This book offers a comprehensive analysis of the multifaceted dimensions of violent extremist groups in South Asia, attending especially to the relationships between the local and regional forces influencing their emergence and activities. In addition, research in the book shows how political, security-sensitive events and processes are framed, and the factors responsible for such framing. Similarly, it discusses prevalent discourses on anti-violent extremism policy and the on-the-ground militarized preventive/reactive interventions they guide, which are inspired by ideologies that increasingly reflect controversial understandings of the experiences of people within conditions of state fragility. In doing so, the book balances attention to local conditions that frame the rise and fall, or persistency, of incidences of violent extremism. The systems-based ecological framing of issues in the book is influenced by a concern for the broader questions of securitization, global governance, poverty, (under)development, and armed conflicts in South Asia.
Author(s): Shafi Md Mostofa
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 245
City: Singapore
Foreword
About This Book
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Tables
1 The Nexus Between State Fragility and Extremism in South Asia
References
2 Differing Trajectories of Salafism in India and Pakistan: State Fragility, Identity and Violence
Introduction
State Fragility and Violence
Salafism: An Introduction
Salafism in India and Pakistan
Shared History and Common Beliefs
Tracing the Divergent Trajectories
Reasons for Differences: Salafist Identity Formation
Pakistan Under Siege
Majority–Minority Dynamics
Geopolitical Factors
How State Fragility and Democratic Rights Can Play a Role in Preventing/Fomenting Violence—Hints for the Future
Conclusion
Note
References
3 State Fragility and Violent Extremism in Bangladesh
Introduction
State Fragility and Bangladesh
Ethnic Extremism
Left-Wing Extremism
Muslim Extremism
Muslim Millat Bahini (MMB)
Harkat-ul-Jihad Al Islami Bangladesh (HuJIB)
Jamaatul Mujahideen Bangladesh (JMB)
Ansar Al Islam (AAI)
Neo JMB
State Fragility and Extremism in Bangladesh
Conclusion
Notes
References
4 State Fragility and Dynamism of Islamist Extremism in Bangladesh: Recruitment Strategies, Women and Prison Radicalization, and Future Trajectories
Introduction
State Fragility and Islamist Extremism
The Arrival of IS and Al Qaeda in Bangladesh
Use of Lethal Weapons
Targeted Killing
Some Worrying Trends
Recruitment
Women Radicalization
Prison Radicalization
Future Trajectories
Conclusion
References
5 State Fragility and Hindu Extremism in India: An Analysis of the Role of the Bharatiya Janata Party
Introduction
State Fragility and Extremism in India
Part One—Hindutva in Indian Political Discourse
Hindutva’s Cultural Nationalism
Hindutva and the Modi/BJP Election Campaign
Politics of Cow Protection
Love Jihad
Ghar Wapsi
Part Two—Hindutva and the 2019 Elections
Conclusion
Notes
References
6 Fragile State Policy and the Rise of Muslim Extremism in Sri Lanka
Introduction
General Remarks on the Sri Lankan Muslims or Moor
Sinhala-Buddhist Violent Mobilization Against Muslims
State Fragility and the Emergence of Extremism Among Sri Lankan Muslims
Decline of Muslims’ Trust in the Sri Lankan Government
Conclusion
Notes
References
7 Fragile Peace, Violent Extremism, and Feminist Solutions in Nepal
Introduction
Feminist Understanding of Violence: ‘Matrices of Domination’ and ‘Continua of Violence’
State Fragility and the Maoist Insurgency in Nepal
Poverty and Inequality
Inequality among Social Groups
Are Grievances Enough to Start the Insurgency?
Political Mobilization of Grievances
State Repression
Is Violent Extremism a Possibility in Nepal?
Natural Hazard-Related Disasters and Conflict Nexus
Intersectionality and Positive Peace
Democratic Restructuring of State & Peacebuilding: Stagnation and Frustration
Conclusion
Notes
References
8 State Fragility, Violent Extremism, and Future of Afghanistan
Introduction
Defining State Fragility
State Fragility in Afghanistan
Taliban Take Over Afghanistan
Future of Afghanistan
Conclusion
References
9 State Fragility and the Challenge of Violent Extremism in Pakistan
Introduction
State Fragility and VE in Pakistan
Terrain of VE in Pakistan
Pakistan’s State Fragility and PCVE Measures
Hard Measures
Soft Measures
How State Fragility Has Impacted VE in Pakistan?
Conclusion
References
Index
