Doing Data Analysis with SPSS: Version 18.0

Cover Page......Page 1
Title Page......Page 3
Copyright Page......Page 4
Dedication Page......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
The Approach of This Book......Page 13
The Data Files......Page 15
To the Student......Page 16
Acknowledgments......Page 17
About the Authors......Page 19
Launching SPSS/PASW Statistics 18......Page 21
Entering Data into the Data Editor......Page 23
Saving a Data File......Page 26
Creating a Bar Chart......Page 27
Saving an Output File......Page 31
Quitting SPSS......Page 32
Opening a Data File......Page 33
Exploring the Data......Page 34
Creating a Histogram......Page 36
Frequency Distributions......Page 40
Printing Session Output......Page 42
Moving On…......Page 43
Cross-Tabulating Data......Page 47
More on Bar Charts......Page 49
Comparing Two Distributions......Page 52
Scatterplots to Detect Relationships......Page 53
Moving On…......Page 54
Computing One Summary Measure for a Variable......Page 59
Computing Additional Summary Measures......Page 63
A Box-and-Whiskers Plot......Page 66
Standardizing a Variable......Page 67
Moving On…......Page 68
Comparing Dispersion with the Coefficient of Variation......Page 71
Descriptive Measures for Subsamples......Page 73
Measures of Association: Covariance and Correlation......Page 74
Moving On…......Page 77
A Classical Example......Page 81
Observed Relative Frequency as Probability......Page 83
Handling Alphanumeric Data......Page 85
Moving On…......Page 88
An Empirical Discrete Distribution......Page 91
Graphing a Distribution......Page 93
A Theoretical Distribution: The Binomial......Page 94
Another Theoretical Distribution: The Poisson......Page 96
Moving On…......Page 97
Continuous Random Variables......Page 101
Generating Normal Distributions......Page 102
Finding Areas under a Normal Curve......Page 105
Normal Curves as Models......Page 107
Moving On.........Page 109
What Is a Sampling Distribution?......Page 113
Sampling from a Normal Population......Page 114
Central Limit Theorem......Page 117
Sampling Distribution of the Proportion......Page 119
Moving On.........Page 120
The Concept of a Confidence Interval......Page 123
Large Samples from a Non-normal (Known) Population......Page 126
Dealing with Real Data......Page 127
Small Samples from a Normal Population......Page 128
Moving On.........Page 130
The Logic of Hypothesis Testing......Page 133
An Artificial Example......Page 134
A More Realistic Case: We Don't Know Mu or Sigma......Page 137
A Small-Sample Example......Page 139
Moving On.........Page 141
Working with Two Samples......Page 145
Paired vs. Independent Samples......Page 150
Moving On.........Page 152
Comparing Three or More Means......Page 157
One-Factor Independent Measures ANOVA......Page 158
Where Are the Differences?......Page 162
One-Factor Repeated Measures ANOVA......Page 164
Moving On…......Page 169
Two-Factor Independent Measures ANOVA......Page 173
Another Example......Page 179
One Last Note......Page 181
Moving On…......Page 182
Linear Relationships......Page 185
Another Example......Page 190
Statistical Inferences in Linear Regression......Page 191
An Example of a Questionable Relationship......Page 192
An Estimation Application......Page 193
A Classic Example......Page 194
Moving On.........Page 195
Assumptions for Least Squares Regression......Page 199
Examining Residuals to Check Assumptions......Page 200
A Time Series Example......Page 205
Issues in Forecasting and Prediction......Page 207
A Caveat about "Mindless" Regression......Page 210
Moving On.........Page 211
Going Beyond a Single Explanatory Variable......Page 215
Significance Testing and Goodness of Fit......Page 221
Adding More Variables......Page 222
Another Example......Page 223
Working with Qualitative Variables......Page 224
A New Concern......Page 226
Moving On…......Page 227
When Relationships Are Not Linear......Page 231
A Simple Example......Page 232
Some Common Transformations......Page 233
Another Quadratic Model......Page 235
A Log-Linear Model......Page 240
Moving On…......Page 241
Detecting Patterns over Time......Page 245
Some Illustrative Examples......Page 246
Forecasting Using Moving Averages......Page 248
Forecasting Using Trend Analysis......Page 251
Moving On…......Page 254
Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test......Page 257
Chi-Square Test of Independence......Page 261
Another Example......Page 264
Moving On.........Page 265
Nonparametric Methods......Page 269
Mann-Whitney U Test......Page 270
Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test......Page 272
Kruskal-Wallis H Test......Page 274
Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation......Page 277
Moving On…......Page 278
Processes and Variation......Page 281
Charting a Process Mean......Page 282
Charting a Process Range......Page 285
Another Way to Organize Data......Page 286
Charting a Process Proportion......Page 288
Pareto Charts......Page 290
Moving On…......Page 292
AIDS.SAV......Page 295
ANXIETY2.SAV......Page 296
BODYFAT.SAV......Page 297
BP.SAV......Page 298
CENSUS2000.SAV......Page 299
COLLEGES.SAV......Page 301
EUROPEC.SAV......Page 302
EXIMPORT.SAV......Page 303
GALILEO.SAV......Page 304
GSS2004.SAV......Page 305
GSS942004.SAV......Page 311
IMPEACH.SAV......Page 313
LABOR.SAV......Page 314
LONDON2.SAV......Page 315
MFT.SAV......Page 316
NORMAL.SAV......Page 317
PAWORLD.SAV......Page 318
PHERESIS.SAV......Page 319
SALEM.SAV......Page 320
SLEEP.SAV......Page 321
STATES.SAV......Page 322
SWIMMER.SAV......Page 323
TRACK.SAV......Page 324
UTILITY.SAV......Page 325
WATER.SAV......Page 326
WORLD90.SAV......Page 327
XSQUARE.SAV......Page 328
Data Files......Page 329
Viewer Document Files......Page 330
Converting Other Data Files into SPSS Data Files......Page 331
B......Page 335
C......Page 336
E......Page 337
H......Page 338
M......Page 339
P......Page 340
S......Page 341
T......Page 342
Z......Page 343