This book provides expert coverage of the current state of the art in the application of nanotechnologies to cellulose research. It offers a comprehensive collection of topics including nanocellulose isolation, assembly into hierarchical structures, and advanced emerging applications. During the past decades, research in nanocellulose has advanced quickly, driven by the urgent needs for sustainability and the availability of advanced nanotechniques. Although cellulose has been investigated and used for thousands of years, the recent advances in nanotechnology have transformed our view of this natural substance. Cellulose, when present in the highly crystalline nanoscale form, can demonstrate interesting mechanical, optical, and fluidic properties that can be manipulated in designing materials with novel applications.
This book contains 12 chapters. Chapter 1 focuses primarily on the fundamentals of nanocellulose, including general aspects on its structure, isolation, and characterization. Chapters 2-4 summarize the recent progress on assembly of nanocellulose into the macroscopic scale using state-of-the-art techniques. Chapters 5-13 cover the most advanced applications of nanocellulose in emerging areas, including superstrong materials, light management, electronics, energy storage, printed battery, water treatment, nanogenerator, and biomedicine. The book will appeal to upper undergraduate and graduate students through practicing researchers as a comprehensive reference on the subject of nanocellulose and its use in various fields.
Author(s): Liangbing Hu, Feng Jiang, Chaoji Chen
Series: NanoScience and Technology
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 424
City: Cham
Preface
Contents
Contributors
1 Nanocellulose: Native State, Production, and Characterization
1.1 Introduction on Cellulose Nanomaterials
1.2 Producing Cellulose Nanomaterials
1.2.1 Concentrated Mineral Acid Hydrolysis for Producing Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs)
1.2.2 Mechanical Fibrillation for Producing Cellulose Nanofibrils (CNFs)
1.2.3 Understanding Key Processes to Decreasing Mechanical Fibrillation Energy
1.2.4 Chemical Oxidation of Cellulose for Decreasing Mechanical Fibrillation Energy
1.2.5 Acid Hydrolysis to Facilitate Mechanical Fibrillation
1.2.6 Recent Advances and Production of Lignin-Containing Cellulose Nanomaterials
1.3 Characterization of Cellulose Nanomaterials
1.3.1 Morphology
1.3.2 Surface Charge (Zeta Potential) and Surface Characterization
1.3.3 Crystallinity (CrI)
1.3.4 Supramolecular Structure
1.3.5 Elemental Analysis
1.3.6 Thermal Stability
1.3.7 Rheology Measurement
1.4 Comments on Technical and Economic Problems and Future Trends
References
2 Top-Down Processing of Nanocellulose Materials
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Intrinsic Structure and Fabrication Strategies of Top-Down Nanocellulose Materials
2.2.1 Intrinsic Structure and Compositions
2.2.2 Fabrication Strategies
2.3 Structures
2.3.1 3D Structure (Porous Foam Structure and Dense Bulk Structure)
2.3.2 2D Structure (Film)
2.3.3 1D Structure (Fiber)
2.4 Applications of Top-Down Nanocellulose Materials
2.4.1 Lightweight Structural Materials
2.4.2 Thermal Management
2.4.3 Optical Applications
2.4.4 Water-Energy Nexus
2.4.5 Electronics
2.5 Concluding Remarks and Prospects
References
3 Recent Development of Multifunctional Nanocomposites Based on Bacterial Nanocellulose
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Design Principles Underpinning BNC-Based Multifunctional Nanocomposite
3.3 Recent Applications of BNC-Based Multifunctional Nanocomposite
3.3.1 Sensing
3.3.2 Novel BNC-Based Functional Nanocomposites for Energy-Efficient Water Treatment
3.3.3 BNC-Based Flexible Energy Storage Devices
3.4 Comments on the Technical and Economic Problems and Future Trends
References
4 Nanocellulose Aerogels
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Constructing Nanocellulose Aerogels
4.2.1 Freeze-Drying
4.2.2 Supercritical Drying
4.2.3 Atmospheric Pressure Drying
4.2.4 Foaming
4.3 Controlling the Structures, Properties and Functions of the Aerogels
4.3.1 Building Blocks
4.3.2 Precursor Concentration
4.3.3 Ice Template
4.3.4 Processing Before Drying
4.3.5 Integration with Active Components
4.3.6 Carbonization
4.3.7 Post-treatment
4.4 Applications
4.4.1 Energy Storage
4.4.2 Triboelectric Nanogenerator
4.4.3 Sensor
4.4.4 Water Purification
4.4.5 Thermal Insulation
4.4.6 Scaffold
4.5 Conclusion
4.5.1 Technical and Economic Problems
4.5.2 Future Trends
References
5 Nanocellulose-Based Materials with Superior Mechanical Performance
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Design Principles of Strong and Tough Nanocellulose-Based Materials
5.3 Superb Mechanical Performance of Nanocellulose-Based Materials
5.4 Modeling Approaches Explaining the Multi-scale Mechanics
5.5 Future Perspectives and Limitations
5.6 Conclusion
References
6 Light Management of Nanocellulose Films
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Design Principles and Theories
6.2.1 The Nature of Light
6.2.2 Structural Hierarchy of Cellulose
6.2.3 Optical Properties of Multiscale Cellulose
6.2.4 Structure of Nanocellulose Film
6.2.5 Optical Properties of the Nanocellulose Film
6.3 Current Strategies in Light Management of Nanocellulose Film
6.3.1 Light Transmission
6.3.2 Transmission Haze
6.3.3 Structural Color
6.3.4 Circularly Polarization
6.3.5 Bright Whiteness
6.4 Potential Applications of Nanocellulose Film
6.4.1 Optoelectronics
6.4.2 Smart Photonic Applications
6.5 Conclusions and Perspective
References
7 Nanocellulose Paper for Flexible Electronic Substrate
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Advantages and Limitations for Nanocellulose Paper Electronic Substrate
7.2.1 Flexible, Light, and Transparent
7.2.2 Mechanical Strong
7.2.3 Thermal Stable
7.2.4 Biodegradable and Biocompatible
7.2.5 Limitations
7.3 Electrodes for Nanocellulose Paper Substrate
7.3.1 Conductive Nanoparticle
7.3.2 Conductive Nanowire
7.3.3 Conductive Nanosheet
7.3.4 Conductive Polymer
7.4 Flexible Electronics with Nanocellulose Paper Substrate
7.4.1 Electromechanical Transducer
7.4.2 Energy Storage Device
7.4.3 Solar Cell
7.4.4 Thin Film Transistor
7.4.5 Organic Light Emitting Diode
7.4.6 Touch Screen
7.5 Conclusion and Future Prospects
References
8 Energy Storage Applications
8.1 Fundamentals of Energy Storage Devices
8.2 Key Challenges Addressed Using Nanocellulose
8.3 Nanocellulose for Energy Storage Applications
8.3.1 Nanocellulose-Structured Electrodes
8.3.2 Nanocellulose-Derived Carbon
8.3.3 Nanocellulose-Based Separators
8.4 Future Perspectives
References
9 Cellulose-Based Printed Power Sources
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Principles and Uniqueness of Printed Batteries
9.2.1 Printing Techniques
9.2.2 Preparation and Characterization of Battery Component Inks
9.2.3 Recent Advances in Printed Batteries and Their Applications
9.3 Cellulose in Printed Batteries
9.3.1 Cellulose as Battery Components
9.3.2 Cellulose as Printing Substrates
9.4 Recent Advances in Cellulose-Based Printed Battery Systems
9.4.1 Cellulose-Based Printed Supercapacitors (SCs)
9.4.2 Cellulose-Based Printed Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs)
9.4.3 Cellulose-Based Printed Batteries Based on Other Electrochemical Systems
9.5 Summary and Future Outlook
References
10 Nanocellulose for Water Treatment Applications
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Nanocellulose-Based Membranes or Filters
10.2.1 All-Cellulose Membranes
10.2.2 Nanocellulose-Based Composite Filtration Membranes
10.2.3 Wood-Based Nanocellulose Monolith Filters
10.3 Nanocellulose-Based Adsorbents/Absorbents
10.3.1 Adsorption Theory of Nanocellulose-Based Adsorbents
10.3.2 Nanocellulose-Based Adsorbents for the Removal of Dyes and Heavy Metal Ions
10.3.3 Regeneration of Nanocellulose-Based Adsorbents
10.3.4 Nanocellulose Absorbents for Oil Remediation
10.4 Nanocellulose-Based Solar Conversion Devices Toward the Water–Energy Nexus
10.4.1 Mechanism and Evolution of Solar-Driven Steam Generators
10.4.2 Design Principles for Nanocellulose-Based Solar Evaporators
10.5 Perspective
References
11 Engineering of Nanocellulose Thin Films for Triboelectric Nanogenerator Development
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Triboelectric Nanogenerator and Mechanical Energy Harvesting
11.3 Nanocellulose Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator Development
11.3.1 Fabrication of TENG Using CNF Thin Films
11.3.2 Electric Output of CNF-Based TENG
11.3.3 Development of Energy Harvesting Fiber Boards
11.4 Chemical Modification and All-Cellulose Triboelectric Nanogenerators
11.4.1 Functionalization of CNFs
11.4.2 Quantification of Figure of Merit (FOM) and Triboelectric Output
11.5 CNF-Based Flexible, Transparent and Conductive Films for Degradable TENG
11.5.1 Fabrication of AZO-CNF Film for TENG
11.5.2 Property Characterization of AZO-CNF Films
11.5.3 Degradable TENG Development
11.6 Conclusion
References
12 Biomedical Applications of Nanocellulose
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Nanocellulose Types
12.2.1 Nanocrystalline Cellulose
12.2.2 Nanofibrillated Cellulose
12.2.3 Bacterial Cellulose/Nanocellulose
12.2.4 Bio-cellulose
12.3 Biomedical Applications
12.3.1 Cardiovascular Devices
12.3.2 Skin Tissues Regeneration
12.3.3 Bone and Cartilage
12.3.4 Neuronal Tissue Regeneration
12.3.5 Wound Healing
12.3.6 Eye Implants
12.3.7 Drug Delivery Systems
12.3.8 Biosensors
12.3.9 3D/4D Printed Scaffolds and Hydrogels
12.3.10 Others
12.4 Conclusions and Prospects of Using Nanocellulose-Based Composites for Biomedical Applications
References
Index
