Based on familiar circuit theory and basic physics, this book serves as an invaluable reference for both analog and digital engineers alike. For those who work with analog RF, this book is a must-have resource. With computers and networking equipment of the 21st century running at such high frequencies, it is now crucial for digital designers to understand electromagnetic fields, radiation and transmission lines. This knowledge is necessary for maintaining signal integrity and achieving EMC compliance. Since many digital designers are lacking in analog design skills, let alone electromagnetics, an easy-to-read but informative book on electromagnetic topics should be considered a welcome addition to their professional libraries. Covers topics using conceptual explanations and over 150 lucid figures, in place of complex mathematicsDemystifies antennas, waveguides, and transmission line phenomenaProvides the foundation necessary to thoroughly understand signal integrity issues associated with high-speed digital design
Author(s): Ron Schmitt Former Director of Electrical Engineering Sensor Research and Development Corp. Orono Maine
Series: EDN Series for Design Engineers
Edition: 1
Publisher: Newnes
Year: 2002
Language: English
Pages: 377
City: Amsterdam ; Boston
Front Cover......Page 2
Front Matter......Page 3
Acknowledgments......Page 6
Index......Page 0
Back Cover......Page 8
Preface......Page 9
Table of Contents......Page 12
The Need for Electromagnetics......Page 18
The Electromagnetic Spectrum......Page 20
The Finite Speed of Light......Page 25
Electronics......Page 26
RF Techniques......Page 29
Infrared and the Electronic Speed Limit......Page 33
Visible Light and Beyond......Page 35
Lasers and Photonics......Page 37
Summary......Page 38
The Electric Force Field......Page 42
Other Types of Fields......Page 43
Voltage and Potential Energy......Page 45
Charges in Metals......Page 47
The Definition of Resistance......Page 49
Electrons and Holes......Page 50
Electrostatic Induction and Capacitance......Page 51
Insulators (Dielectrics)......Page 55
Static Electricity and Lightning......Page 56
The Battery Revisited......Page 62
Conductivity and Permittivity of Common Materials......Page 64
Moving Charges: Source of All Magnetic Fields......Page 67
Magnetic Dipoles......Page 69
Effects of the Magnetic Field......Page 72
The Vector Magnetic Potential and Potential Momentum......Page 84
Magnetic Materials......Page 85
Magnetism and Quantum Physics......Page 89
Changing Magnetic Fields and Lenz's Law......Page 91
Inductors......Page 92
AC Circuits, Impedance, and Reactance......Page 94
Relays, Doorbells, and Phone Ringers......Page 95
Generators and Microphones......Page 96
The Transformer......Page 97
When to Gap Your Cores......Page 98
Ferrites: The Friends of RF, High-Speed Digital, and Microwave Engineers......Page 99
Maxwell's Equations and the Displacement Current......Page 100
Perpetual Motion......Page 102
What About D and H? The Constituitive Relations......Page 103
Storage Fields Versus Radiation Fields......Page 105
Electrical Length......Page 107
The Field of a Static Charge......Page 110
The Field of an Accelerating Charge......Page 112
The Universal Origin of Radiation......Page 114
The Field of a Direct Current......Page 115
The Field of an Alternating Current......Page 118
Near and Far Field......Page 121
The Fraunhoffer and Fresnel Zones......Page 123
Parting Words......Page 124
Relativity and Maxwell's Equations......Page 126
Space and Time Are Relative......Page 130
The Cosmic Speed Limit and Proper Velocity......Page 135
Electric Field and Magnetic Field Become the Electromagnetic Field......Page 139
The Limits of Maxwell's Equations......Page 140
Quantum Physics and the Birth of the Photon......Page 141
The Quantum Vacuum and Virtual Photons......Page 145
The Future of Electromagnetics......Page 148
Relativity, Quantum Physics, and Beyond......Page 149
The Non-Ideal Resistor......Page 153
The Non-Ideal Capacitor......Page 156
The Non-Ideal Inductor......Page 157
Non-Ideal Wires and Transmission Lines......Page 160
Other Components......Page 163
RF Coupling and RF Chokes......Page 164
Component Selection Guide......Page 165
The Circuit Model......Page 167
Characteristic Impedance......Page 169
The Waveguide Model......Page 171
Reflections......Page 173
Putting it all Together......Page 175
Digital Signals and the Effects of Rise Time......Page 177
Analog Signals and the Effects of Frequency......Page 179
Impedance Transforming Properties......Page 181
Impedance Matching for Digital Systems......Page 185
Impedance Matching for RF Systems......Page 186
Maximum Load Power......Page 187
Measuring Characteristic Impedance: TDRs......Page 189
Standing Waves......Page 191
9. Waveguides and Shields......Page 194
Reflection of Radiation at Material Boundaries......Page 195
The Skin Effect......Page 196
Shielding in the Far Field......Page 197
Why You Should Always Ground a Shield......Page 203
Near Field Shielding of Magnetic Fields......Page 204
Waveguides......Page 207
Fiber Optics......Page 217
Lasers and Lamps......Page 218
10. Circuits as Guides for Waves and S-Parameters......Page 221
Surface Waves......Page 222
Surface Waves on Wires......Page 225
Coupled Surface Waves and Transmission Lines......Page 226
Lumped Element Circuits Versus Distributed Circuits......Page 229
lambda/8 Transmission Lines......Page 230
S-Parameters: A Technique for All Frequencies......Page 231
The Vector Network Analyzer......Page 235
The Electric Dipole......Page 241
The Magnetic Dipole......Page 242
Radiation Resistance of Dipole Antennas......Page 243
Feeding Impedance and Antenna Matching......Page 244
Antenna Pattern Versus Electrical Length......Page 248
Polarization......Page 251
Effects of Ground on Dipoles......Page 253
Wire Losses......Page 256
Scattering by Antennas, Antenna Aperture, and Radar Cross-Section......Page 257
Traveling Wave Antennas......Page 258
Antennas in Parallel and the Folded Dipole......Page 260
Multiturn Loop Antennas......Page 261
Self-Compatibility and Signal Integrity......Page 263
Frequency Spectrum of Digital Signals......Page 264
Conducted versus Induced Versus Radiated Interference......Page 267
Crosstalk......Page 269
Circuit Layout......Page 271
PCB Transmission Lines......Page 272
The Path of Least Impedance......Page 274
The Fundamental Rule of Layout......Page 276
Shielding on PCBs......Page 277
Common Impedance: Ground Rise and Ground Bounce......Page 279
Distributed Grounds for High Frequency: The 5/5 Rule......Page 281
Tree or Hybrid Grounds......Page 282
Power Supply Decoupling: Problems and Techniques......Page 283
Power Supply Decoupling: The Design Process......Page 290
90 Degree Turns and Chamfered Corners......Page 294
Layout of Transmission Line Terminations......Page 295
Routing of Signals: Ground Planes, Image Planes, and PCB Stackup......Page 297
Layout Miscellany......Page 298
Ground Loops (Multiple Return Paths)......Page 299
Differential Mode and Common Mode Radiation......Page 302
Reflecting Dishes......Page 319
Lenses......Page 323
Imaging......Page 325
Electronic Imaging and Antenna Arrays......Page 328
Optics and Nature......Page 331
Diffraction and Electrical Size......Page 333
Huygens' Principle......Page 335
Babinet's Principle......Page 336
Fraunhofer and Fresnel Diffraction......Page 337
Radio Propagation......Page 338
Continuous Media......Page 339
Frequency Dependence of Materials......Page 342
Heat Radiation......Page 349
Conventional and Microwave Ovens......Page 354
B......Page 363
C......Page 364
D......Page 365
E......Page 366
H......Page 368
L......Page 369
M......Page 370
P......Page 371
R......Page 372
S......Page 373
T......Page 375
W......Page 376
Z......Page 377
