Ecological Diversity and Its Measurement

Ecological Diversity and Its Measurement
Front-matter
Cover
Half-title
Title
Dedication
Copyright
Contents
Preface
01 Why diversity?
02 Diversity indices and species abundance models
Species richness indices
Species abundance models
Methods of plotting species abundance data
The geometric series
The log series
Log normal distribution
The broken stick model
Other distributions
Biological versus statistical models
The Q statistic
Indices based on the proportional abundances of species
Relationship between indices
Jack-knifing an index of diversity
Hierarchical diversity
Further reading
Calculations
Summary
03 Sampling
Random sampling?
Sample size
The case of the indiscrete individual
Defining a community
Summary
04 Choosing and interpreting diversity measures
Richness, evenness and the killer quail
An oakwood and a conifer plantation in Ireland
Goodness of fit tests
The discriminant ability of diversity measures
Sensitivity to sample size
What aspect of diversity is the index measuring?
Which measures are widely used?
Statistical tests
Choice of index
Summary
05 A variety of diversities
Structural and habitat diversity
Classification of habitats and structures
Diversity measures
Niche width
Caveats concerning measures ofhabitat diversity and niche width
β or differentiation diversity
1. Whittaker's measure βw
2. Cody's measure βc
3, 4 and 5. Routledge's measures, βR, β1 and βE
6. Wilson and Shmida's measure, βT
Summary
06 The empirical value of diversity measures
Enviromental assessment
Which approach is best?
Interpretation of results
Conservation and nature reserve management
What do conservationists mean by diversity?
Maximizing diversity
Rarity and conservation
The role of diversity measures in conservation
Why use diversity measures?
Summary
References
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
IJK
L
M
NOP
QR
S
T
U
VW
YZ
Worked examples
1 Rarefaction
2 Geometrie series
3 The log series
4 The truncated log normal
5 The broken stick
6 The Q statistic
7 Shannon diversity index
8 Brillouin index
9 Simpson's index
10 McIntosh's index of diversity
11 Berger-Parker diversity index
12 Jack-knifing an index of diversity
13 Pielou's pooled quadrat method
14 ß diversity
15 Similarity measures
Appendix: Statistics tables
A1 Distribution of X2
A2 Distribution of t
A3 Cohen's table for truncated log normal
Index
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