Knowledge of the dynamics of many-electron systems is of fundamental importance to all disciplines of condensed matter physics. A very effective access to electron dynamics is offered by inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) spectroscopy. The double differential scattering cross section for IXS is directly related to the time-dependent two-particle density correlation function, and, for large momentum and energy transfer (Compton limit) to the electron momentum distribution. Moreover, resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) enables the study of electron dynamics via electronic excitations in a very selective manner (e.g. selectively spin, crystal momentum, or symmetry), so that other methods are efficaciously complemented. The progress of IXS spectroscopy is intimately related to the growing range of applications of synchrotron radiation. The aim of the book is to provide the growing community of researchers with accounts of experimental methods, instrumentation, and data analysis of IXS, with representative examples of successful applications, and with the theoretical framework for interpretations of the measurements.
Author(s): Winfried Schuelke
Series: Oxford Series on Synchrotron Radiation
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Year: 2007
Language: English
Pages: 606
Contents......Page 8
List of important symbols......Page 10
1.1 Introduction and historical background......Page 16
1.2 Orientation......Page 19
1.3 Survey of experiments......Page 32
1.4 References......Page 73
2.1 Introduction......Page 86
2.2 Instrumentation with synchrotron radiation......Page 92
2.3 Measurement of the dynamic structure factor S(q, ω)......Page 114
2.4 Study of specific solid state properties......Page 160
2.5 Coherent inelastic X-ray scattering......Page 170
2.6 Inverting S(q, ω) measurements into time and space......Page 177
2.7 Static structure factor S(q)......Page 179
2.8 References......Page 194
3.1 Basic relations......Page 201
3.2 Core-hole–electron interaction in X-ray Raman scattering......Page 205
3.3 Special instrumentation with synchrotron radiation. Data processing......Page 209
3.4 Early XRS experiments......Page 212
3.5 Momentum transfer dependence in XRS experiments......Page 218
3.6 Core-hole–electron interaction in XRS experiments......Page 226
3.7 XRS studies on molecular gases, liquids and solids......Page 230
3.8 High-pressure XRS experiments......Page 243
3.9 Coincidence experiments......Page 246
3.10 References......Page 249
4.1 The impulse approximation......Page 252
4.2 The reciprocal form factor......Page 255
4.3 Electron exchange and correlation in Compton scattering......Page 258
4.4 Compton scattering versus positron annihilation......Page 261
4.5 Special instrumentation for the Compton scattering regime......Page 265
4.6 Compton scattering of atoms and molecules......Page 282
4.7 Compton scattering and chemical bonds......Page 286
4.8 Compton scattering of metals......Page 308
4.9 Compton scattering of special systems......Page 337
4.10 Compton scattering beyond the impulse approximation......Page 349
4.11 Coherent Compton scattering......Page 358
4.12 γ-eγ experiments......Page 361
4.13 Magnetic Compton scattering......Page 367
4.14 References......Page 380
5 Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS)......Page 392
5.1 Basics of RIXS......Page 393
5.2 Instrumentation for RIXS......Page 397
5.3 Investigation of core excitations using RIXS......Page 399
5.4 RIXS applied to mixed valent systems......Page 416
5.5 Symmetry selective RIXS......Page 420
5.6 Coherence of absorption and re-emission process in RIXS......Page 432
5.7 Excitations in the intermediate state......Page 457
5.8 Magnetic circular and linear dichroism in RIXS......Page 482
5.9 References......Page 494
6 Theoretical foundation......Page 501
6.1 Hamiltonian for the photon–electron interaction......Page 502
6.2 The generalized Kramers–Heisenberg formula......Page 504
6.3 Correlation functions......Page 507
6.4 Response functions and dielectric functions......Page 511
6.5 Lindhard polarization function......Page 516
6.6 Density response and macroscopic dielectric function......Page 523
6.7 Nonresonant spin- and orbital-magnetic scattering......Page 525
6.8 The Compton scattering regime......Page 531
6.9 Relativistic treatment of Compton scattering......Page 557
6.10 Resonant inelastic scattering......Page 568
6.11 Coherent inelastic scattering......Page 588
6.12 References......Page 594
C......Page 598
E......Page 600
H......Page 601
L......Page 602
P......Page 603
S......Page 604
U......Page 605
Z......Page 606
