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ELT: The Basics

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ELT: The Basics offers a clear, non-jargonistic introduction to English language teaching for EFL/ESL teachers in training, early career teachers, those considering taking up ELT, and experienced teachers who may want to read about the way the profession has developed and continues to evolve.

Key features of this book include:

    • Real classroom data and data from ELT training programmes

    • Discussion of a wide range of learning contexts and different types of learners (young learners, adults, third age, academic, refugees and immigrants, etc.)

    • Comparisons of different types of syllabuses and methods, and discussion of current technologies

    • An emphasis on classroom interaction as the key to maximising learning

    Featuring a glossary of key terms, cartoons and illustrations, further reading, personal reflection points, and discussion of the most important and relevant research, this book is a clear and accessible introduction to the complex field of ELT.

    Author(s): Michael McCarthy, Steve Walsh
    Edition: 1
    Publisher: Routledge
    Year: 2023

    Language: English
    Pages: 212

    Cover
    Endorsements
    Half Title
    Series
    Title
    Copyright
    Dedication
    Contents
    Acknowledgements
    Introduction to the reader
    1 The raw material: language knowledge
    The EL in ELT
    Substance
    The stuff of language
    Sounds
    Intonation
    Writing
    Form
    Words
    Grammar
    Lexicogrammar
    Meaning
    Health, safety, and dinosaurs
    What do you mean?
    Completing the language puzzle
    The discourse process
    Discourse in the classroom
    Templates and genres
    Writing, speaking, or both at once?
    English in the world
    From variation to varieties
    Accents and dialects
    Then what?
    Further reading
    2 Language skills
    Knowledge and skill
    The communication matrix
    Listening
    A stream of sound
    Before, during, and after
    Talking back
    Box-ticking
    The two-sided coin
    Whose voice?
    Speaking
    Go with the flow
    Tell me
    Who’s listening?
    Mind the gap
    Things to consider
    Reading
    Why read?
    Strategies
    Texts: easy or hard?
    Texts: keep it simple?
    Writing
    Pens and keyboards
    Time delay
    Audience design
    Product and process
    The fifth skill
    Further reading
    3 The main actors: learners and learning
    Who are our learners?
    An early start
    Natalia the communicator
    School and peers
    In at the deep end
    Growing up
    CLIL
    The teens
    Adult learners
    Pathways
    A busy life
    Natalia’s mother
    The third age
    Levels and labels
    EFL? ESL?
    More pathways
    Moving through ABC
    Can-do and corpora
    How does it happen?
    Acquisition
    All in the mind?
    SLA: happening or doing?
    Language out there
    A socio-cultural angle
    Conclusion
    Further reading
    4 Syllabuses, materials, methods
    Organising learning
    Curriculum and syllabus
    Organising a syllabus
    Grammar at the centre
    Vocabulary
    The lexical syllabus
    Taken to task
    Tasks to the fore
    A mixed grill
    Materials
    Material issues
    Are they real?
    Do they work?
    Methodology
    Fashions come and go
    What lies beyond?
    Further reading
    5 Being a teacher
    Organising your work
    The classroom
    Planning the lesson
    Classroom management
    You and your colleagues
    Native and expert users
    Observation
    You and your students
    The human factor
    Intelligence
    Power, roles, relationships
    Identities
    We are what we say
    Just you and me
    Doing language teaching
    So far
    PPP? III? TBL? Please notice
    Error correction
    Grammar in the classroom
    Simplicity to complexity
    Power of the -ing form
    Vocabulary: in the mind and in use
    Getting to the core
    Realistic goals
    All in the mind
    Pronunciation
    Whose pronunciation?
    Intonation plus pronunciation
    Conclusion
    Further reading
    6 Classroom interaction
    Interacting
    Talking the talk
    Easy as 1, 2, 3
    SETT: self evaluation of teacher talk
    Managerial mode
    Materials mode
    Skills and systems mode
    Classroom context mode
    Could do better (CIC)
    Conclusion
    Further reading
    7 Learning how to do it: teacher education
    ELTE pathways
    What teachers say
    Getting started: PRESET
    CELTA
    By degrees: BA and MA
    Gaining entry
    Keeping going: INSET
    DELTA
    Professional development ‘in the wild’
    Thinking it through
    A way forward?
    Where’s the evidence?
    It’s good to talk
    The right tools for the job
    Stimulated recall
    Enhancing SETT: SETTVEO
    Further reading
    8 Technology in and out of the classroom
    Out with the old, in with the new
    Corpora
    Looking at language
    Corpora, teachers, and learners
    ELT online
    Technological competencies
    Management competencies
    Teacher interactional competencies
    Taming the wilderness
    Mobile learning
    Screening materials
    Let the machine decide?
    Automated assessment
    Interaction and the bot
    The journey ahead
    Further reading
    Glossary of key terms
    References
    Index