Electronic Technology Handbook

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Cutting edge electronics technology demystified Anyone with a basic technical background can gain a fast understanding of electronics technology with the easy-to-read Electronics Technology Handbook. Electronic engineering newcomers will find this a one-step, non-mathematical resource for clear explanations of electronics technology essentials--from AC theory and generation to wireless communications and microprocessors. Encyclopedic coverage supported with hundreds of concept-clarifying illustrations shows you exactly how contemporary electronic devices and systems work and interact. You'll quickly discover the principles at the heart of such widely used technologies as transistors; integrated circuits; television; ATM machines; cell phones; bar-code readers; sensors; robotics; satellites; electron microscopes; process control; radar; global positioning system; night vision systems; and much more.

Author(s): Neil Sclater
Edition: 1
Year: 1999

Language: English
Pages: 576

Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 17
Overview......Page 19
Fixed Resistors......Page 20
Variable Resistors......Page 25
Capacitors......Page 29
Transformers......Page 38
Filters......Page 41
Passive Filters......Page 43
Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Filters......Page 44
Crystal Frequency Standards......Page 45
Overview......Page 47
Small-Signal Diodes......Page 48
Rectifier Diodes......Page 51
Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs)......Page 52
Field-Effect Transistors......Page 54
Gallium-Arsenide Transistors......Page 58
Power Transistors......Page 60
Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs)......Page 63
Unijunction Transistors (UJTs)......Page 64
Thyristors......Page 65
Electromechanical Relays......Page 69
Electromechanical Switches......Page 74
Special Switches......Page 77
Solenoids......Page 78
Stepper Motors......Page 79
Permanent-Magnet Electric Motors......Page 80
Resolvers......Page 82
Overview......Page 83
Amplifier Circuits......Page 84
Amplifier Coupling......Page 87
Amplifier Bandwidth......Page 88
Amplifier Operating Methods......Page 89
Differential Amplifiers......Page 91
Operational Amplifiers......Page 92
Oscillators......Page 94
Oscillator Examples......Page 95
Overview......Page 101
Schmitt Trigger Circuits......Page 102
Monostable Multivibrators......Page 103
Charge-Coupled Devices (CCDs)......Page 104
Rectifier Circuits......Page 105
Solid-State Relays......Page 106
Power Solid-State Relays......Page 108
Overview......Page 111
Antenna Power Transfer......Page 113
Antenna Polarization......Page 114
Directional Antennas......Page 115
Direct-Aperture Antennas......Page 116
Basic Wire Antennas and Feed Methods......Page 117
Antenna Arrays......Page 124
Long-Wire Antenna Arrays......Page 128
Antenna Reflectors and Lenses......Page 129
Broadband Antennas......Page 132
Special Antennas......Page 135
Overview......Page 139
Coaxial Cable Transmission......Page 141
Waveguide Transmission......Page 142
Waveguide Transmission Modes......Page 143
Waveguide Coupling and Matching......Page 144
Microwave Tubes......Page 145
Magnetron Modulators......Page 151
Microwave Diodes......Page 152
Microwave Transistors......Page 154
Microwave Monolithic Integrated Circuits (MMICs)......Page 155
Microwave Couplers......Page 156
Microwave Phase Shifters......Page 157
Microwave Attenuators......Page 159
Transmit-Receive (TR) Switches......Page 160
Radio Telescopes......Page 161
Masers......Page 162
Overview......Page 165
Operational Amplifier ICs......Page 166
Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs)......Page 167
Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs)......Page 170
Analog Switches......Page 171
Active Filters......Page 172
Sample-and-Hold Amplifiers (SHAs)......Page 173
Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) Circuits......Page 174
Power Integrated Circuits......Page 175
Section 9 Digital Logic and Integrated Circuits......Page 177
Truth Table......Page 178
Flip-Flop Circuit Variations......Page 180
Binary Counters......Page 182
Combinational and Sequential Logic......Page 184
Standard Logic Families......Page 185
Bipolar Versus CMOS Families......Page 186
Speed-Power Graph......Page 187
BiCMOS Integrated Circuits......Page 188
Digital Logic Characteristics......Page 189
Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs)......Page 190
Gate Arrays......Page 191
Standard Cells......Page 192
Semiconductor Memory Devices......Page 193
Semiconductor Memory Families......Page 195
Random-Access Memories (RAMs)......Page 196
Read-Only Memories (ROMs)......Page 199
Universal Receiver-Transmitters......Page 201
Gallium-Arsenide Digital ICs......Page 202
Overview......Page 205
Batteries......Page 206
Primary Electrochemical Systems......Page 207
Lithium Primary Cells......Page 209
Secondary Battery Systems......Page 210
Reserve Batteries......Page 211
Battery and Cell Packaging......Page 212
Power Supplies......Page 213
Linear-Regulated DC Supplies......Page 214
Switching-Regulated Power Supplies......Page 215
Switching Regulator Topologies......Page 216
DC-to-DC Converters......Page 218
Fuel Cells......Page 219
Overview......Page 221
Meter Movements......Page 223
Analog Panel Meters (APMs)......Page 225
Digital Multimeters (DMMs)......Page 226
Oscilloscopes......Page 228
Function Generators......Page 230
Radio-Frequency Signal Generators......Page 231
Frequency Counters......Page 232
Spectrum Analyzers......Page 233
Logic Analyzers......Page 234
DC Measurement Bridges......Page 235
AC Measurement Bridges......Page 236
AC Measurement Bridge Examples......Page 238
Section 12 Optoelectronic Components and Communication......Page 241
Visible and Infrared Energy......Page 242
Infrared-Emitting Diodes......Page 244
Photomultiplier Tubes......Page 245
Photoconductive Cells......Page 246
Photodiode Detectors......Page 247
Solar Cells......Page 249
Optocouplers......Page 250
Lasers......Page 252
Solid-State Lasers......Page 253
Gas Lasers......Page 254
Chemical Lasers......Page 255
Semiconductor Laser Diodes......Page 256
Laser Diode Wavelengths......Page 258
Fiberoptic Communications......Page 259
Optical Fibers......Page 260
Image-Intensifier Tubes......Page 262
Image-Converter Tubes......Page 263
Overview......Page 265
Cathode-Ray Tubes (CRTs)......Page 266
Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs)......Page 269
LED Lamps......Page 271
LED Alphanumeric Displays......Page 272
Liquid-Crystal Displays (LCDs)......Page 273
Liquid-Crystal Color Video Displays......Page 275
Electroluminescent (EL) Displays......Page 277
Plasma Display Panels (PDPs)......Page 278
Vacuum-Fluorescent Displays (VFDs)......Page 279
Holography......Page 281
Overview......Page 283
Microprocessors (MPUs)......Page 284
Microcontrollers (MCUs)......Page 289
Digital Signal Processors (DSPs)......Page 290
Overview......Page 293
Digital Computers......Page 295
Computer Memory......Page 297
Bus Structures......Page 299
Standard Bus Structures......Page 300
Disk Interface Standards......Page 301
Personal Computer Systems......Page 302
Reduced Instruction Set Computers (RISCs)......Page 305
Computer Board-Level Modules......Page 306
Operating Systems......Page 307
Glossary of Common Computer Terms......Page 308
Overview......Page 311
Computer Monitors......Page 313
Hard-Disk Drives......Page 316
Diskette Drives......Page 318
Compact-Disk Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) Drives......Page 319
Alternative Compact Disks and Drives......Page 320
Digital Video Disks (DVDs) and Drives......Page 321
Magnetic-Optical and Phase-Change Disk Drives......Page 322
Data/Fax Modems......Page 323
Computer Printers......Page 324
Full-Travel Keyboards......Page 327
Pointing Devices......Page 328
Scanners......Page 331
Video Graphics Cards......Page 332
Sound Cards......Page 333
Overview......Page 335
Thermal Sensors......Page 336
Mechanical Sensors......Page 338
Magnetic Field Sensors......Page 342
Speakers......Page 344
Microphones......Page 346
Shaft-Angle Optical Encoders......Page 349
Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Devices......Page 350
Overview......Page 353
Radio Signal Propagation......Page 354
Amplitude Modulation (AM)......Page 355
AM Radio Transmitters......Page 357
Frequency Modulation (FM)......Page 358
FM Transmitters......Page 360
AM Receivers......Page 362
FM Receivers......Page 363
Overview......Page 365
U.S. National Television Systems Committee (NTSC) Standard......Page 367
Color TV Transmitters......Page 368
TV Receivers......Page 370
TV Camera Tubes......Page 372
Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) Cameras......Page 374
Alternative TV Broadcast Standards......Page 376
Cable Television (CATV)......Page 377
High-Definition Television (HDTV)......Page 378
Set-Top Boxes......Page 379
Digital Satellite Systems......Page 380
Section 20 Telecommunications Technology......Page 381
Communications......Page 382
International Transmission Standards......Page 383
Channel Bandwidth......Page 384
Digital Transmission......Page 385
Channel Configuration......Page 386
Data Communications Line Sharing......Page 387
Data Serial Transmission......Page 388
Packet Networks......Page 389
T1-Carrier......Page 390
Narrowband ISDN......Page 391
Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN) and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)......Page 392
Pulse-Code Modulation (PCM)......Page 393
Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA)......Page 394
Telephone Systems......Page 395
Computer Networks......Page 400
Satellite Communications......Page 401
Global Telephone Satellites......Page 403
Overview......Page 405
Videocassette Recorders (VCRs)......Page 407
Camcorders......Page 408
Audio Compact Disks (CDs)......Page 409
Audio CD Players......Page 410
DVD Players......Page 412
Home Theaters......Page 413
Facsimile (Fax) Machines......Page 414
Microwave Ovens......Page 415
Digital Cameras......Page 417
Automotive Electronics......Page 418
Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs)......Page 420
Bar-Code Readers......Page 421
Overview......Page 423
Data-Acquisition Systems......Page 424
Digital Panel Meters......Page 425
Closed-Loop Control Systems......Page 427
Open-Loop Control Systems......Page 428
Servosystem Control......Page 429
Synchrosystems......Page 431
Robotics......Page 432
Computer Vision Systems......Page 435
Programmable Controllers......Page 436
Overview......Page 439
Navigation and Position Finding......Page 441
Target Detection......Page 442
Electronic Countermeasures (ECM)......Page 443
Avionics Systems......Page 444
Radar Systems......Page 446
Radio-Frequency Transponders......Page 457
Sonar Systems......Page 458
Underwater Laser Systems......Page 463
Military Night-Vision Systems......Page 464
Global Positioning System (GPS)......Page 465
Laser Range Finders......Page 468
Laser Guidance......Page 469
Laser Gyroscopes......Page 470
Inertial Guidance Systems......Page 471
Overview......Page 473
Depth Sounders......Page 474
Fishfinders......Page 475
Smallcraft Radars......Page 476
Loran C......Page 477
Global Positioning System (GPS) Receivers......Page 478
Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacons (EPIRBs)......Page 481
Radio Direction Finders (RDFs)......Page 482
Overview......Page 483
Computer-Aided Medical Imaging......Page 484
Electron Microscopes......Page 489
Overview......Page 493
Crystal Growth......Page 494
Mask Preparation......Page 496
Wafer Fabrication......Page 497
MOSFET Transistor Fabrication......Page 499
Integrated-Circuit Manufacturing......Page 501
BiCMOS-IC Fabrication......Page 504
Microlithography......Page 505
Compound Semiconductors......Page 507
Gallium-Arsenide Transistor Manufacturing......Page 508
Gallium-Arsenide IC Manufacturing......Page 509
Epitaxial Processes......Page 510
Overview......Page 513
Die and Chip Preparation......Page 515
Die or Chip Attach......Page 516
Wire Bonding......Page 517
Inspection, Marking, and Testing......Page 518
Alternative Chip Packaging......Page 519
Discrete Device Cases......Page 520
Optoelectronic Device Cases......Page 521
Integrated-Circuit Packaging......Page 523
Power-IC Packaging......Page 526
Overview......Page 527
Printed-Circuit Boards and Cards......Page 528
Classification of Rigid Circuit Boards......Page 529
Circuit-Board Manufacturing......Page 530
Soft Soldering Processes......Page 534
Surface-Mount Technology (SMT)......Page 536
Wire-Wrap Boards......Page 538
Backplanes......Page 539
Overview......Page 541
Wire for Electronics......Page 542
Cable for Electronics......Page 544
Electronic Cable Manufacturing......Page 547
Connectors for Electronics......Page 549
Sockets for Components......Page 556
Fiberoptic Connectors......Page 557
Overview......Page 559
Circuit Protectors......Page 560
Overvoltage Protection Devices......Page 562
Surge-Protection Assemblies......Page 564
Electrostatic-Discharge (ESD) Protection......Page 565
Bibliography......Page 567
A......Page 569
B......Page 571
C......Page 572
D......Page 575
E......Page 576
F......Page 577
I......Page 578
L......Page 579
M......Page 580
O......Page 582
P......Page 583
R......Page 585
S......Page 586
T......Page 588
V......Page 590
Z......Page 591