page 757
Emerging and Reemerging Virus Diseases of Plants......Page 765
Emerging and Reemerging Virus Diseases of Vertebrates......Page 772
Emerging Geminiviruses......Page 776
Endogenous Retroviruses......Page 784
Endornavirus......Page 788
Enteric Viruses......Page 795
Enteroviruses of Animals......Page 802
Enteroviruses: Human Enteroviruses Numbered 68 and Beyond......Page 809
Entomopoxviruses......Page 815
Epidemiology of Human and Animal Viral Diseases......Page 819
Epstein–Barr Virus: General Features......Page 827
Epstein–Barr Virus: Molecular Biology......Page 836
Equine Infectious Anemia Virus......Page 846
Evolution of Viruses......Page 853
Feline Leukemia and Sarcoma Viruses......Page 864
Filamentous ssDNA Bacterial Viruses......Page 869
Filoviruses......Page 877
Fish and Amphibian Herpesviruses......Page 884
Fish Retroviruses......Page 891
Fish Rhabdoviruses......Page 900
Fish Viruses......Page 906
Flaviviruses of Veterinary Importance......Page 913
Flaviviruses: General Features......Page 920
Flexiviruses......Page 932
Foamy Viruses......Page 938
Foot and Mouth Disease Viruses......Page 944
Fowlpox Virus and Other Avipoxviruses......Page 953
Fungal Viruses......Page 963
Furovirus......Page 970
Fuselloviruses of Archaea......Page 975
Gene Therapy: Use of Viruses as Vectors......Page 980
Genome Packaging in Bacterial Viruses......Page 985
Giardiaviruses......Page 991
Hantaviruses......Page 996
Henipaviruses......Page 1000
Hepadnaviruses of Birds......Page 1006
Hepadnaviruses: General Features......Page 1014
Hepatitis A Virus......Page 1022
Hepatitis B Virus: General Features......Page 1029
Hepatitis B Virus: Molecular Biology......Page 1039
Hepatitis C Virus......Page 1046
Hepatitis Delta Virus......Page 1054
Hepatitis E Virus......Page 1056
Herpes Simplex Viruses: General Features......Page 1062
Herpes Simplex Viruses: Molecular Biology......Page 1076
Herpesviruses of Birds......Page 1084
Herpesviruses of Horses......Page 1090
Herpesviruses: Discovery......Page 1099
Herpesviruses: General Features......Page 1109
Herpesviruses: Latency......Page 1115
History of Virology: Bacteriophages......Page 1121
History of Virology: Plant Viruses......Page 1129
History of Virology: Vertebrate Viruses......Page 1134
Hordeivirus......Page 1138
Host Resistance to Retroviruses......Page 1146
Human Cytomegalovirus: General Features......Page 1153
Human Cytomegalovirus: Molecular Biology......Page 1164
Human Eye Infections......Page 1170
Human Herpesviruses 6 and 7......Page 1177
Human Immunodeficiency Viruses: Antiretroviral Agents......Page 1184
Human Immunodeficiency Viruses: Molecular Biology......Page 1196
Human Immunodeficiency Viruses: Origin......Page 1204
Human Immunodeficiency Viruses: Pathogenesis......Page 1213
Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus......Page 1221
Human Respiratory Viruses......Page 1230
Human T-Cell Leukemia Viruses: General Features......Page 1237
Human T-Cell Leukemia Viruses: Human Disease......Page 1243
Hypovirulence......Page 1253
Hypoviruses......Page 1259
Icosahedral dsDNA Bacterial Viruses with an Internal Membrane......Page 1265
Icosahedral Enveloped dsRNA Bacterial Viruses......Page 1270
Icosahedral ssDNA Bacterial Viruses......Page 1277
Icosahedral ssRNA Bacterial Viruses......Page 1285
Icosahedral Tailed dsDNA Bacterial Viruses......Page 1294
Idaeovirus......Page 1301
Iflavirus......Page 1306
Ilarvirus......Page 1310
Immune Response to Viruses: Antibody-Mediated Immunity......Page 1320
Immune Response to Viruses: Cell-Mediated Immunity......Page 1334
Immunopathology......Page 1342
Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus......Page 1347
Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus......Page 1353
Influenza......Page 1359
Innate Immunity: Defeating......Page 1368
Innate Immunity: Introduction......Page 1375
Inoviruses......Page 1381
Insect Pest Control by Viruses......Page 1389
Insect Reoviruses......Page 1397
Insect Viruses: Nonoccluded......Page 1408
Interfering RNAs......Page 1412
Iridoviruses of Vertebrates......Page 1419
Iridoviruses of Invertebrates......Page 1425
Iridoviruses: General Features......Page 1431
Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus......Page 1439
Japanese Encephalitis Virus......Page 1446
Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus: General Features......Page 1453
Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus: Molecular Biology......Page 1459
Lassa, Junin, Machupo and Guanarito Viruses......Page 1467
Legume Viruses......Page 1476
Leishmaniaviruses......Page 1484
Leporipoviruses and Suipoxviruses......Page 1489
Luteoviruses......Page 1495
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus: General Features......Page 1502
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus: Molecular Biology......Page 1507
Lysis of the Host by Bacteriophage......Page 1512
Machlomovirus......Page 1523
Maize Streak Virus......Page 1527
Marburg Virus......Page 1536
Marnaviruses......Page 1544
Measles Virus......Page 1549
Membrane Fusion......Page 1556
Metaviruses......Page 1565
Mimivirus......Page 1575
Molluscum Contagiosum Virus......Page 1583
Mononegavirales......Page 1588
Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus......Page 1598
Mousepox and Rabbitpox Viruses......Page 1606
Movement of Viruses in Plants......Page 1612
Mumps Virus......Page 1620
Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Viruses......Page 1628
Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68......Page 1636
Mycoreoviruses......Page 1642
Nanoviruses......Page 1649
Narnaviruses......Page 1656
Nature of Viruses......Page 1662
Necrovirus......Page 1667
Nepovirus......Page 1669
Neutralization of Infectivity......Page 1677
Nidovirales......Page 1683
Nodaviruses......Page 1694
Noroviruses and Sapoviruses......Page 1702
Ophiovirus......Page 1711
Orbiviruses......Page 1718
Organ Transplantation, Risks......Page 1730
Origin of Viruses......Page 1736
Orthobunyaviruses......Page 1743
Orthomyxoviruses: Molecular Biology......Page 1747
Orthomyxoviruses: Structure of Antigens......Page 1753
Oryctes Rhinoceros Virus......Page 1759
Ourmiavirus......Page 1764
Papaya Ringspot Virus......Page 1766
Papillomaviruses: General Features of Human Viruses......Page 1773
Papillomaviruses: Molecular Biology of Human Viruses......Page 1783
Papillomaviruses of Animals......Page 1791
Papillomaviruses: General Features......Page 1799
Paramyxoviruses of Animals......Page 1805
Parainfluenza Viruses of Humans......Page 1812
Paramyxoviruses......Page 1817
Parapoxviruses......Page 1822
Partitiviruses of Fungi......Page 1828
Partitiviruses: General Features......Page 1833
Parvoviruses of Arthropods......Page 1841
Parvoviruses of Vertebrates......Page 1850
Parvoviruses: General Features......Page 1855
Pecluvirus......Page 1862
Pepino Mosaic Virus......Page 1868
Persistent and Latent Viral Infection......Page 1873
Phycodnaviruses......Page 1881
Phylogeny of Viruses......Page 1890
Picornaviruses: Molecular Biology......Page 1894
Plant Antiviral Defense: Gene Silencing Pathway......Page 1906
Plant Reoviruses......Page 1914
Plant Resistance to Viruses: Engineered Resistance......Page 1921
Plant Resistance to Viruses: Geminiviruses......Page 1929
Plant Resistance to Viruses: Natural Resistance Associated with Dominant Genes......Page 1935
Plant Resistance to Viruses: Natural Resistance Associated with Recessive Genes......Page 1942
Plant Rhabdoviruses......Page 1952
Plant Virus Diseases: Economic Aspects......Page 1962
Plant Virus Diseases: Fruit Trees and Grapevine......Page 1966
Plant Virus Diseases: Ornamental Plants......Page 1972
Plant Virus Vectors (Gene Expression Systems)......Page 1994
Plum Pox Virus......Page 2003
Poliomyelitis......Page 2007
Polydnaviruses: Abrogation of Invertebrate Immune Systems......Page 2015
Polydnaviruses: General Features......Page 2021
Polyomaviruses of Humans......Page 2026
Polyomaviruses of Mice......Page 2036
Polyomaviruses......Page 2042
Pomovirus......Page 2047
Potato Virus Y......Page 2052
Potato Viruses......Page 2061
Potexvirus......Page 2075
Potyviruses......Page 2078
Poxviruses......Page 2087
Prions of Vertebrates......Page 2095
Prions of Yeast and Fungi......Page 2101
Pseudorabies Virus......Page 2106
Pseudoviruses......Page 2117
Quasispecies......Page 2124
Rabies Virus......Page 2132
Recombination......Page 2139
Reoviruses: General Features......Page 2147
Reoviruses: Molecular Biology......Page 2155
Replication of Bacterial Viruses......Page 2164
Replication of Viruses......Page 2171
Reticuloendotheliosis Viruses......Page 2177
Retrotransposons of Fungi......Page 2184
Retrotransposons of Plants......Page 2193
Retrotransposons of Vertebrates......Page 2201
Retroviral Oncogenes......Page 2210
Retroviruses of Insects......Page 2216
Retroviruses of Birds......Page 2220
Retroviruses: General Features......Page 2224
Rhinoviruses......Page 2232
Ribozymes......Page 2240
Rice Tungro Disease......Page 2246
Rice Yellow Mottle Virus......Page 2250
Rift Valley Fever and Other Phleboviruses......Page 2255
Rinderpest and Distemper Viruses......Page 2262
Rotaviruses......Page 2272
Rubella Virus......Page 2279
Sadwavirus......Page 2288
Satellite Nucleic Acids and Viruses......Page 2291
Seadornaviruses......Page 2300
Sequiviruses......Page 2311
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)......Page 2317
Shellfish Viruses......Page 2325
Shrimp Viruses......Page 2332
Sigma Rhabdoviruses......Page 2341
Simian Alphaherpesviruses......Page 2346
Simian Gammaherpesviruses......Page 2350
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus: Animal Models of Disease......Page 2359
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus: General Features......Page 2368
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus: Natural Infection......Page 2376
Simian Retrovirus D......Page 2388
Simian Virus 40......Page 2395
Smallpox and Monkeypox Viruses......Page 2404
Sobemovirus......Page 2409
St. Louis Encephalitis......Page 2417
Sweetpotato Viruses......Page 2424
Taura Syndrome Virus......Page 2435
Taxonomy, Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses......Page 2443
Tenuivirus......Page 2458
Tetraviruses......Page 2461
Theiler’s Virus......Page 2471
Tick-Borne Encephalitis Viruses......Page 2479
Tobacco Mosaic Virus......Page 2488
Tobacco Viruses......Page 2494
Tobamovirus......Page 2502
Tobravirus......Page 2506
Togaviruses Causing Encephalitis......Page 2510
Togaviruses Causing Rash and Fever......Page 2517
Togaviruses Not Associated with Human Disease......Page 2525
Togaviruses: Alphaviruses......Page 2530
Togaviruses: Equine Encephalitic Viruses......Page 2535
Togaviruses: General Features......Page 2541
Togaviruses: Molecular Biology......Page 2550
Tomato Leaf Curl Viruses from India......Page 2558
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus......Page 2567
Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus......Page 2572
Tombusviruses......Page 2579
Torovirus......Page 2585
Tospovirus......Page 2591
Totiviruses......Page 2597
Transcriptional Regulation in Bacteriophage......Page 2608
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies......Page 2620
Tumor Viruses: Human......Page 2627
Tymoviruses......Page 2633
Umbravirus......Page 2643
Ustilago Maydis Viruses......Page 2648
Vaccine Production in Plants......Page 2655
Vaccine Safety......Page 2660
Vaccine Strategies......Page 2669
Vaccinia Virus......Page 2677
Varicella-Zoster Virus: General Features......Page 2684
Varicella-Zoster Virus: Molecular Biology......Page 2690
Varicosavirus......Page 2697
Vector Transmission of Animal Viruses......Page 2702
Vector Transmission of Plant Viruses......Page 2708
Vegetable Viruses......Page 2716
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus......Page 2725
Viral Killer Toxins......Page 2733
Viral Membranes......Page 2742
Viral Pathogenesis......Page 2748
Viral Receptors......Page 2753
Viral Suppressors of Gene Silencing......Page 2759
Viroids......Page 2766
Virus Classification by Pairwise Sequence Comparison (PASC)......Page 2776
Virus Databases......Page 2782
Virus Entry to Bacterial Cells......Page 2799
Virus Evolution: Bacterial Viruses......Page 2804
Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS)......Page 2809
Virus Particle Structure: Nonenveloped Viruses......Page 2814
Virus Particle Structure: Principles......Page 2827
Virus Species......Page 2835
Viruses and Bioterrorism......Page 2840
Viruses Infecting Euryarchaea......Page 2845
Visna-Maedi Viruses......Page 2857
Watermelon Mosaic Virus and Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus......Page 2867
West Nile Virus......Page 2874
White Spot Syndrome Virus......Page 2884
Yatapoxviruses......Page 2895
Yeast L-A Virus......Page 2899
Yellow Fever Virus......Page 2903
Yellow Head Virus......Page 2910
Zoonoses......Page 2919
R......Page 2931
Y......Page 2932
A......Page 2933
B......Page 2942
C......Page 2952
D......Page 2962
E......Page 2965
F......Page 2972
G......Page 2975
H......Page 2978
I......Page 2989
J......Page 2995
K......Page 2996
L......Page 2997
M......Page 3000
N......Page 3008
O......Page 3012
P......Page 3014
R......Page 3026
S......Page 3034
T......Page 3042
V......Page 3049
W......Page 3054
Y......Page 3056
Z......Page 3057
