Based on familiar circuit theory and basic physics, this book serves as an invaluable reference for both analog and digital engineers alike. For those who work with analog RF, this book is a must-have resource. With computers and networking equipment of the 21st century running at such high frequencies, it is now crucial for digital designers to understand electromagnetic fields, radiation and transmission lines. This knowledge is necessary for maintaining signal integrity and achieving EMC compliance. Since many digital designers are lacking in analog design skills, let alone electromagnetics, an easy-to-read but informative book on electromagnetic topics should be considered a welcome addition to their professional libraries. Covers topics using conceptual explanations and over 150 lucid figures, in place of complex mathematicsDemystifies antennas, waveguides, and transmission line phenomenaProvides the foundation necessary to thoroughly understand signal integrity issues associated with high-speed digital design
Author(s): Ron Schmitt Former Director of Electrical Engineering Sensor Research and Development Corp. Orono Maine
Series: EDN Series for Design Engineers
Edition: 1
Publisher: Newnes
Year: 2002
Language: English
Pages: 375
book.pdf......Page 0
Cover......Page 2
PREFACE......Page 7
CONTENTS......Page 10
THE NEED FOR ELECTROMAGNETICS......Page 16
THE ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM......Page 18
THE FINITE SPEED OF LIGHT......Page 23
ELECTRONICS......Page 24
RF TECHNIQUES......Page 27
INFRARED AND THE ELECTRONIC SPEED LIMIT......Page 31
VISIBLE LIGHT AND BEYOND......Page 33
LASERS AND PHOTONICS......Page 35
SUMMARY......Page 36
BIBLIOGRAPHY: GENERAL TOPICS FOR CHAPTER 1......Page 37
Web resources......Page 38
THE ELECTRIC FORCE FIELD......Page 40
OTHER TYPES OF FIELDS......Page 41
VOLTAGE AND POTENTIAL ENERGY......Page 43
CHARGES IN METALS......Page 45
THE DEFINITION OF RESISTANCE......Page 47
ELECTRONS AND HOLES......Page 48
ELECTROSTATIC INDUCTION AND CAPACITANCE......Page 49
INSULATORS ( DIELECTRICS)......Page 53
STATIC ELECTRICITY AND LIGHTNING......Page 54
THE BATTERY REVISITED......Page 60
COMMON MATERIALS......Page 62
BIBLIOGRAPHY: ELECTRIC FIELDS AND CONDUCTION......Page 63
Web Resources......Page 64
MOVING CHARGES: SOURCE OF ALL MAGNETIC FIELDS......Page 65
MAGNETIC DIPOLES......Page 67
The Dipole......Page 70
The Moving Charge......Page 73
Currents......Page 77
POTENTIAL MOMENTUM......Page 82
Diamagnetism......Page 83
Paramagnetism......Page 84
Ferromagnetism and Magnets......Page 85
Summary of Magnetic Materials......Page 86
MAGNETISM AND QUANTUM PHYSICS......Page 87
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 88
CHANGING MAGNETIC FIELDS AND LENZ S LAW......Page 89
INDUCTORS......Page 90
Discharging an Inductor......Page 91
AC CIRCUITS, IMPEDANCE, AND REACTANCE......Page 92
RELAYS, DOORBELLS, AND PHONE RINGERS......Page 93
GENERATORS AND MICROPHONES......Page 94
Transformer and Inductor Cores......Page 95
WHEN TO GAP YOUR CORES......Page 96
AND MICROWAVE ENGINEERS......Page 97
DISPLACEMENT CURRENT......Page 98
And Maxwell Said, Let There Be Light......Page 99
PERPETUAL MOTION......Page 100
WHAT ABOUT D AND H? THE CONSTITUITIVE RELATIONS......Page 101
Web Resources......Page 102
STORAGE FIELDS VERSUS RADIATION FIELDS......Page 103
ELECTRICAL LENGTH......Page 105
Circuits That Store and Transport Energy......Page 106
Circuits That Radiate......Page 107
THE FIELD OF A STATIC CHARGE......Page 108
THE FIELD OF AN ACCELERATING CHARGE......Page 110
THE UNIVERSAL ORIGIN OF RADIATION......Page 112
THE FIELD OF A DIRECT CURRENT......Page 113
THE FIELD OF AN ALTERNATING CURRENT......Page 116
NEAR AND FAR FIELD......Page 119
THE FRAUNHOFER AND FRESNEL ZONES......Page 121
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 122
Web Resources......Page 123
RELATIVITY AND MAXWELL S EQUATIONS......Page 124
The Speed of Light Is Always the Same, or c + v = c......Page 127
SPACE AND TIME ARE RELATIVE......Page 128
Simultaneity Is Relative......Page 130
Lorentz Contraction of Length......Page 131
THE COSMIC SPEED LIMIT AND PROPER VELOCITY......Page 133
Space- Time, Momentum- Energy, and Other Four- Vectors......Page 136
Even a Stationary Charge Has a Magnetic Field......Page 137
THE LIMITS OF MAXWELL S EQUATIONS......Page 138
QUANTUM PHYSICS AND THE BIRTH OF THE PHOTON......Page 139
Quantum Strangeness......Page 140
Particles Are also Waves......Page 141
The Uncertainty Principle......Page 142
THE QUANTUM VACUUM AND VIRTUAL PHOTONS......Page 143
Matter Fields + Electromagnetic Fields = QED......Page 144
THE FUTURE OF ELECTROMAGNETICS......Page 146
RELATIVITY, QUANTUM PHYSICS, AND BEYOND......Page 147
FURTHER READING......Page 148
Web Resources......Page 150
THE NON- IDEAL RESISTOR......Page 151
THE NON- IDEAL CAPACITOR......Page 154
THE NON- IDEAL INDUCTOR......Page 155
NON- IDEAL WIRES AND TRANSMISSION LINES......Page 158
OTHER COMPONENTS......Page 161
RF COUPLING AND RF CHOKES......Page 162
COMPONENT SELECTION GUIDE......Page 163
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 164
THE CIRCUIT MODEL......Page 165
CHARACTERISTIC IMPEDANCE......Page 167
THE WAVEGUIDE MODEL......Page 169
REFLECTIONS......Page 171
PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER......Page 173
DIGITAL SIGNALS AND THE EFFECTS OF RISE TIME......Page 175
ANALOG SIGNALS AND THE EFFECTS OF FREQUENCY......Page 177
IMPEDANCE TRANSFORMING PROPERTIES......Page 179
IMPEDANCE MATCHING FOR DIGITAL SYSTEMS......Page 183
IMPEDANCE MATCHING FOR RF SYSTEMS......Page 184
MAXIMUM LOAD POWER......Page 185
Why 50 Ohms?......Page 186
MEASURING CHARACTERISTIC IMPEDANCE: TDRS......Page 187
STANDING WAVES......Page 189
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 190
Web Resources......Page 191
WAVEGUIDES AND SHIELDS......Page 192
REFLECTION OF RADIATION AT MATERIAL BOUNDARIES......Page 193
THE SKIN EFFECT......Page 194
SHIELDING IN THE FAR FIELD......Page 195
The Effect of Holes in the Shield......Page 197
Mesh Shields and Faraday Cages......Page 199
Gaskets......Page 200
WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS GROUND A SHIELD......Page 201
NEAR FIELD SHIELDING OF MAGNETIC FIELDS......Page 202
WAVEGUIDES......Page 205
Cutoff Frequency......Page 206
Multipath Transmission......Page 207
Waveguide Modes......Page 208
Waveguide Modes on Transmission Lines......Page 210
The Earth s Waveguide......Page 212
Antennas for Waveguides......Page 213
Evanescent Waves and Tunneling......Page 214
FIBER OPTICS......Page 215
LASERS AND LAMPS......Page 216
Waveguides......Page 217
Web Resource......Page 218
CIRCUITS AS GUIDES FOR WAVES AND S- PARAMETERS......Page 219
SURFACE WAVES......Page 220
SURFACE WAVES ON WIRES......Page 223
COUPLED SURFACE WAVES AND TRANSMISSION LINES......Page 224
How a Transmission Line Really Works......Page 225
DISTRIBUTED CIRCUITS......Page 227
S- PARAMETERS: A TECHNIQUE FOR ALL FREQUENCIES......Page 229
THE VECTOR NETWORK ANALYZER......Page 233
Surface Waves......Page 235
Vector Network Analyzers and VNA Calibration......Page 236
Microwave Engineering and Distributed Circuits......Page 237
Web Resource......Page 238
THE ELECTRIC DIPOLE......Page 239
THE MAGNETIC DIPOLE......Page 240
RADIATION RESISTANCE OF DIPOLE ANTENNAS......Page 241
FEEDING IMPEDANCE AND ANTENNA MATCHING......Page 242
ANTENNA PATTERN VERSUS ELECTRICAL LENGTH......Page 246
POLARIZATION......Page 249
The Indoor FM Radio Antenna......Page 250
The l / 4 Monopole Antenna......Page 251
The 5/ 8 l Monopole Antenna......Page 253
WIRE LOSSES......Page 254
AND RADAR CROSS- SECTION......Page 255
TRAVELING WAVE ANTENNAS......Page 256
ANTENNAS IN PARALLEL AND THE FOLDED DIPOLE......Page 258
MULTITURN LOOP ANTENNAS......Page 259
FURTHER READING......Page 260
SELF- COMPATIBILITY AND SIGNAL INTEGRITY......Page 261
FREQUENCY SPECTRUM OF DIGITAL SIGNALS......Page 262
RADIATED INTERFERENCE......Page 265
CROSSTALK......Page 267
CIRCUIT LAYOUT......Page 269
PCB TRANSMISSION LINES......Page 270
THE PATH OF LEAST IMPEDANCE......Page 272
THE FUNDAMENTAL RULE OF LAYOUT......Page 274
SHIELDING ON PCBS......Page 275
GROUND BOUNCE......Page 277
THE 5/ 5 RULE......Page 279
TREE OR HYBRID GROUNDS......Page 280
AND TECHNIQUES......Page 281
POWER SUPPLY DECOUPLING: THE DESIGN PROCESS......Page 288
Local Decoupling......Page 291
90 DEGREE TURNS AND CHAMFERED CORNERS......Page 292
LAYOUT OF TRANSMISSION LINE TERMINATIONS......Page 293
AND PCB STACKUP......Page 295
LAYOUT MISCELLANY......Page 296
GROUND LOOPS ( MULTIPLE RETURN PATHS)......Page 297
DIFFERENTIAL MODE AND COMMON MODE RADIATION......Page 300
CABLE SHIELDING......Page 306
Coaxial Cables Below the Break Frequency......Page 307
Break Frequency......Page 308
Skin Depth and Transfer Impedance......Page 309
Ribbon Cables......Page 310
Twisted Pair Cables......Page 311
Single- Ended versus Balanced Signaling*......Page 312
FURTHER READING......Page 313
Web Sites......Page 316
REFLECTING DISHES......Page 317
LENSES......Page 321
IMAGING......Page 323
Imaging Resolution......Page 325
ELECTRONIC IMAGING AND ANTENNA ARRAYS......Page 326
FURTHER READING......Page 329
DIFFRACTION AND ELECTRICAL SIZE......Page 331
HUYGENS PRINCIPLE......Page 333
BABINET S PRINCIPLE......Page 334
FRAUNHOFER AND FRESNEL DIFFRACTION......Page 335
RADIO PROPAGATION......Page 336
CONTINUOUS MEDIA......Page 337
FURTHER READING......Page 338
Conductors and Dielectrics......Page 340
Dielectrics......Page 343
HEAT RADIATION......Page 347
Radiated Thermal Noise......Page 351
CONVENTIONAL AND MICROWAVE OVENS......Page 352
FOR FURTHER READING......Page 355
Web Resources......Page 356
Practical Tips for Analog Design......Page 357
RF Engineering......Page 358
Physics......Page 359
Index......Page 361
