Emerging IT/ICT and AI Technologies Affecting Society

Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Sensing Layer—Layered Architecture for Efficient Operation of Intelligent Power System
1 Introduction
2 Intelligent Power System Layered Architecture—Introduction
2.1 Power System Layer
2.2 Communication Layer
3 Sensing Layer of Layered Architecture of Power System
3.1 Power System Sensing Layer (PSSL)—Introduction
3.2 Objectives of PSLA—Sensing Layer
3.3 Sensor Placement—Decisive Factor
3.4 Power System Sensing Layer (PSSL) —Sub-layers
3.5 Sensing Physical Device (SFD)—Design and Functionality
3.6 Sensing Computational Module (SCM)
4 Protocols of PSLA Sensing Layer
5 Benefits of Intelligent Power Systems
6 Real-time Application of Intelligent Power System
7 Conclusions and Further Research
References
An Enhanced Model for Fake News Detection in Social Media Using Hybrid Text Representation
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Proposed Methodology
3.1 TF-IDF with N-grams Model for Vectorization
3.2 Dimensionality Reduction by Feature Selection Using LSI
4 Dataset Description and Pre-processing
5 Results and Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
A Smart Healthcare Design of Carryable Drip Frame with Fuzzy-PID Controllers
1 Introduction
2 Proportional–Integral–Derivative Controller
3 The Adaptive Fuzzy-PID Controller
3.1 Fuzzy Input Variables
3.2 The Design Rule of Kp
3.3 The Design Rule of Ki
3.4 The Design Rule of Kd
3.5 Fuzzy Output Variables
4 The Fuzzy-PID Neural Network Controller
4.1 PID Neural Network
4.2 Input Layer
4.3 Hidden Layer
4.4 Output Layer
4.5 Back-Propagation (BP) Algorithm
5 System Implementation
5.1 Hardware
5.2 Software
6 Performance Evaluation
6.1 Experiment 1
6.2 Experiment 2
7 Conclusion
References
Kernel Learning Estimation: A Model-Free Approach to Tracking Randomly Moving Object
1 Introduction
2 Nonlinear Kernel Mapping
3 Moving Target Tracking Using Kernel Learning Estimation
3.1 Target Detection
3.2 Generative Tracking
3.3 Discriminant Tracking
4 Multiple Kernel Learning
5 Discussion and Prospect
6 Conclusion
References
Transforming Medical Data into Ontologies for Improving Semantic Interoperability
1 Introduction
2 Semantic Modeling and OWL Ontology
3 Semantic Interoperability Issues
4 Solving Semantic Interoperability Issues Using Ontologies
5 How to Construct an Ontology?
5.1 Ontology Engineering
6 Building Medical Ontology
7 Transforming Medical Data from Existing Formats to Ontologies
8 Semantic Interoperability in Health Care: Benefits and Challenges
9 Conclusions
References
A Novel Fusion Scheme for Face Recognition in Challenging Conditions
1 Introduction
2 Illustration of PCA, LBP and LPQ
2.1 Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
2.2 Local Binary Pattern (LBP)
2.3 Local Phase Quantization (LPQ)
3 The Fusion Scheme (PCA + LBP + LPQ)
4 Results
4.1 Datasets Description
4.2 Details with Respect to Feature Size
4.3 Recognition Rate Calculation
4.4 Recognition Rate Comparison with Literature Techniques
5 Conclusions and Future Scope
References
High-Performance Computing with Artificial Intelligence Benefits for the Civilization Impacted by the COVID-19 Pandemic
1 Introduction
2 HPC for AI
3 Data Gathering and Dispensation in COVID-19 from Heterogeneous Clusters
4 AI Techniques for CoV-19 Using HPC
4.1 ML/AI and HPC Techniques
4.2 Multipurpose Applications with ML and HPC Techniques
4.3 HPC for AI in Edge Computing
5 Conclusions and Future
References
Quality of Life Estimation Using a Convolutional Neural Network Technique
1 Introduction
1.1 Scope and Purpose
2 Related Work
3 Proposed Approach
3.1 Natural Language System
3.2 Experiment with Interpersonal Relationships
3.3 Preprocessing of Audio Data
3.4 Learning Estimation System
3.5 Questionnaire–Answer Estimation
3.6 Score Regression
3.7 Questionnaire–Answer Estimation
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Results
4.2 Discussion
5 Conclusion and Feature Work
References
E-learning During COVID-19—Challenges and Opportunities of the Education Institutions
1 Introduction
2 E-learning
2.1 E-learning Platforms
2.2 E-learning Tools
3 Difference Between E-learning and Online Learning
4 E-learning During COVID-19
5 Challenges of E-learning
6 Opportunities of E-learning
6.1 Improving Curricula
6.2 Reinforce Distance Learning
6.3 Interactive and Practical Learning Experience
6.4 Enhances the Creativity and Critical Learning
6.5 Enhances the Online Resources
6.6 Exchange Knowledge Overseas
6.7 Cost-Effective and Ensures Flexibility
6.8 Facilitate Learning at Your Own Pace and Path
6.9 Boosts Motivation to Learn
7 Conclusion
References
Real-Time Human–Machine Interaction Through Voice Augmentation Using Artificial Intelligence
1 Introduction
2 Methodology and Materials
3 Experimental Results
3.1 Quantitative Measures
3.2 Qualitative Measures
4 Conclusion
References
Gamification in Education and Its Impact on Student Motivation—A Critical Review
1 Introduction
2 Features of Gamification
3 Gamification, Education, and Motivation
4 Problem Statement and Research Objectives
4.1 Research Objectives
4.2 Research Methods
5 Discussion
6 Conclusion
7 Way Forward
References
Suspicious Human Behaviour Detection Focusing on Campus Sites
1 Introduction
2 Problem Statement and Previous Knowledge
2.1 Suspicious Behaviour Definition
2.2 Suspicious Behaviour
2.3 Problem Statement
3 Literature Overview on Campus-Based Behaviour Detection Models
4 Proposed Model
4.1 System Architecture
4.2 Camera Placement and Video Surveillance
4.3 Feature Categorization and Dataset Description
4.4 Implementation
5 Result Analysis
6 Conclusion
References
The Security in Networks Through Short Normalized Attack Graph Modeling
1 Introduction
2 Literature Survey
3 Proposed System: Short Normalized Attack Graph Modeling
3.1 MP Graph
3.2 Dynamic Stochastic Modeling
3.3 Illustration: Case 1: Halt Condition
3.4 Case 2: Variability Case
4 Simulation Results
5 Conclusion
References
A Conception of Blockchain Platform for Milk and Dairy Products Supply Chain in an Indian Context
1 Introduction
2 Organization of This Article
3 Context and Setting
4 The Prospect of Blockchain Technology
5 Objectives of the Study
6 Literature Review on Blockchain in Dairy Industry
7 Methodology
7.1 Inference from the Interviews
7.2 Process Analysis
8 Proposed Blockchain Platform
8.1 Blockchain Platform for Milk and Dairy Supply Chain: The Model Explained
8.2 Module Structure of Logistics Platform
9 Findings and Challenges
10 Conclusion
References
Blockchain Technology in Financial Sector and Its Legal Implications
1 Introduction
1.1 Blockchain Technology: Meaning and Nature
1.2 Opportunities with Blockchain Technology
2 Blockchain Technology in Financial Sector
2.1 Benefits of Blockchain Technology in Financial Sector
3 Areas to be Regulated
3.1 Taxation
3.2 Payment Regulation KYC (Know Your Customer) and AML (Anti Money Laundering) Laws
3.3 IP (Intellectual Property) Laws on Mining
3.4 Laws on Tokenization (NFT—Non-fungible Token)
3.5 Laws on ICO (Initial Coin Offering) IDO (Initial Dex Offering) IEO (Initial Exchange Offering), and STO (Security Token Offering)
3.6 Laws on Smart Contract
3.7 Laws Related Privacy
3.8 Laws on Defi (Decentralized Finance) Composability
3.9 Consumer Protection Law
3.10 Regulation of Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO)
3.11 Laws on Cryptocurrency
4 Impending Challenges and Need for Regulation of Blockchain Technology
5 Conclusion
References
Artificial Intelligence in Education
1 Introduction
2 Background of Artificial Intelligence in Education History
2.1 Objectives of the Study
2.2 Rationale for Education Technology
3 Artificial Education (AI) Development in Education
3.1 Results of Learning
3.2 Lecture Room Practices
3.3 Environment
4 Technology Tools in Education and its Applications
5 Evolution of Artificial Intelligence’s Impact on Education
5.1 Limitations to Artificial Intelligence’s Application in Education
5.2 Ethical Concerns in Educational Technology Platforms
6 Practical Implications
7 Conclusion
References
An Impact of COVID-19 a Well-Being Perspective for a New World
1 Introduction
1.1 Data Modeling and Prediction
2 COVID-19 Impact on Mental Health
3 Impact of COVID-19 on Unchangeable Environmental
4 An Impending Recommendation for Post COVID-19
References
Machine Vision Systems for Smart Cities: Applications and Challenges
1 Machine Vision
1.1 Components of Machine Vision System
2 Smart City
3 Machine Vision Applications for Smart Cities
3.1 Perimeter Intrusion Detection
3.2 Detection of Violence and Risky Circumstances
3.3 Vandalism Detection by Monitoring Object Activities
3.4 Regulatory Compliance, Enforcement, and Inspections
3.5 Video Surveillance in Suicide Prevention
3.6 Disaster Management
3.7 Inspection and Monitoring of Civil Infrastructure
3.8 Weapon Identification and Reporting as a Means of Threat Monitoring
3.9 Social Distancing Monitoring and Violation Alert
3.10 Automated Temperature Checking and Facial Mask Detection
3.11 Infection Prevention Strategy Monitoring
3.12 Traffic Monitoring and Control
3.13 Smart Parking
3.14 Productivity Analytics
3.15 Visual Inspection of Equipment
3.16 Quality Control
3.17 Skill Training
3.18 Health Care
4 Challenges of Machine Vision Applications
5 Conclusion
References
Emerging Non-invasive Brain–Computer Interface Technologies and Their Clinical Applications
1 Introduction
2 Hardware
2.1 Acquisition Hardware
2.2 Interactive Components
3 Signal Acquisition/Techniques
3.1 Steady-State Visual Evoked Potential
3.2 Motor Imagery
4 Applied Technologies
4.1 Identification of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
4.2 BCI Enhanced Rehabilitation
4.3 Applied Sleep Monitoring
5 Conclusion
Appendix 1: References for Wet-electrode EEG Systems
Appendix 2: References for Dry-electrode EEG Systems
References
Artificial Intelligence-Monitored Procedure for Personal Ethical Standard Development Framework in the E-Learning Environment
1 Introduction
2 Ethics
2.1 Ethics in Day to Day Life
2.2 Ethics: Nature Versus Nurture
2.3 Ethics in Society
3 The Relevance of Panopticon
3.1 Applying Panopticon-Derived Ideas into Everyday Life
4 Unethical Behaviour and E-Learning
5 Artificial Intelligence as a Self-trainer for Ethical Development
5.1 Personal Ethical Standard Development Framework
5.2 Habit Development Loop
6 Conclusion
References
The Horizontal Handover Mechanism Using IEEE 802.16 E Standard
1 Introduction
1.1 Technological Requirement
1.2 Emerging Demands
1.3 IEEE Architectures
1.4 Mobility Management Protocols
2 Related Work
3 Proposed System
4 Result Analysis and Discussions
5 Conclusion
References