Embracing and Managing Change in Tourism: A Casebook

BOOK COVER......Page 1
HALF-TITLE......Page 2
TITLE......Page 3
COPYRIGHT......Page 4
CONTENTS......Page 5
FIGURES......Page 8
TABLES......Page 10
CHAPTER SUMMARIES......Page 13
NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS......Page 24
Change contexts to tourism management......Page 32
The complexity of tourism management responses to change......Page 35
Case studies of change management in tourism......Page 37
Scales of tourism operation......Page 38
Embracing and managing change in tourism: international case studies......Page 39
References......Page 40
2 NAFTA AND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT POLICY IN NORTH AMERICA......Page 48
Facilitation of travel credit finance......Page 49
Increased concern for the environment......Page 50
Summary......Page 51
NAFTA’s advocates......Page 52
NAFT A’s opponents......Page 53
Arrivals and departures......Page 55
Other effects......Page 57
Conclusion......Page 58
References......Page 59
3 REGIONAL TOURISM IN AFRICA......Page 60
Tourism in development—a synthesis......Page 61
Global context......Page 62
Regional context......Page 63
Regional African context......Page 64
A synthesis......Page 68
Concepts of ‘regionalism’ and ‘regional tourism’......Page 69
Support for regional tourism......Page 70
Regional tourism support programmes......Page 72
Critical issues......Page 73
Conclusion......Page 76
References......Page 77
4 TOURISM PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION IN THE POLISH CITY OF KALISZ......Page 80
Poland......Page 81
Kalisz......Page 83
A tourism blueprint for action—a development scenario......Page 86
Organisation, marketing and promotion plan......Page 88
Tourism products plan......Page 93
Conclusions......Page 94
Recommended Structure for Kalisz Tourism Plan......Page 98
Acknowledgements......Page 99
References......Page 100
The urban context to tourism......Page 102
Tourists and other city space users......Page 103
The challenges facing Canterbury......Page 104
Visitor pressure......Page 106
Policy responses in Canterbury......Page 108
Visitor management experience and new initiatives in Canterbury......Page 110
The City Visitor Manager......Page 111
The visitors’ experience of Canterbury......Page 113
Coach groups......Page 114
Managing visitor flows to the cathedral......Page 117
Analysis of the Canterbury City Centre Initiative......Page 118
Application of a soft, open systems framework to Canterbury......Page 119
Further development of the Canterbury City Centre Initiative......Page 121
Discussion and conclusion......Page 123
General references......Page 124
6 RELIVING THE DESTINATION LIFE CYCLE IN COOLANGATTA......Page 128
Butler’s destination life cycle model......Page 129
The History of Tourism at Coolangatta......Page 132
Individual mass tourism, the first wave (incipient development, 1900–30)......Page 133
The shoestring tradition (1930s)......Page 136
Early visions and the perpetuation of the Cinderella syndrome......Page 137
The golden era: the second wave (1940s–1960s)......Page 138
Creeping stagnation (1970s and beyond)......Page 141
Getting Cinderella out of the kitchen: the tensions of rejuvenation......Page 143
Conclusion......Page 145
General references......Page 146
7 TOURISM MARKETING AND THE SMALL ISLAND ENVIRONMENT......Page 148
Island tourism......Page 149
Butler’s tourism area cycle of evolution and tourism marketing......Page 152
Lessons from the Edge: The North Atlantic Islands Programme......Page 155
The seven islands—heterogeneity and homogeneity......Page 157
Conclusion......Page 167
References......Page 168
Two paradigms: two ‘modi operandi’......Page 170
Entrepreneurial discontinuity: phase-shift management......Page 173
The case of alpine ski resorts......Page 176
Modelling resorts......Page 177
Modelling systems......Page 178
The entrepreneurial approach......Page 179
A phase-shift view of resorts: the process of creation......Page 180
A phase-shift view of resorts: the process of managing......Page 181
A phase-shift view of systems......Page 182
A phase-shift view of markets......Page 183
A rational world built on chaos......Page 185
A chaotic world rationalised......Page 186
Conclusion......Page 188
Special sources......Page 190
General references......Page 191
Characteristics of the economy......Page 200
Social consequences......Page 201
The ecotourism phenomenon......Page 204
Definition......Page 205
Ecotourism in Saskatchewan and Manitoba......Page 206
Current extent of ecotourism......Page 207
Opportunities and constraints......Page 209
Urban context zone......Page 211
Wilderness......Page 214
References......Page 215
History......Page 220
The economy......Page 221
The tourism industry......Page 222
Tourism assets and liabilities......Page 223
Village-based tourism......Page 224
The argument for village-based tourism......Page 226
Problems of planning and operation......Page 227
Cultural impediments to village-based tourism......Page 229
The impact of tourism......Page 232
Conclusion......Page 234
References......Page 236
11 TOURISM DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS IN INDONESIA AND THE CASE OF AGRO-TOURISM IN CENTRAL JAVA......Page 238
Tourism development in Indonesia: goals, assets and challenges......Page 240
The sustainable tourism development philosophy......Page 242
Options for tourism development in Indonesia......Page 243
Adapting sustainable tourism development principles to the northern Central Java context......Page 247
The Sodong agro-tourism project......Page 249
Conclusion......Page 254
General references......Page 255
Towards a more sustainable approach......Page 258
A framework for the study of participation in tourism......Page 259
Processes that change participation in tourism......Page 262
Conclusion......Page 267
References......Page 268
13 THE ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF THE ROLE OF CONSERVATION AND TOURISM IN THE REGENERATION OF HISTORIC URBAN DESTINATIONS......Page 270
Urban dynamics......Page 272
The empirical context......Page 273
The case study......Page 275
Appraisal of the Temple Bar project......Page 278
The concept of value......Page 282
Collective consumption goods and externalities......Page 283
Static effects......Page 284
A project appraisal framework......Page 285
Factors facilitating regeneration......Page 286
Postscript......Page 288
Indirect or revealed preference methods......Page 289
An evaluation of static measures......Page 290
An evaluation of dynamic measures......Page 292
An explanation and evaluation of Cost-Benefit Analysis......Page 293
General references......Page 295
14 CONSERVATION AND REGENERATION: TWO CASE STUDIES IN THE ARAB WORLD......Page 298
Salt: regenerating an historic Jordanian town centre......Page 299
The city of Salt......Page 300
Policies for renewal......Page 301
Bastakia (Dubai, United Arab Emirates): a unique survival......Page 303
Dubai’s tourism......Page 304
The role of the built heritage......Page 305
Tourism as part of the regeneration effort......Page 309
Who does what: institutional and implementation themes......Page 310
Bibliography......Page 311
15 DOLPHINS, CANOES AND MARAE......Page 320
Mercury Bay Seafaris......Page 327
Trek Whirinaki......Page 331
Canoe Safaris......Page 334
Discussion......Page 336
References......Page 339
Interpretation and the management of tourism......Page 342
Tourism and the Wet Tropics World Heritage Area......Page 343
The questions that were asked......Page 345
An overview......Page 346
The samples......Page 348
The effectiveness of the interpretation......Page 350
The value of interpretation for the visitor experience......Page 352
The lessons learnt......Page 355
General references......Page 357
Small and medium sized tourism enterprises at the destination......Page 360
Multi-level competitive analysis for small and medium sized tourism enterprises......Page 364
Level 3—competition from differentiated destinations......Page 365
Case study: small and medium sized tourism enterprises in the Greek Aegean islands......Page 367
Tourism supply on the Aegean islands......Page 368
Strategic issues and weaknesses in Aegean island tourism......Page 369
A SWOT analysis of Aegean island tourism SMEs......Page 370
The need for a co-operation scheme for SMTEs: supporting agents for small and medium tourism enterprises......Page 374
The role of a supporting agency for Aegean SMTEs......Page 375
Conclusion......Page 379
References......Page 380
18 FACILITATING TOURIST-HOST SOCIAL INTERACTION......Page 384
Culture shock......Page 386
Analysis of cultural contact......Page 387
Goals......Page 389
Concepts and cognitive structure......Page 390
Indonesia—a case study in tourist host interaction......Page 391
Conclusion......Page 398
References......Page 399
19 A GLOBALISED THEME PARK MARKET?......Page 402
The global theme park market......Page 403
The plan......Page 405
The recovery......Page 407
Cultural......Page 410
Managerial......Page 411
Financial......Page 412
Evaluating Disneyland Paris......Page 413
References......Page 415
Definitions of short breaks......Page 416
Characteristics of the short break market......Page 417
The nature of the hotel unit......Page 419
Competing in the short break market......Page 420
Strategies in the UK short break market......Page 421
Structure—strategy-performance relationships......Page 422
Structure......Page 424
Strategy......Page 425
Market scope......Page 426
Number of sources of competitive advantage......Page 428
Movements in strategic space......Page 429
Implications for destination management of short breaks......Page 430
References......Page 431
21 AN INVESTIGATION OF FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DECISION TO TRAVEL......Page 434
Consumer characteristics......Page 435
Travel characteristics......Page 436
Psychographic (travel benefits sought) variables......Page 437
Conclusions......Page 438
Data collection and sampling......Page 439
Selection of variables......Page 440
Results and conclusions......Page 443
Theoretical implications......Page 447
References......Page 448
22 AN ANALYSIS OF THE PROMOTION OF MARINE TOURISM IN FAR NORTH QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA......Page 452
The case study background......Page 453
The methods used......Page 454
Brochure analysis......Page 455
Market survey......Page 456
Brochure analysis......Page 457
Market survey......Page 461
Summary and conclusions......Page 464
References......Page 466
INDEX......Page 468