Encyclopedia of Biostatistics

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The first edition of the Encyclopedia of Biostatistics proved an outstanding achievement in scientific publishing. A truly international work, its coverage ranges through statistical issues pertinent to life scientists, healthcare professionals and practising statisticians.Wiley is now pleased to announce the Second Edition of this landmark reference work publishing in February 2005. Drawing on the expertise of the original editorial team the new edition will be revised and expanded to provide, in particular, up-to-date material on bio-informatics and statistical genetics.This major publication is easily accessible for all those involved in statistical activities in medicine and health sciences, from health professionals who are not highly trained in statistics, through to fully qualified and experienced statisticians.Описание не переведено поскольку сама книга на английском.

Author(s): Peter Armitage, Theodore Colton
Edition: 2nd ed
Publisher: John Wiley
Year: 2005

Language: English
Commentary: 863712 eBook (изначально компьютерное)
Pages: 6267
City: Chichester, West Sussex, England; Hoboken, NJ

Aalen’s Additive Regression Model......Page 1
Aalen-Johansen Estimator......Page 7
Absolute Risk......Page 13
Accelerated Failure-time Models......Page 29
Accident and Emergency Medicine......Page 34
Accident Proneness......Page 39
Actuarial Methods......Page 42
Adaptive and Dynamic Methods of Treatment Assignment......Page 55
Adaptive Designs for Clinical Trials......Page 59
Adaptive Sampling......Page 63
Additive Hazard Models......Page 70
Additive Model......Page 73
Additive–Multiplicative Intensity Models......Page 74
Administrative Databases......Page 78
Admixture in Human Populations......Page 90
Admixture Mapping......Page 94
Adoption Studies......Page 96
Adverse Selection......Page 101
Age-of-Onset Estimation......Page 102
Age-Period-Cohort Analysis......Page 109
Aging Models......Page 127
Agreement, Measurement of......Page 132
Agreement, Modeling of Categorical......Page 146
AIDS and HIV......Page 151
Akaike’s Criteria......Page 157
Algorithm......Page 159
Allometry......Page 165
Alternative Hypothesis......Page 167
Alternative Medicine......Page 168
American Public Health Association......Page 172
American Statistical Association......Page 174
Analysis of Covariance......Page 177
Analysis of Variance for Longitudinal Data......Page 184
Analysis of Variance......Page 188
Analytic Hierarchy Process......Page 204
Analytical Epidemiology......Page 213
Ancillary Statistics......Page 214
Anial Screening Systems......Page 217
Anthropometry......Page 221
Anticipation......Page 227
Antidependence Models......Page 229
Antithetic Variable......Page 231
ARMA and ARIMA Models......Page 232
Artificial Intelligence......Page 239
Ascertainment......Page 243
Aspin–Welch Test......Page 251
Association, Measures of......Page 253
Association......Page 259
Assortative Mating......Page 260
Asymptotic Relative Efficincy (ARE)......Page 263
Attributable Fraction in Exposed......Page 268
Attributable Risk......Page 269
Autocorrelation Function......Page 282
Average Age at Death......Page 284
Axes in Multivariate Analysis......Page 285
Axioms of Probability......Page 287
Back-Calculation......Page 289
Backward and Forward Shift Operators......Page 297
Bacterial Growth, Division, and Mutation......Page 298
Bagging and Boosting......Page 303
Balanced Incomplete Block Designs......Page 306
Ban Estimates......Page 308
Barahona–Poon Test......Page 311
Barnard, George Alfred......Page 312
Bartlett, Maurice Stevenson......Page 314
Bartlett’s Test......Page 316
Baseline Adjustment in Longitudinal Studies......Page 319
Battery Reduction......Page 323
Bayes Factors......Page 327
Bayes' Theorem......Page 330
Bayes, Thomas......Page 332
Bayesian Approaches to Cure Rate Models......Page 334
Bayesian Decision Models in Health Care......Page 342
Bayesian Measures of Goodness of Fit......Page 344
Bayesian Methods for Contingency Tables......Page 350
Bayesian Methods for Model Comparison......Page 358
Bayesian Methods in Clinical Trials......Page 362
Bayesian Methods......Page 368
Bayesian Model Selection in Survival Analysis......Page 376
Bayesian Survival Analysis......Page 386
Behrens–Fisher Problem......Page 400
Benefit-Risk Assessement in Prevention Trials......Page 402
Benjamin, Bernard......Page 409
Berkson, Joseph......Page 411
Berkson's Fallacy......Page 416
Bernard, Claude......Page 418
Bernoulli Family......Page 420
Bertillon Family......Page 422
Beta Distribution......Page 423
Beta-binomial Distribution......Page 425
Bias from Diagnostic Susupicion in Case-Control Studies......Page 429
Bias from Exposure Effects on Controls......Page 432
Bias from Exposure Suspicion in Case-Control Studies......Page 433
Bias from Historical Controls......Page 436
Bias from Loss to Follow-up......Page 438
Bias from Nonresponse......Page 439
Bias from Stage Migration in Cancer Survival......Page 440
Bias from Survival in Prevalent Case-Control Studies......Page 442
Bias in Case-Control Studies......Page 443
Bias in Cohort Studies......Page 452
Bias in Observational Studies......Page 454
Bias Toward the Null......Page 461
Bias, Nondifferential......Page 462
Bias, Overview......Page 463
Bias, Protopathic......Page 471
Bias......Page 472
Biased Sampling of Cohorts......Page 473
Binary Data......Page 485
Binomial Distribution......Page 493
Bioassay......Page 497
Bioavailability and Bioequivalence......Page 498
Bioequivalence......Page 503
Bioinformatics in Functional Genomics......Page 508
Bioinformatics......Page 516
Biological Assay, Overview......Page 518
Biological Standardization......Page 532
Biometrical Journal......Page 534
Biometrics......Page 535
Biometrika......Page 537
Biostatistics, History of......Page 539
Biostatistics, Overview......Page 544
Biostatistics......Page 553
Birth Cohort Studies......Page 554
Birth Defect Registries......Page 560
Birthweight......Page 563
Biserial Correlation......Page 565
Bivariate Distributions......Page 568
Bivariate Normal Distribution......Page 570
Blinding or Masking......Page 572
Bliss, Chester Ittner......Page 580
Blocking......Page 582
Blood Groups......Page 583
Bonferroni Inequalities and Intervals......Page 584
Bonferroni, Carlo Emilio......Page 589
Bootstrap Method......Page 591
Bootstrapping in Survival Analysis......Page 599
Bortkiewicz, Ladislaus von......Page 606
Bradford Hill Lectures......Page 608
Bradley, Ralph A......Page 609
Bradley–Terry Model......Page 611
Branching Processes......Page 618
Breslow-Day Test......Page 620
Broadband Smoothing......Page 622
Brownian Motion and Diffusion Processes......Page 624
Brownlee, John......Page 629
BSE and vCJD......Page 630
Burden of Disease......Page 637
Byar, David P......Page 642
Calibration......Page 644
Call-backs and Mail-backs in Sample Surveys......Page 651
Cancer Registries......Page 653
Candidate Gene......Page 666
Canonical Correlation......Page 667
Capture-Recapture......Page 681
Cardiology and Cardiovascular Disease......Page 686
Case Fatality......Page 696
Case Mix......Page 697
Case Series, Case Reports......Page 698
Case-Cohort Study......Page 699
Case–Control Study, Hospital-Based......Page 706
Case–Control Study, Nested......Page 707
Case–Control Study, Population-Based......Page 717
Case–Control Study, Prevalent......Page 718
Case–Control Study, Sequential......Page 728
Case-Control Study, Two-Phase......Page 733
Case–Control Study......Page 741
Case-only Gene Mapping......Page 752
Categorical Data Analysis......Page 754
Categorizing Continuous Variables......Page 780
Cauchy Distribution......Page 784
Causal Direction, Determination......Page 786
Causation......Page 788
Cause of Death, Automatic Coding......Page 792
Cause of Death, Underlying and Multiple......Page 794
Cell Cycle Models......Page 796
Censored Data......Page 799
Censuses......Page 804
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention......Page 807
Central Limit Theory......Page 811
Centroid Method......Page 815
Chain Binomial Model......Page 816
Chalmers, Thomas Clark......Page 820
Change-point Problem......Page 822
Chaos Theory......Page 826
Characteristic Function......Page 830
Chemometrics......Page 833
Chi-Square Distribution - Properties......Page 835
Chi-square Distribution......Page 840
Chi-square Tests......Page 841
Chi-square, Partition of......Page 855
Choi–Williams Distribution......Page 861
Chronic Disease Models......Page 863
Chronomedicine......Page 880
Circadian Variation......Page 896
Circular Data Models......Page 899
Cladistic Analysis......Page 905
Classification, Overview......Page 911
Classifications of Medical and surgical Procedures......Page 923
Clinical Epidemiology......Page 925
Clinical Signals......Page 929
Clinical Significance versus Statistical Significance......Page 933
Clinical Trials Audit and Quality Control......Page 935
Clinical Trials of Antibacterial Agents......Page 939
Clinical Trials Protocols......Page 943
Clinical Trials, Early Cancer and Heart Disease......Page 948
Clinical Trials, History of......Page 956
Clinical Trials, Overview......Page 966
Clinical Trials......Page 981
Cluster Analysis of Subjects, Hierarchical Methods......Page 982
Cluster Analysis of Subjects, Nonhierarchical Methods......Page 994
Cluster Analysis, Variables......Page 1001
Cluster Randomization......Page 1009
Cluster Sampling, Optimal Allocation......Page 1023
Cluster Sampling......Page 1026
Cluster Score......Page 1031
Clustering, Complete Linkage......Page 1032
Clustering, Single Linkage......Page 1034
Clustering......Page 1035
Coarsening at Random......Page 1045
Cochran, William Gemmell......Page 1048
Cochrane Collaboration......Page 1050
Cochrane Lectures......Page 1054
Cochrane, Archibald ('Archie') Leman......Page 1056
Cohabitation......Page 1058
Coherence Between Time Series......Page 1059
Cohort Study, Historical......Page 1062
Cohort Study......Page 1064
Collapsibility......Page 1078
Collinearity......Page 1080
Combining P Values......Page 1082
Commingling Analysis......Page 1087
Committee of Presidents of Statistical Societies (COPSS)......Page 1089
Communality......Page 1090
Communicable Diseases......Page 1091
Community Medicine......Page 1113
Co-Morbidity......Page 1114
Comparative Genomic Hybridization......Page 1116
Compartment Models......Page 1118
Competing Risks......Page 1123
Complex Diseases......Page 1133
Compliance and Survival Analysis......Page 1136
Compliance Assessment in Clinical Trials......Page 1140
Composite Estimators......Page 1142
Computer Algebra......Page 1145
Computer Architecture and Organization......Page 1151
Computer Languages and Programs......Page 1158
Computer-Aided Diagnosis......Page 1163
Computer-Assisted Interviewing......Page 1174
Computer-intensive Methods......Page 1178
Computerized Therapeutic Decision Support......Page 1184
Conception, Models for......Page 1189
Conception......Page 1194
Conditional Probability......Page 1195
Conditionality Principle......Page 1204
Confidence Intervals, Binomial, When No Events Are Observed......Page 1205
Confident Intervals and Sets......Page 1207
Confidentiality and Computers......Page 1208
Confidentiality in Epidemiology......Page 1213
Confidentiality......Page 1216
Confounder Summary Score......Page 1221
Confounder......Page 1223
Confounding......Page 1224
Consistent Estimator......Page 1232
Consort......Page 1239
Contagious Distributions......Page 1243
Contingency Table......Page 1246
Continuity Correction......Page 1255
Contrasts......Page 1262
Controlled Clinical Trials......Page 1266
Controls......Page 1269
Convergence in Distribution and in Probability......Page 1270
Cooperative Cancer Trials......Page 1272
Cooperative Heart Disease Trials......Page 1281
Cooperative Studies Program, US Department of Veterans Affairs......Page 1292
Copula......Page 1308
Cornfield, Jerome......Page 1310
Cornfield's Inequality......Page 1315
Correlated Binary Data......Page 1318
Correlation......Page 1334
Correlational Study......Page 1340
Correspondence Analysis of Longitudinal Data......Page 1341
Correspondence Analysis......Page 1345
Cosine of Angle Between Two Vectors......Page 1350
Cost-Benefit Analysis, Willingness to Pay......Page 1352
Cost-effectiveness in Clinical Trials......Page 1358
Counter-Matching......Page 1365
Counting Process Methods in Survival Analysis......Page 1371
Covariance Matrix......Page 1385
Covariate Imbalance, Adjustment for......Page 1390
Covariate......Page 1396
Cox Regression Model......Page 1397
Cox, Gertrude Mary......Page 1412
Cox's Test of Randomness......Page 1414
Cramér–Rao Inequality......Page 1415
Critical Care......Page 1417
Critical Region......Page 1420
Cronbach's Alpha......Page 1421
Crossover Designs......Page 1423
Cross-Sectional Study......Page 1440
Cross-validation......Page 1444
Crude Risk......Page 1446
Cumulative Hazard......Page 1447
Cumulative Incidence Rate......Page 1448
Cumulative Incidence Ratio......Page 1449
Cumulative Incidence......Page 1450
Cure Models......Page 1451
Cutler, Sidney Joshua.pdf......Page 1454
Data Access, National and International......Page 1456
Data and Safety Monitoring......Page 1459
Data Archives......Page 1468
Data Management and Coordination......Page 1469
Data Mining, Software Packages for......Page 1479
Data Mining......Page 1483
Data Monitoring Committees......Page 1486
Data Quality in Vital and Health Statistics......Page 1491
Database Systems......Page 1499
de Finetti, Bruno......Page 1505
de Moivre, Abraham......Page 1506
Death Certification......Page 1507
Death Indexes......Page 1510
Decision Analysis in Diagnosis and Treatment Choice......Page 1511
Decision Theory......Page 1523
Degrees of Freedom......Page 1533
Delayed Entry......Page 1535
Delta Method......Page 1540
Demography......Page 1543
Dendrogram......Page 1547
Denominator Difficulties......Page 1549
Density Estimation......Page 1551
Density Sampling......Page 1556
Dermatology......Page 1557
Descriptive Epidemiology......Page 1560
Design Effects......Page 1561
Detection Bias......Page 1562
Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs): Measuring Hospital Case Mix......Page 1563
Diagnostic Test Accuracy......Page 1568
Diagnostic Test Evaluation Without a Gold Standard......Page 1569
Diagnostic Tests, Evaluation of......Page 1572
Diagnostic Tests, Likelihood Ratio......Page 1578
Diagnostic Tests, Multiple......Page 1583
Diagnostics......Page 1586
Differential Error......Page 1591
Diggle-Kenward Model for Dropouts......Page 1592
Dilution Method for Bacterial Density Estimation......Page 1594
Direct and Indirect Effects......Page 1596
Discrete Survival-time Models......Page 1598
Discriminant Analysis, Linear......Page 1604
Discrimination and Clutering for Multivariate Time Series......Page 1616
Disease Registers......Page 1619
Disease-Marker Association......Page 1624
Distance Sampling......Page 1630
Distribution-free Methods for Longitudinal Data......Page 1636
DNA Sequences......Page 1644
Dorn, Harold Fred......Page 1650
Dose-Response in Pharmacoepidemiology......Page 1651
Dose-Response Models in Risk Analysis......Page 1659
Dose-Response......Page 1663
Double Sampling......Page 1664
Drug Approval and Evaluation......Page 1671
Drug Interactions......Page 1674
Drug Utilization Patterns......Page 1676
Dummy Variables......Page 1697
Duration Dependence......Page 1699
Durbin–Watson Test......Page 1703
Dynamic Allocation Index......Page 1705
Dynamic Population......Page 1707
Dynamic Programming......Page 1708
Ecologic Fallacy......Page 1713
Ecologic Study......Page 1714
Econometric Methods in Health Services......Page 1735
Edgeworth Expansion......Page 1743
Edgeworth, Francis Isidro......Page 1746
Effect Modification......Page 1747
Egret......Page 1750
Eigenvalue......Page 1751
Eigenvector......Page 1753
Eligibility and Exclusion Criteria......Page 1755
Eligibility Restriction......Page 1759
Elston–Stewart Algorithm......Page 1760
EM Algorithm......Page 1761
Empirical Bayes......Page 1775
Endocrinology......Page 1780
Environmental Epidemiology......Page 1783
Epi Info......Page 1796
Epicure......Page 1797
Epidemic Curve......Page 1798
Epidemic Models, Control......Page 1800
Epidemic Models, Deterministic......Page 1805
Epidemic Models, Inference......Page 1814
Epidemic Models, Multi-Strain......Page 1819
Epidemic Models, Recurrent......Page 1822
Epidemic Models, Sensitivity Analysis......Page 1828
Epidemic Models, Spatial......Page 1842
Epidemic Models, Stochastic......Page 1849
Epidemic Models, Structured Population......Page 1856
Epidemic Thresholds......Page 1861
Epidemiology as Legal Evidence......Page 1867
Epidemiology, Overview......Page 1872
Epilepsy......Page 1880
Equivalenve Trials......Page 1888
Errors in the Measurement of Covariates......Page 1894
Errors in Variables......Page 1902
Established Surveys with Population Survey-Generted Sampling Frames......Page 1904
Estimating Functions......Page 1909
Estimation, Interval......Page 1921
Estimation......Page 1924
Ethics of Randomized Trials......Page 1930
Ethnic Groups......Page 1935
Eugenics......Page 1936
European Federation of Statisticians in the Pharmaceutical Industry (EFPSI)......Page 1942
European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)......Page 1944
Event History Analysis......Page 1945
Event-Related Potential......Page 1957
Evidence-Based Medicine......Page 1960
Exact Inference for Categorical Data......Page 1962
Excess Mortality......Page 1979
Excess Relative Risk......Page 1981
Excess Risk......Page 1982
Exchangeability......Page 1983
Exclusion Mapping......Page 1985
Expectation......Page 1987
Expected Number of Deaths......Page 1991
Expected Survival Curve......Page 1994
Experimental Design......Page 1997
Experimental Study......Page 2006
Experiment-Wise Error Rate......Page 2007
Expert Witness, Statistician as......Page 2009
Explained Variation Measures in Survival Analysis......Page 2020
Explanatory Variables......Page 2023
Exploratory Data Analysis......Page 2024
Exponential Distribution......Page 2028
Exponential Family......Page 2029
Exposure Effect......Page 2037
Extrapolation, Low-Dose......Page 2038
Extrapolation......Page 2043
Extreme Values......Page 2044
F Distributions......Page 2049
Factor Analysis, Confirmatory......Page 2053
Factor Analysis, Overview......Page 2055
Factor Analysis, Second-order......Page 2063
Factor Loading Matrix......Page 2066
Factor Scores......Page 2069
Factor......Page 2071
Factorial Designs in Clinical Trials......Page 2073
Factorial Experiments......Page 2081
False Negative Rate......Page 2086
False Positive Rate......Page 2087
Familial Correlations......Page 2088
Family History Validation......Page 2095
Family-Based Association for Quantitative Traits......Page 2098
Family-Based Case-Control Studies......Page 2101
Fan Plot......Page 2109
Farr, William......Page 2114
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)......Page 2116
Fiducial Probability......Page 2118
Fieller’s Theorem......Page 2124
Finite Population Correction......Page 2126
Fisher Lectures......Page 2127
Fisher, Ronald Aylmer......Page 2130
Fisher's Exact Test......Page 2136
Fixed Effects......Page 2140
Fixed Population......Page 2141
Fix-Neyman Process......Page 2142
Fleiss, Joseph L.......Page 2146
Floating Point Arithmetic......Page 2149
Follow-up, Active versus Passive......Page 2154
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)......Page 2155
Forecasting......Page 2159
Forensic Medicine......Page 2162
Forward Search......Page 2165
Foundations of Probability......Page 2172
Founder Effect......Page 2181
Fractional Factorial Designs......Page 2183
Frailty......Page 2190
Framingham Study......Page 2197
Fraud in Clinical Trials......Page 2204
Frequency Distribution......Page 2212
Frequency Matching......Page 2214
Galton, Francis......Page 2215
Galton-Watson Process......Page 2217
Gamma Distribution......Page 2218
Gardner, Martin John......Page 2220
Gastroenterology......Page 2222
Gauss, Carl-Friedrich......Page 2224
Gavarret, Louis-Denis-Jules......Page 2225
Geisser, Seymour......Page 2226
Gene Conversion......Page 2230
Gene Expression Analysis......Page 2231
Gene Frequency Estimation......Page 2239
Gene......Page 2243
Gene-Environment Interaction......Page 2244
General Linear Model......Page 2246
General Practice......Page 2247
Generalized Additive Model......Page 2253
Generalized Estimating Equations......Page 2258
Generalized Linear Mixed Models......Page 2269
Generalized Linear Model......Page 2274
Generalized Linear Models for Longitudinal Data......Page 2288
Generalized Maximum Likelihood......Page 2296
Generating Functions......Page 2299
Genetic Correlations and Covariances......Page 2308
Genetic Counseling......Page 2312
Genetic Distance......Page 2314
Genetic Epidemiology......Page 2317
Genetic Heterogeneity......Page 2322
Genetic Liability Model......Page 2327
Genetic Map Functions......Page 2333
Genetic Markers......Page 2337
Genetic Risk Ratios......Page 2339
Genetic Transition Probabilities......Page 2343
Genitourinary Medicine......Page 2345
Genome-Wide Significance......Page 2348
Genotype......Page 2352
Genotyping and Error-Checking......Page 2353
Geographic Epidemiology......Page 2357
Geographic Patterns of Disease......Page 2373
Geometric Distribution......Page 2380
Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine......Page 2381
Gestational Age......Page 2383
Ghosts......Page 2384
Gini, Corrado......Page 2385
Gold Standard Test......Page 2386
Goodman-Kruskal Measures of Association......Page 2387
Goodness of Fit in Survival Analysis......Page 2389
Goodness of Fit......Page 2403
Gosset, William Sealy......Page 2413
Graeco-Latin Square Designs......Page 2415
Gramian Matrix......Page 2418
Gram–Schmidt Process......Page 2419
Graphical Displays......Page 2420
Graphical Presentation of Longitudinal Data......Page 2445
Graunt, John......Page 2449
Greenberg, Bernard George......Page 2451
Greenhouse, Samuel W.......Page 2453
Greenwood, Major......Page 2456
Grenander Estimators......Page 2458
Group Randomized Trials......Page 2460
Grouped Data......Page 2465
Grouped Survival Times......Page 2466
Group-Randomization Designs......Page 2472
Growth and Development......Page 2476
Guidelines on Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials......Page 2483
Guttman Scale......Page 2494
Guy, William Augustus......Page 2495
Haenszel, William M.......Page 2496
Half-normal Distribution......Page 2499
Halley, Edmond......Page 2500
Halperin, Max......Page 2502
Haplotype Analysis......Page 2505
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium......Page 2514
Hawkins, Francis Bisset......Page 2516
Hawthorne Effect......Page 2517
Hazard Models Based on First-Passage Time Distributions......Page 2518
Hazard Plotting......Page 2521
Hazard Rate......Page 2522
Hazard Ratio Estimator......Page 2523
Health Care Financing......Page 2525
Health Care Technology Assessment......Page 2536
Health Care Utilization and Behavior, Models of......Page 2542
Health Care Utilization Data, Analysis......Page 2546
Health Care Utilization Data......Page 2550
Health Economics......Page 2553
Health Service Organization in the US......Page 2564
Health Services Data Sources in Canada......Page 2572
Health Services Data Sources in Europe......Page 2579
Health Services Data Sources in the US......Page 2583
Health Services Research, Overview......Page 2591
Health Services Resources, Scheduling......Page 2597
Health Statistics, History of......Page 2602
Health Status Instruments, Measurement Properties of......Page 2609
Health Workforce Modeling......Page 2616
Healthy Worker Effect......Page 2623
Hepatology......Page 2627
Heritability......Page 2630
Heterozygosity, Loss of......Page 2632
Heterozygosity......Page 2636
Hidden Markov Models......Page 2638
Hierachical Models in Genetics......Page 2646
Hierarchical Models in Health Service Research......Page 2650
Hierarchical Models......Page 2654
Hill, Austin Bradford......Page 2655
Hill's Criteria for Casuality......Page 2659
Historical Controls in Survival Analysis......Page 2663
HLA System......Page 2664
Hogben, Lancelot Thomas......Page 2666
Horvitz-Thomspon Estimator......Page 2667
Hospital Market Area......Page 2669
Hotelling, Harold......Page 2670
Hotelling’s T2......Page 2672
Human Genetics, Overview......Page 2676
Human Genome Project......Page 2680
Hypergeometric Distribution......Page 2683
Hypothesis Testing......Page 2688
Identifiability......Page 2696
Identity Coefficients......Page 2697
Image Analysis and Tomography......Page 2700
Immunotoxicology......Page 2718
Importance Sampling......Page 2720
Inbreeding......Page 2725
Incidence Density Ratio......Page 2729
Incidence Density......Page 2730
Incidence Rate......Page 2731
Incidence-Prevalence Relationships......Page 2732
Incident Case......Page 2736
Incomplete Block Designs......Page 2737
Incomplete Follow-up......Page 2740
Incubation Period of Infectious Diseases......Page 2741
Independence of a Set of Variables, Tests of......Page 2746
Indian Statistical Institute......Page 2749
Infant and Perinatal Mortality......Page 2753
Infectious Disease Models......Page 2758
Infectivity Titration......Page 2762
Inference, Foundations of......Page 2766
Inference......Page 2770
Influence Function in Survival Analysis......Page 2783
Informatics in the Health Sciences......Page 2785
Information Matrix......Page 2788
Information......Page 2789
Instrumental Variables in Health Services Research......Page 2791
Instrumental Variables......Page 2796
Intention to Treat Analysis......Page 2801
Interaction in Factorial Experiments......Page 2806
Interaction Model......Page 2808
Interaction......Page 2813
Interim Analysis of Censored Data......Page 2815
International Agency for Research Against Cancer (IARC)......Page 2821
International Biometric Society (IBS)......Page 2823
International Classification of Diseases (ICD)......Page 2825
International Society for Clinical Biostatistics (ISCB)......Page 2828
International Statistical Institute (ISI)......Page 2830
International Studies of Infarct Survival (ISIS)......Page 2832
Internet......Page 2837
Interpenetrating Samples......Page 2842
Interval Censoring......Page 2844
Intervention Analysis in Time Series......Page 2850
Interviewer Bias......Page 2855
Interviewing Techniques......Page 2856
Inverse Gaussian Distribution......Page 2860
Inverse Probability Weighting in Survival Analysis......Page 2861
Ion Channel Modeling......Page 2867
Irwin, Joseph Oscar......Page 2874
Isolated Populations......Page 2876
Isotonic Inference......Page 2880
Isotonic Regression......Page 2889
Iterative Proportional Fitting.pdf......Page 2890
Jackknife Method......Page 2894
James-Stein Estimator......Page 2896
Jeffreys, Harold......Page 2897
Job-Exposure Matrices......Page 2898
Joint Modeling of Longitudinal and Event Time Data......Page 2899
Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics......Page 2905
Journal of Clinical Epidemiology......Page 2906
Journal of the American Statistical Association......Page 2911
Journal of the Royal Statistical Society......Page 2914
J-Shaped Distribution......Page 2918
Kalman Filter......Page 2920
Kaplan–Meier Estimator......Page 2923
Kappa and its Dependence on Marginal Rates......Page 2930
Kappa......Page 2933
Kempthorne, Oscar......Page 2939
Kendall, Maurice George......Page 2942
Kin-cohort Studies......Page 2944
Kolmogorov, Andrey Nikolayevich......Page 2950
Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Cramer–Von Mises Tests in Survival Analysis......Page 2953
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test......Page 2955
Kullback-Leibler Information......Page 2957
Kurtosis......Page 2959
Lagged Dependent Variables......Page 2960
Lambda Criterion, Wilks’......Page 2962
Lancaster, Henry Oliver......Page 2965
Laplace, Pierre-Simon......Page 2968
Large-sample Theory......Page 2969
Latent Class Analysis......Page 2982
Latent Period......Page 2985
Latin Square Designs......Page 2990
Lattice Designs......Page 2993
Law of Large Numbers......Page 2995
Lawley–Hotelling Trace......Page 2998
League Tables......Page 3001
Least Squares......Page 3004
Lehmann Alternatives......Page 3007
Length Bias......Page 3010
Leukemia Clusters......Page 3013
Level of a Test......Page 3018
Levinson–Durbin Algorithm......Page 3019
Lexis Diagram......Page 3022
Life Expectancy......Page 3025
Life Table......Page 3026
Likelihood Principle......Page 3030
Likelihood Ratio Tests......Page 3033
Likelihood Ratio......Page 3037
Likelihood......Page 3038
Likert Scale......Page 3043
Limit Theorems......Page 3044
Linder Forrest E.......Page 3047
Lindley's Paradox......Page 3049
Linear Mixed Effects Models for Longitudinal Data......Page 3050
Linear Programming......Page 3056
Linear Rank Tests in Survival Analysis......Page 3061
Linear Regression, Simple......Page 3071
Linearization Methods of Variance Estimation......Page 3075
Linkage Analysis, Model-Based......Page 3078
Linkage Analysis, Multipoint......Page 3091
Linkage Analysis, Multivariate......Page 3096
Linkage Disequilibrium......Page 3101
Linkage Information Content......Page 3105
Linkage-Analysis, Model-Free......Page 3109
LISREL......Page 3119
Locally Most Powerful Tests......Page 3120
Location–Scale Family......Page 3123
Logistic Distribution......Page 3126
Logistic Regression, Conditional......Page 3132
Logistic Regression......Page 3138
Loglinear Model......Page 3149
Lognormal Distribution......Page 3166
Logrank Test......Page 3168
Lomb Periodogram......Page 3169
Longitudinal Data Analysis, Overview......Page 3170
Loss Function......Page 3182
Louis, Pierre-Charles-Alexandre......Page 3185
Machine Learning......Page 3186
Magic Square Designs......Page 3187
Mahalanobis Distance......Page 3189
Mahalanobis, Prasanta Chandra......Page 3193
Mainland, Donald......Page 3196
Mallows’ Cp Statistic......Page 3197
Malthus, Thomas Robert......Page 3198
Mantel, Nathan......Page 3199
Mapping Disease Patterns......Page 3202
Marginal Likelihood......Page 3213
Marginal Models for Multivariate Survival Data......Page 3215
Marginal Models......Page 3220
Marginal Probability......Page 3225
Marker Processes......Page 3226
Markov Chain Monte Carlo, Recent Developments......Page 3228
Markov Chain Monte Carlo......Page 3238
Markov Chains......Page 3246
Markov Processes......Page 3251
Martini, Paul......Page 3256
Matched Analysis......Page 3257
Matched Pairs With Categorical Data......Page 3261
Matching, Probabilistic......Page 3265
Matching......Page 3271
Maternal Mortality......Page 3275
Mathematical Biology, Overview......Page 3280
Matrix Algebra......Page 3287
Matrix Computations......Page 3306
Maximum Likelihood......Page 3314
Maxwell, Albert Ernest......Page 3318
McKendrick, Anderson Gray......Page 3319
McNemar Test......Page 3320
Mean Deviation......Page 3322
Mean Square Error......Page 3324
Mean......Page 3326
Measurement Error in Epidemiologic Studies......Page 3328
Measurement Error in Survival Analysis......Page 3356
Measurement Scale......Page 3361
Median Effective Dose......Page 3365
Median Survival Time......Page 3379
Median......Page 3381
Medical Devices......Page 3382
Medical Ethics and Statistics......Page 3400
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS)......Page 3412
Medical Journals, Statistical Articles in......Page 3415
Medical Research Council (MRC)......Page 3426
Medical Research Council Streptomycin Trial......Page 3428
Medicare Data......Page 3431
Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) (Formerly MCA)......Page 3437
Medico-Legal Cases and Statistics......Page 3439
Mendel's Law......Page 3445
Merrell, Margaret......Page 3447
Meta-Analysis in Epidemiology......Page 3448
Meta-Analysis in Human Genetics......Page 3463
Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials......Page 3472
Meta-Analysis of Diagnostic Tests......Page 3482
Method of Moments......Page 3489
Michaelis-Menten Equation......Page 3493
Midwifery, Obstetrics, and Neonatology......Page 3495
Migrant Studies......Page 3505
Migration Processes......Page 3513
Minimax Theory......Page 3517
Minimum Therapeutically Effective Dose......Page 3520
Minimum Variance Unbiased (MVU) Estimator......Page 3522
Mining Time Series Data......Page 3524
Misclassification Error......Page 3528
Misclassification Models......Page 3535
Missing Data Estimation - 'Hot Deck' and 'Cold Deck'......Page 3543
Missing Data in Clinical Trials......Page 3546
Missing Data in Epidemiologic Studies......Page 3550
Missing Data......Page 3564
Misspecification......Page 3578
Mode......Page 3581
Model Checking......Page 3583
Model, Choice of......Page 3586
Molecular Epidemiology......Page 3595
Moment Generating Function......Page 3600
Moments......Page 3602
Monte Carlo Methods......Page 3604
Moran, Patrick Alfred Pierce......Page 3607
Morbidity and Mortality, Changing Patterns in the Twentieth Century......Page 3609
Mortality, International Comparisons......Page 3621
Most Powerful Test......Page 3624
Moving Average......Page 3628
Multicenter Trials......Page 3632
Multidimensional Scaling......Page 3638
Multilevel Models......Page 3648
Multilocus (Gene × Gene Interaction)......Page 3655
Multinomial Distribution......Page 3658
Multiple Comparisons......Page 3662
Multiple Endpoints in Clinical Trials......Page 3673
Multiple Endpoints, Multivariate Global Tests......Page 3677
Multiple Endpoints, P Level Procedures......Page 3691
Multiple Imputation Methods......Page 3701
Multiple Linear Regression......Page 3710
Multiple Time Series......Page 3723
Multiplicative Model......Page 3727
Multiplicity in Clinical Trials......Page 3728
Multistage Carcinogenesis Models......Page 3734
Multistage Sampling......Page 3741
Multivariate Adaptive Splines for Analyzing Longitudinal Data......Page 3747
Multivariate Analysis of Variance......Page 3750
Multivariate Analysis, Bayesian......Page 3756
Multivariate Analysis, Overview......Page 3764
Multivariate Bartlett Test......Page 3775
Multivariate Classification Rules - Calibration and Discrimination......Page 3777
Multivariate Distributions, Overview......Page 3783
Multivariate Graphics......Page 3797
Multivariate Median and Rank Sum Tests......Page 3820
Multivariate Methods for Binary Longitudinal Data......Page 3835
Multivariate Multiple Regression......Page 3839
Multivariate Normal Distribution......Page 3841
Multivariate Normality, Tests of......Page 3846
Multivariate Outliers......Page 3855
Multivariate Survival Analysis......Page 3862
Multivariate t Distribution......Page 3869
Multivariate Techniques, Robustness......Page 3872
Multivariate Weibull Distribution......Page 3877
Mutagenicity Study......Page 3880
Mutation......Page 3886
National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)......Page 3887
National Institutes of Health (NIH)......Page 3894
National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project......Page 3900
Natural History Study of Prognosis......Page 3911
Negative Binomial Distribution......Page 3918
Nelson–Aalen Estimator......Page 3923
Nephrology......Page 3928
Network Sampling......Page 3933
Neural Network......Page 3943
Neurology......Page 3947
Neuropathology......Page 3948
Neyman, Jerzy......Page 3950
Neyman–Pearson Lemma......Page 3956
Nightingale, Florence......Page 3958
Noise and White Noise......Page 3960
Nominal Data......Page 3961
Noncentral t Distribution......Page 3964
Noncompliance, Adjustment for......Page 3966
Nondifferential Error......Page 3970
Non-Fourier Waveforms......Page 3971
Nonignorable Dropout in Longitudinal Studies......Page 3973
Nonlinear Growth Curve......Page 3975
Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models for Longitudinal Data......Page 3978
Nonlinear Regression......Page 3982
Nonlinear Time Series Analysis......Page 3988
Nonparametric Maximum Likelihood......Page 3993
Nonparametric Methods......Page 3999
Nonparametric Regression Analysis of Longitudinal Data......Page 4007
Nonparametric Regression......Page 4015
Nonrandomized Trials......Page 4017
Nonresponse......Page 4021
Nonsampling Errors......Page 4026
Normal Clinical Values, Design of a Study......Page 4032
Normal Clinical Values, Reference Intervals for......Page 4038
Normal Distribution......Page 4044
Normal Scores......Page 4047
Normal Values of Biological Characteristics......Page 4050
Normality, Tests of......Page 4057
Nuisance Parameter......Page 4061
Null Hypothesis......Page 4063
Number Needed to Treat (NNT)......Page 4064
Numerical Analysis......Page 4074
Numerical Integration......Page 4079
Nursing......Page 4087
Nutritional Epidemiology......Page 4091
Nutritional Exposure Measures......Page 4110
Nyquist Frequency......Page 4112
Oblimin Rotation......Page 4113
Oblique Rotation......Page 4114
Observational Study......Page 4116
Observer Reliability and Agreement......Page 4117
Occupational Epidemiology......Page 4122
Occupational Health and Medicine......Page 4142
Occupational Mortality......Page 4147
Odds Ratio......Page 4153
Odds......Page 4154
Office for National Statistics (ONS) (Formerly OPCS)......Page 4155
Oncology......Page 4156
Operations Research, Simulation......Page 4162
Operations Research......Page 4166
Ophthalmology......Page 4168
Optimal Design......Page 4174
Optimization and Nonlinear Equations......Page 4177
Optres Rotation......Page 4183
Order Statistics......Page 4184
Ordered Alternatives......Page 4188
Ordered Categorical Data......Page 4191
Orders of Magnitude......Page 4200
Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Process......Page 4201
Orthoblique Rotation......Page 4206
Orthogonal Designs......Page 4207
Orthogonal Rotation......Page 4209
Orthogonality......Page 4210
Otorhinolaryngology......Page 4217
Outcome Measures in Clinical Trials......Page 4222
Outcomes Research......Page 4229
Outliers......Page 4233
Overdispersion......Page 4238
Overmatching......Page 4244
P Value......Page 4245
Pain......Page 4250
Paired Comparisons......Page 4254
Paired t test......Page 4256
Pairwise Independence......Page 4258
Panel Study......Page 4260
Parallel-Line Assay......Page 4262
Parametric Models in Survival Analysis......Page 4268
Parental Effects......Page 4279
Pareto Distribution......Page 4284
Parsimony......Page 4286
Partial Likelihood......Page 4287
Partially Balanced Incomplete Block Design......Page 4289
Partner Study......Page 4291
Pascal, Blaise......Page 4297
Paternity Testing......Page 4298
Path Analysis in Genetics......Page 4303
Path Analysis......Page 4317
Pattern Recognition......Page 4322
Pearl, Raymond......Page 4329
Pearson Distributions......Page 4331
Pearson, Egon Sharpe......Page 4332
Pearson, Karl......Page 4334
Pedigrees, Sequential Sampling......Page 4342
Peirce, Charles Sanders......Page 4344
Penalized Maximum Likelihood......Page 4346
Penetrance......Page 4350
Person-Years at Risk......Page 4352
Person-Years of Life Lost......Page 4353
Petty, William......Page 4354
Pharmaceutical Industry, Statistics in......Page 4355
Pharmacoepidemiology, Adverse and Beneficial Effects......Page 4362
Pharmacoepidemiology, Overview......Page 4369
Pharmacoepidemiology, Study Designs......Page 4380
Pharmacogenetics......Page 4384
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics......Page 4388
Phase I Trials......Page 4402
Phase II Trials......Page 4407
Phase-Type Distributions in Survival Analysis......Page 4413
Physicians' Health Study......Page 4415
Pillai’s Trace Test......Page 4420
Pinel, Philippe......Page 4423
Pitman Efficiency......Page 4424
Placebos......Page 4428
Point Processes......Page 4436
Poisson Distribution......Page 4450
Poisson Processes......Page 4455
Poisson Regression in Epidemiology......Page 4458
Poisson Regression......Page 4462
Poisson, Simeon-Denis......Page 4471
Polya Process......Page 4472
Polya’s Urn Model......Page 4474
Polygenic Inheritance......Page 4475
Polymorphism Information Content......Page 4481
Polymorphism......Page 4482
Polynomial Approximation......Page 4483
Polynomial Regression......Page 4487
Polytomous Data......Page 4490
Popper, Karl R.......Page 4497
Population Genetics......Page 4499
Population Growth Models......Page 4506
Population-Based Study......Page 4509
Postmarketing Surveillance of New Drugs and Assessment of Risk......Page 4510
Poststratification in Survey Sampling......Page 4519
Power Divergence Methods......Page 4521
Power Transformations......Page 4529
Power......Page 4531
Preclinical Treatment Evaluation......Page 4536
Prediction......Page 4542
Predictive Modeling of Prognosis......Page 4543
Predictive Values......Page 4553
Prevalence of Disease, Estimation from Screening Data......Page 4554
Prevalence Rate of Ratio......Page 4561
Prevalence......Page 4562
Prevalence-Incidence Bias......Page 4563
Prevalent Case......Page 4565
Preventable Fraction......Page 4566
Prevention Trials......Page 4568
Preventive Medicine......Page 4574
Primary Factors......Page 4577
Principal Components Analysis......Page 4579
Principal Coordinates Analysis......Page 4588
Prior Distribution......Page 4593
Privacy in Genetic Studies......Page 4595
Probability Sampling......Page 4598
Probability Theory......Page 4599
Procrustes Rotation......Page 4602
Product-integration......Page 4604
Profile Likelihood......Page 4608
Profiling Providers of Medical Care......Page 4611
Prognosis......Page 4613
Prognostic Factors for Survival......Page 4614
Program Evaluation......Page 4618
Projection Pursuit......Page 4620
Projections - AIDS, Cancer, Smoking......Page 4624
Promax Rotation......Page 4628
Propensity Score......Page 4629
Proportional Hazards, Overview......Page 4634
Proportional Mortality Ratio (PMR)......Page 4635
Proportional Mortality Study......Page 4636
Proportional-Odds Model......Page 4640
Proportional-Odds Regression......Page 4643
Proportions, Inferences, and Comparisons......Page 4644
Proprietary Biostatistical Firms......Page 4658
Pseudo-Likelihood......Page 4661
Pseudo-random Number Generator......Page 4663
Psychiatry......Page 4667
Psychometrics, Overview......Page 4673
Pulmonary Medicine.pdf......Page 4698
Quality Control in Laboratory Medicine......Page 4703
Quality of Care......Page 4712
Quality of Life and Health Status......Page 4716
Quality of Life and Survival Analysis......Page 4723
Quality of Life......Page 4728
Quantal Response Models......Page 4738
Quantile Regression......Page 4746
Quantiles......Page 4749
Quartimax Rotation......Page 4750
Quasi-experimental Design......Page 4751
Quasi-independence......Page 4758
Quasi-Likelihood......Page 4761
Quasi-symmetry......Page 4765
Questionnaire Design......Page 4769
Quetelet, Lambert-Adolphe-Jacques......Page 4774
Queuing Processes......Page 4775
QUORUM......Page 4782
Quota, Representative, and Other Methods of Purposive Sampling......Page 4785
R- and Q-analysis......Page 4788
R......Page 4790
Radiation Epidemiology......Page 4792
Radiation Hybrid Mapping......Page 4809
Radiation......Page 4814
Radioimmunoessay......Page 4821
Radon-Nikodym Theorem......Page 4825
Random Coefficient Repeated Measures Model......Page 4827
Random Digit Dialing Sampling for Case-Control Studies......Page 4832
Random Effects......Page 4837
Random Error......Page 4838
Random Mixing......Page 4839
Random Sample......Page 4841
Random Variable......Page 4842
Randomization Tests......Page 4844
Randomization......Page 4846
Randomized Complete Block Designs......Page 4847
Randomized Response Techniques......Page 4853
Randomized Treatment Assignment......Page 4861
Randomness, Tests of......Page 4869
Range......Page 4871
Rank Correlation......Page 4873
Rank Regression......Page 4876
Rank Transformation......Page 4879
Ranks......Page 4880
Rao-Blackwell Theorem......Page 4883
Rasch Models......Page 4884
Rasch, Georg......Page 4891
Rate......Page 4893
Ratio and Regression Estimates......Page 4894
Real Time Approach in Survival Analysis......Page 4900
Recall Bias......Page 4901
Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curves......Page 4902
Record Linkage......Page 4909
Reduced Rank Regression......Page 4914
Regression to the Mean......Page 4917
Regression......Page 4919
Regressive Models......Page 4920
Relationship Testing......Page 4927
Relative Hazard......Page 4933
Relative Odds......Page 4934
Relative Risk Modeling......Page 4935
Relative Risk......Page 4943
Reliability Study......Page 4944
Remington, Richard D.......Page 4948
Renewal Processes......Page 4950
Repeated Events......Page 4959
Reproduction Number......Page 4966
Reproduction......Page 4968
Resampling Procedures for Sample Surveys......Page 4983
Residuals for Survival Analysis......Page 4987
Residuals......Page 4993
Response Effects in Sample Surveys......Page 5002
Response Surface Methodology......Page 5007
Response Variable......Page 5010
Restricted Maximum Likelihood......Page 5011
Retrospective Study......Page 5014
Reverse Arrangement Test......Page 5015
Reversibility......Page 5016
Rheumatology......Page 5018
Ridge Regression......Page 5023
Risk Adjustment......Page 5025
Risk Assessment for Environmental Chemicals......Page 5026
Risk Assessment in Clinical Decision Making......Page 5038
Risk Assessment......Page 5043
Risk Factor......Page 5047
Risk Set......Page 5048
Risk......Page 5049
Robust Methods in Time Series Analysis......Page 5050
Robust Regression......Page 5053
Robustness......Page 5056
Rotation of Axes......Page 5061
Roy’s Maximum Root Criteria......Page 5067
Royal Statistical Society......Page 5070
Saddlepoint Approximation......Page 5074
Salk Vaccine......Page 5076
Sample Size Adequacy in Surveys......Page 5083
Sample Size Determination for Clinical Trials......Page 5087
Sample Size Determination in Survival Analysis......Page 5095
Sample Size Determination......Page 5100
Sample Size in Epidemiologic Studies......Page 5111
Sample Surveys in the Health Sciences......Page 5129
Sampling Distributions......Page 5148
Sampling Frames......Page 5150
Sampling in Developing Countries......Page 5155
Sampling With and Without Replacement......Page 5160
Sampling With Probability Proportional to Size......Page 5161
Savage, Leonard Jimmie......Page 5168
Scan Statistics for Disease Surveillance......Page 5169
Scedasticity......Page 5175
Schneidermann, Marvin Arthur......Page 5177
Scientific Method and Statistics......Page 5181
Scores......Page 5186
Scree Test......Page 5190
Screening Benefit, Evaluation of......Page 5193
Screening Trials......Page 5202
Screening, Models of......Page 5210
Screening, Overview......Page 5235
Screening, Sojourn Time......Page 5243
Seasonal Time Series......Page 5246
Secondary Attack Rate......Page 5250
Segregation Analysis, Classical......Page 5254
Segregation Analysis, Complex......Page 5257
Segregation Analysis, Mixed Models......Page 5270
Segregation Ratios......Page 5273
Selection Bias......Page 5274
Semi-Markov Processes......Page 5275
Semiparametric Regression......Page 5281
Sensitivity Analysis......Page 5284
Sensitivity......Page 5286
Separate Families of Hypotheses......Page 5287
Sequence Analysis......Page 5292
Sequential Analysis......Page 5295
Sequential Linkage Analysis......Page 5300
Sequential Methods for Clinical Trials......Page 5304
Serial Correlation......Page 5313
Serial Dilution Assay......Page 5314
Serial-sacrifice Experiments......Page 5319
Sex Ratio at Birth......Page 5325
Shape Analysis......Page 5329
Sheppard's Correction......Page 5338
Shrinkage Estimation......Page 5339
Shrinkage......Page 5342
Sign Tests......Page 5343
Signed-Rank Statistics......Page 5345
Similarity, Dissimilarity, and Distance Measure......Page 5347
Simple Structure......Page 5351
Simplex Models......Page 5352
Simpson’s Paradox......Page 5358
Simulation......Page 5360
Simultaneous Confidence Intervals......Page 5365
Simultaneous Inference......Page 5367
Sipmle Random Sampling......Page 5372
SIR Epidemic Models......Page 5373
Skewness......Page 5380
Slope-Ratio Assay......Page 5382
Slutzky–Yule Effect......Page 5386
Small Area Estimation......Page 5388
Small Area Variation Analysis......Page 5393
Smith, Cedric Austen Bardell......Page 5395
Smoking and Health......Page 5396
Smoothing Hazard Rates......Page 5403
Smoothing Methods in Epidemiology......Page 5414
Snedecor, George Waddel......Page 5427
Snowball Sampling......Page 5429
Social Classification......Page 5431
Social Sciences......Page 5432
Society for Clinical Trials......Page 5436
Software for Clinical Trials......Page 5438
Software for Genetic Epidemiology......Page 5460
Software for Sample Survey Data, Misuse of Standard Packages......Page 5471
Software for Sample Survey Data......Page 5478
Software Reliability......Page 5485
Software, Biostatistical......Page 5491
Software, Epidemiological......Page 5499
Soper, Herbert Edward......Page 5509
Spatial Models for Categorical Data......Page 5510
Spearman Rank Correlation......Page 5518
Specificity......Page 5524
Spectral Analysis......Page 5525
Sphericity Test......Page 5538
Spiegelman, Mortimer......Page 5540
Spline Function......Page 5542
Spline Smoothing......Page 5544
Split Plot Designs......Page 5550
S-PLUS and S......Page 5555
Sports Medicine......Page 5557
Spreadsheet......Page 5559
Square Contingency Table......Page 5562
Staggered Entry......Page 5567
Standard Deviation......Page 5573
Standard Error......Page 5575
Standard Gamble Technique......Page 5576
Standard Normal Deviate......Page 5580
Standardization Methods......Page 5581
Standardized Coefficients......Page 5594
Stationarity......Page 5595
Statistical Consulting......Page 5597
Statistical Dependence and Independence......Page 5606
Statistical Forensics......Page 5610
Statistical Map......Page 5614
Statistical Methods in Medical Reserach......Page 5619
Statistical Review for Medical Journals, Guidelines for Authors......Page 5620
Statistical Review for Medical Journals, Journal's Perspectives......Page 5623
Statistical Review for Medical Journals......Page 5627
Statisticians in the Pharmaceutical Industry (PSI)......Page 5631
Statistics in Medicine......Page 5633
Statistics, Overview......Page 5635
StatXact......Page 5644
Stereology......Page 5646
Stimulus-Response Studies......Page 5655
Stochastic Approximation......Page 5658
Stochastic Limit and Order Relations......Page 5661
Stochastic Processes......Page 5662
Stocks, Percy......Page 5691
Stratification......Page 5692
Stratified Sampling, Allocation in......Page 5693
Stratified Sampling......Page 5696
Stroke......Page 5703
Structural and Sampling Zeros......Page 5709
Structural Equation Models......Page 5712
Structural Nested Failure Time Models......Page 5721
Structural Time Series Models......Page 5738
Studentization......Page 5746
Studentized Range......Page 5747
Student's t distribution......Page 5750
Student's t statistics......Page 5751
Study Population......Page 5752
Subjective Probability......Page 5753
Sufficiency......Page 5755
Sufficient Statistics......Page 5756
Summary Measures Analysis of Longitudinal Data......Page 5761
Superpopulation Models in Survey Sampling......Page 5764
Support Vector Machines......Page 5774
Surgery......Page 5782
Surrogate Endpoints......Page 5789
Surveillance of Diseases......Page 5796
Surveys, Health and Morbidity......Page 5802
Survival Analysis, Overview......Page 5817
Survival Analysis, Software......Page 5827
Survival Distributions and Their Charateristics......Page 5832
Synergy of Exposure Effects......Page 5839
Systematic Error......Page 5844
Systematic Sampling Methods......Page 5845
Target Population......Page 5850
Teaching Medical Statistics to Statisticians......Page 5851
Teaching Statistics to Medical Students......Page 5856
Teaching Statistics to Physicians......Page 5862
Telephone Sampling......Page 5866
Teratology......Page 5880
Textbooks in Clinical Trials......Page 5889
Thiele, Thorvald Nicolai......Page 5900
Tied Survival Times......Page 5901
Time Lag Effect......Page 5903
Time Origin, Choice of......Page 5904
Time Series Regression......Page 5906
Time Series Similarity Measures......Page 5909
Time Series......Page 5913
Time to Pregnancy......Page 5916
Time Trade-Off Technique......Page 5919
Time-by-time Analysis of Longitudinal Data......Page 5923
Time-dependent Covariate......Page 5924
Time-Varying Treatment Effect......Page 5929
Tolerance Interval......Page 5935
Tolerance Region......Page 5940
Total Time on Test......Page 5941
Transfer Function Models......Page 5943
Transformations......Page 5947
Transfusion Medicine......Page 5948
Transition Models for Longitudinal Data......Page 5952
Transplantation......Page 5953
Travel Medicine......Page 5957
Treatment Delay......Page 5959
Treatment-covariate Interaction......Page 5961
Trees, Probabilistic Functional......Page 5964
Tree-structured Statistical Methods......Page 5967
Trend Test for Counts and Proportions......Page 5979
Trigonometric Regression......Page 5990
Trimming and Winsorization......Page 5995
Truncated Survival Times......Page 5998
Tukey, John Wilder......Page 6003
Tumor Growth......Page 6011
Tumor Incidence Experiments......Page 6014
Tumor Modeling......Page 6026
Turnbull Estimator......Page 6031
Twin Analysis......Page 6035
Twin Concordance......Page 6049
Twin Registers......Page 6052
Two-by-Two Table......Page 6054
Two-mutation Carcinogenesis Model......Page 6059
Two-Phase Sampling - Historical Background......Page 6064
Two-stage Least Squares Regression......Page 6068
Type-specific Covariates in Survival Analysis......Page 6070
Unbiasedness......Page 6071
Uniform Distribution......Page 6074
Uniform Random Numbers......Page 6076
Unimodality......Page 6081
Union Internationale Contre le Cancer......Page 6083
Union-Intersection Principle......Page 6084
Unit of Analysis......Page 6086
Univariate Response......Page 6090
University Group Diabetes Program......Page 6091
Up-and-Down Method......Page 6100
U-Shaped Distribution......Page 6103
U-Statistics......Page 6105
Utility in Health Studies......Page 6109
Utility......Page 6119
Validation Study......Page 6122
Validity and Generalizability in Epidemiological Studies......Page 6129
Variable Selection......Page 6135
Variance Component Analysis......Page 6141
Variance Components......Page 6151
Variance......Page 6163
Varimax Rotation......Page 6165
Variogram......Page 6166
Vector Field Plot......Page 6168
Viral Population Growth Models......Page 6172
Vital Statistics, Overview......Page 6180
Wald, Abraham......Page 6186
Wald's Identity......Page 6190
Wavelet Analysis......Page 6191
Weibull Distribution......Page 6193
Weighted Distributions......Page 6194
Wigner-Ville Distribution......Page 6198
Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test......Page 6199
Wilcoxon, Frank......Page 6201
Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney Test......Page 6203
Wilcoxon-Type Scale Tests......Page 6206
Window Estimate......Page 6211
Wishart Distribution......Page 6213
Women's Health Initiative - Statistical Aspects and Selected Early Results......Page 6214
Worcester, Jane......Page 6224
World Health Organization (WHO) - Biostatistics and Epidemiology......Page 6225
World Health Organization_Global Health Situation......Page 6227
X-Linkage......Page 6235
Yate's Algorithm......Page 6240
Yate's Continuity Correction......Page 6245
Yates, Frank......Page 6247
Youden Squares and Row-Column Designs......Page 6249
Yule Process......Page 6254
Yule, George Udny......Page 6256
Yule–Walker Equations......Page 6258
Z Analysis......Page 6259
Zelen Leadership Award and Lecture......Page 6262
Zero Padding......Page 6263
Zygosity Determination......Page 6264