The book offers comprehensive coverage on novel manifestations of known infections, novel infections with documented ophthalmic involvement, and the growing issue of resistance among certain infections. Filling a much-needed gap in current literary offerings, chapters approach ophthalmic manifestations of infectious disease from a novel perspective. Each chapter is co-written by an ophthalmologist and an infectious disease specialist to provide multidisciplinary insight. This unique analysis of infectious disease enhances the ability of ophthalmologists and infectious disease specialists to identify the manifold manifestations of both common and rare infections in the eye.
Chapters begin with a general introduction, and each contain an Infectious Disease section, along with an Ophthalmology section. The book covers infections such as viral retinitis, fungal infections, syphilis, tuberculosis, vector-borne illnesses, and delve into rarer conditions such as unusual post-operative infections.
Concise and practical, Emerging Ocular Infection will be of use to ID specialists, and ophthalmologists alike.
Author(s): Careen Y. Lowder, Nabin Shrestha, Arthi Venkat
Series: Essentials in Ophthalmology
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 118
City: Cham
Preface
Contents
1: Ocular Tuberculosis
Introduction
Pathogenesis
Pathogenesis of Intraocular Tuberculosis
Clinical Features
Tubercular Anterior Uveitis (TAU)
Tubercular Intermediate Uveitis (TIU)
Tubercular Posterior Uveitis (TPU) and TB Panuveitis (TBP)
Choroidal Tubercles/Tuberculoma
Solitary Choroidal Tuberculoma/ Subretinal Abscess
Tubercular Serpiginous-Like Choroiditis (TB SLC)
TB Retinal Vasculitis (TRV)
Endophthalmitis and Panophthalmitis
Tubercular Optic Neuropathy
Tuberculosis of Ocular Adnexa
Laboratory Testing
Direct Laboratory Evidence of M. tuberculosis Ocular Infection
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Ancillary Ocular Investigations
Color Photography and Ultra-Wide Field Imaging
Fundus Autofluorescence
Fundus Fluorescein Angiography (FFA)
Indocyanine Green Angiography
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
IFN-Gamma Release Assays (IGRA)
Chest Imaging
Treatment of Intraocular Tuberculosis
Management of Intraocular Inflammation
Anti-tuberculosis Treatment
Paradoxical Worsening of IOTB
Conclusion
References
2: Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections
Introduction
Classification of Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria
Ocular Disease Risk Factors and Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Ocular Infections
Ocular Adnexal and Orbital Infection
Conjunctivitis and Scleritis
Keratitis
Endophthalmitis
Chorioretinitis
Extraocular Infections
Diagnostic Testing
Management
Ocular Disease Management
Systemic Therapy
Case Report
References
3: Syphilis: Emerging Ocular Infections
Introduction
Pathogenesis
Clinical Features of Syphilis
Laboratory Testing
Management
Cases
Case 1
Case 2
Summary
References
4: Fungal Infections
Introduction
Endogenous Fungal Chorioretinitis and Endophthalmitis
Route of Entry
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Work-Up
Management
Exogenous Fungal Endophthalmitis
Route of Entry
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Work-Up
Management
Cryptococcosis
Route of Entry
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Work-Up
Management
Coccidioidomycosis
Route of Entry
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Work-Up
Management
Pneumocystosis
Route of Entry
Clinical Features
Diagnostic Work-Up
Management
References
5: Viral Retinitis
Introduction
Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Lab Testing
Management
HSV and VZV Retinitis
CMV Retinitis
Cases
Case 1: VZV Acute Retinal Necrosis
Case 2: CMV Retinitis
References
6: Vector-Borne Infections
Introduction
Pathogenesis
Virology and Diagnosis of Arboviral Infections
Clinical Features
Yellow Fever
Dengue
Zika Virus
West Nile Virus
Chikungunya
Virology and Diagnostic Testing for Arboviral Infections
Yellow Fever
Dengue
Zika Virus
West Nile Virus
Chikungunya
Management
Dengue
Yellow Fever
Zika Virus
West Nile Virus
Chikungunya
Management of Ocular Disease
Cases
Case 1 (Fig. 6.4)
Case 2 (Figs. 6.5 and 6.6)
References
7: Parasitic and Other Unusual Intraocular Infections
Introduction
Intraocular Parasitic Infections
Protozoan Infections
Toxoplasmosis
Nematode Infections
Toxocariasis
Diffuse Unilateral Subacute Neuroretinitis (DUSN)
Loiasis
Onchocerciasis (River Blindness)
Cestode Infections
Cysticercosis
Echinococcosis
Ectoparasites: Arthropods
Ophthalmomyiasis Interna
Unusual Bacterial Infections
Delayed-Onset Postoperative Endophthalmitis
Cases
Case 1: Toxoplasmosis
Case 2: Delayed Postoperative C. acnes Endophthalmitis
Case 3: Delayed Postoperative Micrococcus Endophthalmitis
References
Index
