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Emerging Technologies for Disaster Resilience: Practical Cases and Theories

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Technological advances have helped to enhance disaster resilience through better risk reduction, response, mitigation, rehabilitation and reconstruction. In former times, it was local and traditional knowledge that was mainly relied upon for disaster risk reduction. Much of this local knowledge is still valid in today’s world, even though possibly in different forms and contexts, and local knowledge remains a shared part of life within the communities. In contrast, with the advent of science and technology, scientists and engineers have become owners of advanced technologies, which have contributed significantly to reducing disaster risks across the globe. 

This book analyses emerging technologies and their effects in enhancing disaster resilience. It also evaluates the gaps, challenges, capacities required and the way forward for future disaster management. A wide variety of technologies are addressed, focusing specifically on new technologies such as cyber physical systems, geotechnology, drone, and virtual reality (VR)/ augmented reality (AR). Other sets of emerging advanced technologies including an early warning system and a decision support system are also reported on. Moreover, the book provides a variety of discussions regarding information management, communication, and community resilience at the time of a disaster. This book’s coverage of different aspects of new technologies makes it a valuable resource for students, researchers, academics, policymakers, and development practitioners.

Author(s): Mihoko Sakurai, Rajib Shaw
Series: Disaster Risk Reduction
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2021

Language: English
Pages: 273
City: Singapore

Preface
About This Book
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Part I Application of Emerging Technologies in Disaster Resilience
1 Existing, New and Emerging Technologies for Disaster Resilience
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Categorization of Technologies for DRR
1.3 Enabling Environment
1.4 Innovation in DRR Technologies
1.5 About the Book
References
2 Developing the eXtended Tangible User Interface as an Experimental Platform for Geo CPS
2.1 Introduction
2.2 History of TUI
2.3 CPS Platform in the Geographic Dimension
2.3.1 CPS, IoT, and Geo CPS
2.3.2 Geo CPS Platform
2.4 eXtended TUI for the Geo CPS Platform
2.4.1 Conceptual Framework of eXtended TUI
2.4.2 System Architecture of XTUI
2.4.3 Functions of Geo CPS Platform
2.4.4 Working Scenarios
2.5 Experiment and Potential of Geo CPS
2.5.1 Community Trial in Urban Living Lab
2.5.2 Potential for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)
2.6 Conclusions
References
3 Innovation in Earthquake Early Warning System: A Case Study of EQ Guard
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Literature Review
3.2.1 Earthquake Early Warning Systems
3.2.2 Importance of Earthquake Early Warning Systems
3.2.3 Existing Earthquake Early Warning Systems
3.3 Gaps and Challenges
3.4 A Case Study of EQ Guard
3.5 Discussion
3.6 Way Forward
References
4 Drones for Disaster Risk Reduction and Crisis Response
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Backgrounds
4.1.2 Everything Had Started on November 3, 2011
4.1.3 Outlines
4.2 Why Drones in Disaster?
4.2.1 Needs and Usage of Drone
4.2.2 Drone Specialists/Volunteers in the Devastated Area
4.3 Cases of Risk Surveys by Drones/UAVs
4.3.1 Torrential Rain in Western Japan (July 2018)
4.3.2 Typhoon Hagibis (2019.10)
4.4 Collaboration with Local Municipalities
4.4.1 Provision of Data Collection and Analysis Results
4.4.2 Crisis Response Agreement
4.4.3 Human Resource Development
4.5 Technical Considerations
4.6 Conclusions
References
5 VR/AR and Its Application to Disaster Risk Reduction
5.1 Virtual Reality
5.1.1 Tsunami and Flash Floods when you are Driving a Car
5.1.2 Evaluation of VR Tsunami Driving Simulator
5.1.3 Earthquake
5.2 Augmented Reality
5.2.1 Application of Tsunami and Flash Floods
5.2.2 Application of Heavy Rain and Storm
5.2.3 Application of Fire and Smoke
5.2.4 Evaluation Scheme
5.2.5 Findings
5.3 Discussion
5.4 Conclusion
References
Part II Communication and Community Toward Disaster Resilience
6 Communication Structure, Protocol and Data Model Toward Resilient Cities in Japan
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Methodology
6.3 Data Collection
6.4 Process and Context Identification
6.4.1 Information Collection and Sharing
6.4.2 Information Delivery
6.5 Issues and Requirements
6.5.1 Information Collection and Sharing
6.5.2 Information Delivery
6.5.3 Bottlenecks of Information Systems
6.6 Discussion: Solution Proposition
6.6.1 Common Structure for Information Collection and Sharing
6.6.2 Common Structure for Information Delivery
6.6.3 Policy Implications at the National Level
6.7 Conclusion
References
7 A Conceptual Framework for Designing an Effective Community Resilience Management System
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Frameworks and Approaches for Community Resilience
7.3 The Role of Data and Information and Communication Technology Resilience
7.3.1 Data Resilience
7.3.2 Information Systems Resilience
7.3.3 ICT Networks Resilience
7.4 Proposed Framework for Designing a Community Resilience Management System (CRMS)
7.4.1 Synthesis and Design Requirements for CRMS
7.4.2 An Implementation Scenario in Temporary Large Events During Health Pandemic
7.5 Conclusion
References
8 Social Media Technologies and Disaster Management
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Roles of Social Media During a Disaster
8.3 Risks of Using Social Media During a Disaster
8.4 Frameworks for Understanding Rumor Propagation
8.4.1 Defining a Rumor
8.4.2 Psychological Factors
8.4.3 Roles and Networks
8.5 Rumor Control as Disaster Management
8.5.1 Educational Approach
8.5.2 Technological Approach
8.5.3 Psychological Approach
8.5.4 Outstanding Issues
8.6 Concluding Remarks
References
9 Use of IT for Situation Awareness for Disaster Risk Reduction
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Research Domain of Situation Awareness
9.3 Situation Awareness in the Disaster Management
9.4 IT in Disaster Risk Reduction for Situation Awareness
9.4.1 Information Systems for Immediate Response
9.4.2 Information Systems for Sustained Response
9.4.3 Information Systems for Recovery
9.4.4 Information Systems for Mitigation
9.4.5 Information Systems for Preparedness
9.5 Discussion
9.6 Conclusions
References
10 Emergency Communication and Use of ICT in Disaster Management
10.1 Disaster Aftermath and Fate of Traditional Communication Services
10.2 Requirement of Emergency Communication Services
10.3 Wireless Communication Technologies in Disaster Management: An Overview
10.3.1 Classification of Communication Networks in Emergency
10.3.2 Devices Applications and Supporting Network Architecture
10.4 Wireless Hybrid Communication Networks
10.5 SurakshIT—A Novel Emergency Network Infrastructure Using Hybrid Communication Interfaces
10.5.1 Recent Disaster Incidents in Indian Subcontinent & Technical Viability of SurakshIT
10.5.2 SurakshIT Network Architecture
10.5.3 SurakshIT Software Stack
10.5.4 Working Principal of SurakshIT System
10.5.5 Field Trials and Results
10.5.6 Remarks
10.6 Conclusion
References
Part III Technologies for Decision Support
11 Experimental Command and Control Center for Crisis and Disaster Management: A Living-Lab Approach
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Literature Review
11.2.1 Design and Capabilities of Command and Control Room
11.2.2 Technologies and Command and Control Center
11.2.3 Evaluation in Control Room and Training
11.2.4 Remarks on Literature Review
11.3 Approach: Living-Lab
11.3.1 Living-Lab Concept and Definition
11.3.2 Experimental C2C Living-Lab: From Idea to Realization
11.4 Use Cases and Results
11.4.1 Case A: Usability and Accessibility Tests of the C2C
11.4.2 Case B: Live-X Monitoring of Emergency Management Exercise
11.4.3 Case C: Testing Virtual Training Tools
11.4.4 Summary of the Cases Examples
11.5 Lessons Learned and Future Usage Scenarios
11.5.1 Lessons Learned
11.5.2 Future Scenarios
11.5.3 Impact C2C Research on Societal Security Issues
11.6 Conclusion
References
12 Real-Time Mapping System of Shelter Conditions for Safe Evacuation
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Related Studies
12.3 Proposed System: Concept and Structure
12.4 Case Study and Prototype System
12.4.1 Study Area
12.4.2 Prototype System
12.5 Discussion
12.6 Conclusion
References
13 Decision Support System and New Technologies
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Issues in Disaster Response
13.3 Common Operational Picture and Systems Interoperability
13.4 SIP4D: Shared Information Platform for Disaster Management
13.4.1 Concept of SIP4D
13.4.2 System Configuration
13.5 Challenges in Social Implementation
13.5.1 Increased Overall Efficiency of Information Sharing
13.5.2 Homogenous Integration Processing
13.5.3 Rules and Teams
13.6 Example of Decision Support
13.7 CPS4D: Cyber-Physical System for Disaster Resilience
13.8 Conclusion
References