Progress in Low Temperature Physics, Volume IV......Page 6
Copyright Page......Page 7
Contents......Page 10
1. Critical velocities in narrow channels, slits and films......Page 14
2. Critical velocities in wide channels......Page 24
3. Oscillating discs and spheres......Page 33
4. Persistent currents......Page 36
5. Summary of experimental data......Page 37
6. The Landau criterion and excitations in the superfluid......Page 39
7. Quantised vortex lines......Page 42
8. Concluding remarks......Page 50
1. Introduction......Page 53
2. The equilibrium between vapour and liquid mixtures (dew- and boiling-curve)......Page 64
3. The equilibrium between the He I and the He II phase (λ-line) and between two liquid mixtures in the stratification region (the phase separation diagram)......Page 74
4. The osmotic equilibrium in He II (pseudo thermostatic equilibrium) and some applications......Page 87
5. The equilibrium between liquid and solid mixtures (freezing- and meltingcurve) and the phase-separation of solid mixtures......Page 99
1. Historical introduction......Page 112
2. The physical significance of an energy gap......Page 114
3. The theory of the superconducting energy gap......Page 117
4. Theory of superconductive tunnelling......Page 155
5. Experimental determinations of the superconducting energy gap......Page 168
1. Historical remarks......Page 209
2. Electrical resistance and magnetoresistance......Page 213
3. Thermal resistance, also in a magnetic field......Page 226
4. Thermoelectric power......Page 230
5. Magnetic properties......Page 237
6. Hall effect......Page 248
7. Specific heat......Page 253
8. Optical properties......Page 259
9. Theoretical considerations......Page 260
1. Introduction......Page 280
2. Survey of experimental results......Page 283
3. Theoretical consideration......Page 290
4. Relation between the Fermi surface and the screw structure......Page 300
5. Summary......Page 307
1. Introduction......Page 311
2. The Ising model......Page 314
3. The Heisenberg model......Page 319
4. Remarks on the analysis of experimental data......Page 322
5. Experimental data......Page 325
6. Comparison between experiment and theory......Page 348
7. Conclusions......Page 354
1. Introduction......Page 359
2. The magnetic properties of the rare earth garnets......Page 361
3. The levels of rare earth ions in the garnets......Page 384
Introduction......Page 399
1. Dynamic polarization at low temperatures......Page 400
2. Spin temperature theories of dynamic polarization......Page 415
3. Experimental arrangements and results......Page 430
4. Future developments......Page 455
1. Introduction......Page 465
2. Theory......Page 466
3. Experimental methods......Page 472
4. Dielectric solids......Page 475
5. Metals......Page 479
6. Glasses and diamond-structure solids......Page 486
7. Superconductors......Page 488
8. Summary......Page 491
1. Introduction......Page 495
2. Brief historical review of earlier determinations of the 3He vapor pressure-temperature relation......Page 497
3. Plan for development of the 1962 3He scale......Page 503
4. The 1961 L.A.S.L. intercomparisons of the 3He and 4He vapor pressures......Page 504
5. The determination of the critical pressure and temperature of 3He......Page 506
6. Calculation of a vapor-pressure equation below 2° K using a theoretical equation from statistical mechanics......Page 507
7. Extension of the vapor-pressure equation to the critical point......Page 508
8. The 1962 3He vapor-pressure scale......Page 509
9. An evaluation of the 1962 3He scale......Page 510
10. Thermodynamic properties of 3He consistent with the 1962 3He scale......Page 520
11. Corrections to the measured pressure of a 3He vapor-pressure thermometer......Page 524
12. Conclusion and considerations for the future......Page 526
Author Index......Page 530
Subject Index......Page 542