Electrical Engineering: Principles and Applications - Solutions

Practical Applications of Electrical Engineering Principles viPreface xi 1 Introduction 11.1 Overview of Electrical Engineering 21.2 Circuits, Currents, and Voltages 61.3 Power and Energy 131.4 Kirchhoff's Current Law 161.5 Kirchhoff's Voltage Law 191.6 Introduction to Circuit Elements 221.7 Introduction to Circuits 30Summary 34Problems 35 2 Resistive Circuits 462.1 Resistances in Series and Parallel 472.2 Network Analysis by Using Series and Parallel Equivalents 512.3 Voltage-Divider and Current-Divider Circuits 552.4 Node-Voltage Analysis 602.5 Mesh-Current Analysis 792.6 Thevenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits 882.7 Superposition Principle 1012.8 Wheatstone Bridge 104Summary 107Problems 109 3 Inductance and Capacitance 1243.1 Capacitance 1253.2 Capacitances in Series and Parallel 1323.3 Physical Characteristics of Capacitors 1343.4 Inductance 1383.5 Inductances in Series and Parallel 1433.6 Practical Inductors 1443.7 Mutual Inductance 1473.8 Symbolic Integration and Differentiation Using MATLAB 148Summary 152Problems 153 4 Transients 1624.1 First-Order RC Circuits 1634.2 DC Steady State 1674.3 RL Circuits 1694.4 RC and RL Circuits with General Sources 1734.5 Second-Order Circuits 1794.6 Transient Analysis Using the MATLAB Symbolic Toolbox 192Summary 197Problems 198 5 Steady-State Sinusoidal Analysis 2095.1 Sinusoidal Currents and Voltages 2105.2 Phasors 2165.3 Complex Impedances 2225.4 Circuit Analysis with Phasors and Complex Impedances 2255.5 Power inAC Circuits 2315.6 Thevenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits 2445.7 Balanced Three-Phase Circuits 2495.8 AC Analysis Using MATLAB 261Summary 265Problems 266 6 Frequency Response, Bode Plots, and Resonance 2786.1 Fourier Analysis, Filters, and Transfer Functions 2796.2 First-Order Lowpass Filters 2876.3 Decibels, the Cascade Connection, and Logarithmic Frequency Scales 2926.4 Bode Plots 2966.5 First-Order Highpass Filters 2996.6 Series Resonance 3036.7 Parallel Resonance 3086.8 Ideal and Second-Order Filters 3116.9 Transfer Functions and Bode Plots with MATLAB 3176.10 Digital Signal Processing 322Summary 331Problems 333 7 Logic Circuits 3477.1 Basic Logic Circuit Concepts 3487.2 Representation of Numerical Data in Binary Form 3517.3 Combinatorial Logic Circuits 3597.4 Synthesis of Logic Circuits 3667.5 Minimization of Logic Circuits 3737.6 Sequential Logic Circuits 377Summary 388Problems 389 8 Computers and Microcontrollers 4008.1 Computer Organization 4018.2 Memory Types 4048.3 Digital Process Control 4068.4 ProgrammingModelfor the HCS12/9S12 Family 4098.5 The Instruction Set and Addressing Modes for the CPU12 4138.6 Assembly-Language Programming 422Summary 427Problems 428 9 Computer-Based Instrumentation Systems 4339.1 Measurement Concepts and Sensors 4349.2 Signal Conditioning 4399.3 Analog-to-Digital Conversion 4469.4 LabVIEW 449Summary 462Problems 463 10 Diodes 46710.1 Basic Diode Concepts 46810.2 Load-Line Analysis of Diode Circuits 47110.3 Zener-Diode Voltage-Regulator Circuits 47410.4 Ideal-Diode Model 47810.5 Piecewise-Linear Diode Models 48010.6 Rectifier Circuits 48310.7 Wave-Shaping Circuits 48810.8 Linear Small-Signal Equivalent Circuits 493Summary 499Problems 499 11 Amplifiers: Specifications and External Characteristics 51111.1 Basic Amplifier Concepts 51211.2 Cascaded Amplifiers 51711.3 Power Supplies and Efficiency 52011.4 Additional Amplifier Models 52311.5 Importance of Amplifier Impedances in Various Applications 52611.6 Ideal Amplifiers 52911.7 Frequency Response 53011.8 LinearWaveform Distortion 53511.9 Pulse Response 53911.10 Transfer Characteristic and Nonlinear Distortion 54211.11 Differential Amplifiers 54411.12 Offset Voltage, Bias Current, and Offset Current 548Summary 553Problems 554 12 Field-Effect Transistors 56612.1 NMOS and PMOS Transistors 56712.2 Load-Line Analysis of a Simple NMOS Amplifier 57412.3 Bias Circuits 57712.4 Small-Signal Equivalent Circuits 58012.5 Common-Source Amplifiers 58512.6 Source Followers 58812.7 CMOS Logic Gates 593Summary 598Problems 599 13 Bipolar Junction Transistors 60713.1 Current and Voltage Relationships 60813.2 Common-Emitter Characteristics 61113.3 Load-Line Analysis of a Common-Emitter Amplifier 61213.4 pnp Bipolar Junction Transistors 61813.5 Large-Signal DC Circuit Models 62013.6 Large-Signal DC Analysis of BJT Circuits 62313.7 Small-Signal Equivalent Circuits 63013.8 Common-Emitter Amplifiers 63313.9 Emitter Followers 638Summary 644Problems 645 14 Operational Amplifiers 65514.1 Ideal Operational Amplifiers 65614.2 Inverting Amplifiers 65714.3 Noninverting Amplifiers 66414.4 Design of Simple Amplifiers 66714.5 Op-Amp Imperfections in the Linear Range of Operation 67214.6 Nonlinear Limitations 67614.7 DC Imperfections 68114.8 Differential and Instrumentation Amplifiers 68514.9 Integrators and Differentiators 68714.10 Active Filters 690Summary 694Problems 695 15 Magnetic Circuits and Transformers 70815.1 Magnetic Fields 70915.2 Magnetic Circuits 71815.3 Inductance and Mutual Inductance 72315.4 Magnetic Materials 72715.5 Ideal Transformers 73115.6 Real Transformers 738Summary 743Problems 743 16 DC Machines 75416.1 Overview of Motors 75516.2 Principles of DC Machines 76416.3 Rotating DC Machines 76916.4 Shunt-Connected and Separately Excited DC Motors 77516.5 Series-Connected DC Motors 78016.6 Speed Control of DC Motors 78416.7 DC Generators 788Summary 793Problems 794 17 AC Machines 80317.1 Three-Phase Induction Motors 80417.2 Equivalent-Circuit and Performance Calculations for Induction Motors 81217.3 Synchronous Machines 82117.4 Single-Phase Motors 83317.5 Stepper Motors and BrushlessDC Motors 836Summary 838Problems 839 APPENDICESAComplex Numbers 845Summary 852Problems 852 BNominal Values and the Color Code for Resistors 854 CThe Fundamentals of Engineering Examination 856 DAnswers for the Practice Tests 860 EOn-Line Student Resources 868