Emerging contaminants (ECs) are predominantly unregulated anthropogenic chemicals that occur in air, soil, water, food, and plant/animal tissues in trace concentrations. ECs are persistent in the environment, capable of perturbing the physiology of target receptors and, therefore, are increasingly regarded as a subject of concern. This volume aims to enhance understanding of emerging contaminants’ effects on plants and the environment and to highlight and address the need of sustainable and eco-friendly approaches in mitigating and remediating the effects of ECs. The book comprises chapters from diverse areas dealing with biotechnology, microbial technology, nanotechnology, molecular biology, remediation, and more. This volume will be useful to remediation practitioners, researchers, regulators and graduate students.
Author(s): Tariq Aftab (editor)
Series: Emerging Contaminants and Associated Treatment Technologies
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 354
City: Cham
Preface
Contents
About the Editor
Chapter 1: An Insight Into the Consequences of Emerging Contaminants in Soil and Water and Plant Responses
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
1.3 Nanomaterials
1.4 Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products
1.5 Micro- and Nanoplastics
1.6 Agrochemicals
1.7 Interaction Between Emerging Contaminants and Plants
1.8 Future Scope of Study on Emerging Contaminant
1.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: Impact of Emerging Metal-Based NPs on Plants and Their Influence on the Phytotoxicity of Other Pollutants
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Nanoparticles and the Plant’s Environment
2.3 Positive Effects of Metal-Based NPs on Plants
2.4 Negative Effects of Metal-Based NPs in Plants
2.5 Nanoparticle Interactions with Co-existing Contaminants
2.6 Mechanisms Underlying the Influence of NP-Contaminant Interaction on the Joint Toxicity
2.7 Effects of Combined Exposure to NPs and Co-existing Contaminants on Their Accumulation and Toxicity to Plants
2.7.1 The Interaction Between NPs and Metal/Metalloid
2.7.2 The Interaction Between Different NPs
2.7.3 The Interaction Between NPs and Organic Compounds
2.8 Conclusions
References
Chapter 3: Potential Toxic Effects of Metal or Metallic Nanoparticles in Plants and Their Detoxification Mechanisms
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Toxic Effects of Metal-Based Nanoparticles in Plants
3.3 Factors Influencing the Toxic Effects of Nanoparticles
3.3.1 Form and Composition of NPs
3.3.2 Difference in Seed Size or Quality and Plant Growth Stages
3.3.3 Mode of NP Application and Applied Dose
3.3.4 Coating Material
3.3.5 Application Media
3.4 Detoxification Mechanisms of Metal-Based Nanoparticles
3.4.1 Antioxidants as ROS Scavenger
3.4.2 Modification of Adsorption Surfaces
3.4.3 Phytohormones or Signaling Molecules
3.4.4 Omics Approaches
3.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 4: Non-standard Physiological Endpoints to Evaluate the Toxicity of Emerging Contaminants in Aquatic Plants: A Case Study on the Exposure of Lemna minor L. and Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. to Dimethyl Phthalate (DMP)
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Experimental Approach
4.3 Results and Discussion
4.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5: Pesticides: Impacts on Agriculture Productivity, Environment, and Management Strategies
5.1 Introduction
5.2 History of Pesticide Use
5.3 Classification of Pesticides
5.4 Impact of Pesticide Use in Agriculture
5.4.1 Target Effects of Pesticide on Organism
5.4.2 Resistance in Pests to Pesticides
5.4.3 Pest Resurgence
5.5 Non-target Effects of Pesticide on Organism
5.5.1 Earthworms
5.5.2 Pollinators
5.6 Pesticide Pollution
5.6.1 Effects of Pesticides on Humans
5.6.1.1 Pesticides and Their Consequences
5.6.2 Environmental Effect of Pesticides
5.6.3 Illness That Lasts a Long Time
5.7 Pesticide Exposure
5.8 Pesticides and the Loss of Biodiversity
5.9 Pesticide Impact on Soil Environment
5.10 Weed Flora and Pesticides
5.11 Pesticide Management Strategies
5.11.1 Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
5.11.2 Cultural Management
5.11.3 Physical and Mechanical Control
5.11.4 Use of Nanotechnology
5.11.5 Allelochemicals Are Used to Control Pests
5.11.6 Chemical Management
5.12 When Should Pesticides Be Applied?
5.13 Pesticide Dosage
5.14 Pesticide Placement
5.15 Concluding Remarks and Future Prospects
References
Chapter 6: Occurrence, Distribution, and Fate of Emerging Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in the Environment
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
6.1.2 Common Properties of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
6.1.3 Classification of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
6.1.4 Types of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
6.1.4.1 Intentionally Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs)
Industrial Chemicals
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
Brominated Compounds
6.1.4.2 Unintentionally Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
Dioxins and Furans
6.1.5 Occurrence of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
6.1.6 Distribution and Environmental Fate of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
References
Chapter 7: Phyco-remediation: Role of Microalgae in Remediation of Emerging Contaminants
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Types of Emerging Contaminants
7.2.1 Wastewater Contaminants
7.2.1.1 Degradation Challenges of Emerging Contaminants in Wastewater Treatment
7.2.1.2 Ecological Fate of Emerging Contaminants
7.2.1.3 Eco-toxicological Risks of Emerging Contaminants
7.2.2 Pesticides
7.2.3 Endocrine Disruptors
7.2.4 Pharmaceutical Products
7.2.5 Personal Care Products
7.2.6 Surfactants
7.2.7 Antibiotics
7.2.8 Persistent Organic Compounds
7.3 Bioremediation
7.3.1 Phyco-remediation
7.3.2 Limiting Factors of Phyco-remediation
7.3.3 Bio-adsorption of Emerging Contaminants (ECs) by Microalgae
7.3.4 Phyco-accumulation of Emerging Contaminants
7.3.5 Extracellular Degradation of ECs
7.4 New Tactics for Phyco-remediation of Emerging Contaminants
7.5 Application of Algae in Advanced Oxidation Processes
7.6 Application of Algae in Phyco-Energy Cells/Batteries
7.7 Application of Genetically Modified Algae in Remediation Potential
References
Chapter 8: Contamination of Sewage Water with Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients: An Emerging Threat to Food Products and Human Health
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Emergence of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Contaminated Water and Solid Waste
8.1.1.1 Types of Different Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
8.1.1.2 Sources of Production of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
8.1.2 Factors Affecting Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
8.2 The Fate of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
8.2.1 Soil Interactions
8.2.2 Environmental Transformation
8.2.3 Microbial Transformation
8.2.4 Leaching
8.3 Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients: Toxicological Profile
8.3.1 Soil Biota
8.3.2 Aquaculture
8.3.3 Plants
8.4 Strategies for Remediation of Soil Contaminated with Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients: Prospects and Challenges
References
Chapter 9: Physiological and Molecular Mechanism of Nanoparticles Induced Tolerance in Plants
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Fate and Behavior of Nanoparticles in Soils
9.3 Translocation, and Deposition of Nanoparticles in Plants
9.4 Effects of Nanoparticles
9.4.1 Plant Physiological Activities Under Stresses
9.4.2 Enzymatic and Non-enzymatic Antioxidant Activities Under Stress
9.4.3 On Growth and Overall Performance of Plants Under Stresses
9.5 Molecular Mechanism
9.6 Conclusion and Prospects
References
Chapter 10: Arsenic and Cadmium Toxicity in Plants: Mitigation and Remediation Strategies
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Uptake and Translocation Mechanism of Arsenic and Cadmium in Plants—Similarities and Differences
10.2.1 Arsenic Uptake and Translocation
10.2.2 Cadmium Uptake and Translocation
10.3 Agro-ecotoxicological Effects of Arsenic and Cadmium
10.3.1 Seed Germination
10.3.2 Plant Growth and Development
10.3.3 Photosynthetic System
10.3.4 Oxidative Damage
10.3.5 Nutrient Uptake and Water Relation
10.4 Detoxification Strategies of Plants to Fight Arsenic and Cadmium Stress
10.4.1 Cell Wall Deposition of Cd and As
10.4.2 Cytoplasmic Chelation
10.4.3 Vacuolar Sequestration
10.4.4 Metallothionein-Based Detoxification
10.4.5 Plant Defensins
10.4.6 Cd and As Efflux
10.5 Bioremediation Techniques to Alleviate Arsenic and Cadmium Stress
10.5.1 Soil Composition Changes
10.5.1.1 Biochar and Nutrient Management
10.5.2 Application of Nanotechnology
10.5.3 Genetic Engineering Approach
10.6 Conclusion and Future Perspectives for Metal-Free Agriculture
References
Chapter 11: Remediation of Persistent Organic Pollutants Using Advanced Techniques
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Remediation Techniques for POP Pollution
11.3 Chemical Treatment Methods
11.4 Adsorption
11.5 Membrane Technology
11.6 Advanced Oxidation Processes
11.7 Bioremediation
11.8 Rhizoremediation
11.9 Case Study: Reduction of Phenanthrene in Trifolium repens L. by Diaphorobacter sp. Phe15
11.10 Fungal Degradation
11.11 Phytoremediation
11.12 Techniques of Phytoremediation
11.13 Aquatic Macrophytes
11.14 Advantages of Bioremediation
11.15 Disadvantages of Bioremediation
11.16 Comparison of Conventional and Advanced Techniques
11.17 Future Prospect
11.18 Conclusion
References
Chapter 12: Multiple Adaptation Strategies of Plants to Mitigate the Phytotoxic Effects of Diverse Pesticides and Herbicides
12.1 Introduction
12.2 History of Pesticide and Herbicide Usage
12.3 Classification of Pesticides
12.4 Pesticide- and Herbicide-Mediated Phytotoxicity
12.4.1 Impacts of Pesticide and Herbicide Compounds on Plant Growth and Development
12.4.2 Physiological Impacts of Pesticides and Herbicides
12.4.3 Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of Different Pesticides
12.4.4 Herbicides and Pesticides Affect Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis
12.4.5 Herbicides and Pesticides Severely Affect Ecosystem and Plant Communities
12.4.6 Plant Adaptations to the Adverse Effects of Pesticides and Herbicides
12.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 13: Carbon-Based Hybrid Materials for Remediation Technology
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Synthesis of CNMs
13.3 CNMs for the Removal of ECs
13.3.1 Removal of Pharmaceutical Compounds
13.3.2 Removal of Endocrine-Disrupting Compound
13.3.3 Removal of Personal Care Product
13.4 Conclusion
References
Index
