Emerging Technologies for Sustainable and Smart Energy

Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Editors
Contributors
Chapter 1: Emerging Technologies in Conventional and Nonconventional Energy Sources
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Energy Sources Classification
1.2.1 Conventional Energy Sources
1.2.1.1 Commercial Sources of Energy
1.2.1.1.1 Coal
1.2.1.1.2 Oil and Natural Gas
1.2.1.1.3 Electricity
1.2.1.1.3.1 Nuclear Power
1.2.1.1.3.2 Thermal Power
1.2.1.2 Noncommercial Sources of Energy
1.2.1.2.1 Fuel Woods
1.2.1.3 Advantages of Conventional Sources of Energy
1.2.1.4 Disadvantages of Conventional Sources of Energy
1.2.2 Nonconventional Sources of Energy
1.2.2.1 Solar Energy
1.2.2.2 Wind Energy
1.2.2.3 Tidal Energy
1.2.2.4 Geothermal Energy
1.2.2.5 Bio Energy
1.2.2.6 Advantages of Nonconventional Energy Sources
1.2.2.7 Disadvantages of Nonconventional Energy Sources
1.3 Emerging Technology in Conventional Energy Sources
1.3.1 Advanced Nuclear Reactors
1.3.2 Fusion Energy
1.4 Emerging Technology in Nonconventional Energy Sources
1.4.1 Solar Energy
1.4.1.1 Photovoltaic Cells
1.4.1.2 Concentrated Solar Power Technology
1.4.2 Wind Energy
1.4.2.1 Wind Turbine Generator
1.4.3 Bio-Energy
1.4.3.1 Bio-Fuels
1.4.4 Ocean Thermal and Tidal Energy
1.4.4.1 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)
1.4.5 Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
1.5 Future Scope and Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: Digital Oil Fields and Its Emerging Technologies
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 DOF Cycles and Current Technologies
2.2 Components of DOF
2.2.1 Digital Instrumentation
2.2.2 Process Automation and Control
2.2.3 Data Management and Transmission
2.2.4 User Interface and Visualization
2.2.5 Collaboration and People Organization
2.3 Proved Digital Solutions for Petroleum Industry
2.4 Challenges in Implementing DOF
2.4.1 Culture and Mindset
2.4.2 Skill Gap Is Real
2.4.3 Ecosystem
2.4.4 Lack of Standardization
2.4.5 Cybersecurity
2.5 Future Potential and Emerging Technologies
2.5.1 Future Market Growth
2.5.2 Future Potential with Emerging Technologies
2.5.2.1 Ubiquitous Sensor Networks and Industrial Internet of Things
2.5.2.2 Big-Data Analytics
2.5.2.3 Artificial Intelligence
2.5.2.4 Mobility, Collaboration, Virtual, and Augmented Reality
2.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 3: Big Data Analytics in Oil and Gas Industry
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Overview of Big Data Analytics
3.3 Big Data Analytics in Upstream Sector
3.3.1 Petroleum Exploratory
3.3.2 Drilling and Completion Optimisation
3.3.3 Reservoir Characterisation, Simulation, and Engineering
3.3.4 Production Engineering
3.4 Big Data Analytics in Midstream and Downstream Sector
3.4.1 Oil and Gas Transportation
3.4.2 Refining
3.5 Challenges, Future Steps, and Benefits of Big Data Analytics in Oil and Gas Industry
3.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Recent Trends in Natural Gas and City Gas Distribution Network
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Global Overview
4.3 Forms of Natural Gas available
4.3.1 Liquefied Natural Gas
4.3.2 Compressed Bio Gas
4.3.3 Liquefied Compressed Natural Gas
4.3.4 Hydrogen Compressed Natural Gas
4.4 Smart Stations (COCO, CODO and DODO)
4.4.1 Company Owned-Company Operated
4.4.2 Company Owned-Dealer Operated
4.4.3 Dealer Owned-Dealer Operated (Open Dealer)
4.5 Smart Stations
4.6 Conclusion
Abbreviations
References
Chapter 5: Solar Power Forecasting Using Long Short-Term Memory Algorithm in Tamil Nadu State
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Related Works
5.3 System Architecture and Description
5.3.1 Automatic Meter Data Acquisition
5.3.2 GSM Module Communication
5.3.3 Meter Interface Unit
5.3.4 Zigbee Based AMR System
5.3.5 GSM-ZigBee Coordinator
5.3.6 Characteristics of Solar Irradiation
5.3.7 Pyrometer
5.3.8 Modules in Solar Irradiance Forecasting
5.3.9 System Implementation
5.4 Long Short-Term Memory Networks
5.5 Data Flow Diagram
5.6 Results and Discussion
5.6.1 Import Libraries and Read Data from CSE Files
5.6.2 Retrieve the Year and Day of Year from Time Stamp Index
5.6.3 Create PST for Access Data over a Day
5.6.4 Overall Performance of GHI, DHI, DNI
5.7 Conclusion and Future Scope
References
Chapter 6: Aerodynamics of Wind Turbine
6.1 Introduction
6.2 History
6.3 Classification of Wind Turbines
6.3.1 Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbine
6.3.2 Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine
6.4 Power Available in Wind
6.5 Wind Turbine Power and Its Torque
6.6 Aerodynamics of Wind Turbine
6.6.1 Aerofoil Theory
6.6.1.1 Axial Momentum Theory
6.6.1.2 Blade Element Theory
6.6.1.3 Strip Theory
6.6.2 Rotor Design
6.6.3 Rotor Performance
6.7 Future Scope
References
Chapter 7: Sustainable Bioenergy Generation Based on Agro-Industrial Residues from Paper Industries in India
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Biomass as Potential Energy Generation Alternative
7.2.1 Growth of Biowaste Generation in Urban Areas
7.2.2 Current Practices of Waste Management by Municipal Authorities
7.2.3 Need for Conserving Bioenergy
7.3 Current Scenario of Agro-Industries in India
7.3.1 Biomass in the Paper and Pulp Industry
7.3.2 Using Wastes as Fuel
7.4 Waste to Energy (WtE) Conversion
7.4.1 Direct Techniques for Bioenergy Generation
7.4.2 Indirect Techniques for Bioenergy Generation
7.4.2.1 Gasification
7.4.2.2 Anaerobic Digestion
7.4.2.3 Incineration
7.4.2.4 Pyrolysis
7.4.2.5 Landfilling
7.4.3 Comparative Analysis of the Techniques
7.4.4 Different Biomass Companies in India
7.5 Policies and Current take of Indian Govt to Promote Biomass-Based Electricity Generation
7.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8: Emerging Technologies for Sustainable and Smart Cities Development
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Working Principle of Smart Cities
8.3 Smart City Components and Characteristics
8.4 Challenges in Smart Cities
8.4.1 Key Factors for Making Smart Cities Operational and Successful
8.5 Emerging Technology Frameworks
8.5.1 Internet of Things (IoT)
8.5.1.1 LPWANs
8.5.1.2 Cellular (3G/4G/5G)
8.5.1.3 Zigbee and Other Mesh Protocols
8.5.1.3.1 Bluetooth and BLE
8.5.1.3.2 Wi-Fi
8.5.1.3.3 RFID
8.5.2 Smart Mobility
8.6 Role of Network Monitoring Systems in Smart Cities
8.6.1 Case Studies of Network Monitoring Solutions during Pandemic Situations
8.6.1.1 Temperature Monitoring Systems at a Distance
8.6.1.1.1 Benefits of Temperature Monitoring Systems
8.6.1.1.2 Limitations of Temperature Monitoring Systems
8.6.1.1.3 Use of a Thermal Imaging System
8.6.1.2 Heat Maps Depicting Crowds in Public Places in Real-Time
8.6.1.3 Disinfectant-Spraying Drones
8.6.1.3.1 Robots Serving as Ambassadors from a Safe Distance
8.7 Conclusion and Future Scope
References
Chapter 9: The Implication of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning to Incorporate Intelligence in Architecture of Smart Cities
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Smart City and Its Components
9.2.1 Need for Smart City
9.2.2 Prime Aspects of Developing Smart City
9.2.3 Classification
9.2.3.1 Comparing Future City Models
9.3 Constituting Smart Cities
9.3.1 Benefits of Efficient Urban Planning and Smart City Implementation
9.3.2 Global Trends in Smart Cities
9.3.2.1 Developed Countries ‘Smart City’ Approach
9.3.2.2 Global Investment Potential for Smart Cities
9.3.2.3 Climate-Resilient Smart Cities
9.3.2.4 Converging Governance Needs
9.3.2.5 Developing Smart City Framework
9.3.2.6 India’s Perspective of Smart Cities
9.4 Role of Digital Technologies in Smart City Burgeon
9.4.1 A Governance Roadmap
9.4.2 Abridging Gaps
9.4.3 Policy Benchmarking
9.5 Artificial Intelligence: Shaping the Word
9.5.1 Machine Learning
9.5.2 Artificial Intelligence
9.6 Digitalisation of Smart Cities
9.6.1 Smart Energy Management
9.6.1.1 IoT and Smart Energy Management
9.6.1.2 Big Data Analytics and Smart Grids
9.6.2 Smart Transportation
9.6.2.1 IoT, Data, Analytics and Smart Transportation
9.6.3 Smart Buildings
9.6.4 Smart Waste Management
9.6.5 Cyber Security
9.6.5.1 Implementation of AI and ML for Cybersecurity
9.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 10: The Role of Artificial Intelligence for Intelligent Mobile Apps
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Cardiovascular Accident Prediction
10.2.1 StrokeSave
10.2.2 Working of StrokeSave
10.2.3 StrokeHelp
10.2.4 Working of StrokeHelp
10.3 Skin Disease Diagnosis
10.3.1 Classification Model
10.4 Melanoma Prediction
10.4.1 Prediction Model Development
10.5 Plant Leaf Disease Detection
10.5.1 Model Parameters and Training
10.5.2 Model Performance Metrics
10.6 Hypoglycemia Management
10.6.1 Event Detection
10.6.2 Symptom Assessment
10.6.3 Protocol-Oriented Intervention
10.7 Cardiac Implanted Electrical Devices Detection
10.7.1 Model Development and Training
10.8 Cough Sound Screening for COVID-19
10.8.1 Working of AI4COVID-19 App
10.8.2 Cough Detection
10.8.3 Cough Sound Classification and Metrics
10.9 Conclusion and Future Scope
References
Chapter 11: Role of Emerging Technologies in Energy Transformation and Development of Clean and Green Energy Solutions
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Energy Sources
11.3 Conventional Energy Sources
11.3.1 Oil and Gas
11.3.1.1 Emerging Technologies for Petroleum Exploration and Production
11.3.2 Coal
11.3.2.1 Emerging Technologies in Coal Sector
11.4 Unconventional Energy Sources
11.4.1 Coal Bed Methane
11.4.1.1 CO2 Sequestration
11.4.2 Shale Gas
11.4.2.1 Emerging Technologies Shale Hydraulic Fracturing
11.4.3 Natural Gas Hydrates
11.4.3.1 Modelling and Analysis
11.4.3.2 Fundamental Property Characterization of Hydrate Bearing Sediments
11.5 Non-conventional Renewable Energy Sources
11.5.1 Biofuels
11.5.2 Hydrogen Fuel
11.5.2.1 Methane Pyrolysis
11.5.2.2 Solar Hydrogen Production
11.5.2.3 Biological Hydrogen Production
11.5.2.4 Biomass Gasification
11.5.3 Geothermal Energy
11.5.3.1 Technology Interventions
11.5.4 Tidal Energy
11.5.4.1 Technology Interventions
11.5.5 Wind Energy
11.5.5.1 Technology Interventions
11.5.6 Solar Energy
11.5.6.1 Technology Trends
11.6 Conclusion and Future Scope
References
Index