Divination and Knowledge in Greco-Roman Antiquity

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Addressing the close connections between ancient divination and knowledge, this volume offers an interlinked and detailed set of case studies which examine the epistemic value and significance of divination in ancient Greek and Roman cultures.

Focusing on diverse types of divination, including oracles, astrology, and the reading of omens and signs in the entrails of sacrificial animals, chance utterances and other earthly and celestial phenomena, this volume reveals that divination was conceived of as a significant path to the attainment of insight and understanding by the ancient Greeks and Romans. It also explores the connections between divination and other branches of knowledge in Greco-Roman antiquity, such as medicine and ethnographic discourse. Drawing on anthropological studies of contemporary divination and exploring a wide range of ancient philosophical, historical, technical and literary evidence, chapters focus on the interconnections and close relationship between divine and human modes of knowledge, in relation to nuanced and subtle formulations of the blending of divine, cosmic and human agency; philosophical approaches towards and uses of divination (particularly within Platonism), including links between divination and time, ethics, and cosmology; and the relationship between divination and cultural discourses focusing on gender. The volume aims to catalyse new questions and approaches relating to these under-investigated areas of ancient Greek and Roman life. which have significant implications for the ways in which we understand and assess ancient Greek and Roman conceptions of epistemic value and variant ways of knowing, ancient philosophy and intellectual culture, lived, daily experience in the ancient world, and religious and ritual traditions.

Divination and Knowledge in Greco-Roman Antiquity will be of particular relevance to researchers and students in classics, ancient history, ancient philosophy, religious studies and anthropology who are working on divination, lived religion and intellectual culture, but will also appeal to general readers who are interested in the widespread practice and significance of divination in the ancient world.

Author(s): Crystal Addey
Series: Routledge Monographs in Classical Studies
Edition: 1
Publisher: Routledge
Year: 2021

Language: English
Commentary: fixed broken cover
Pages: 303
Tags: Divination; Divination in ancient Greece; Divination in ancient Rome; Diviniation in late antiquity; Ancient Greek divination; Roman divination; Late antique divination; Oracles; Military Divination; the Pythia; Plutarch and divination; Porphyry’s Letter to Anebo; Epistula ad Anebonem; Theurgy; Theurgic rites; Theurgic ritual; Sacrifice and divination; Astrology in the ancient world

Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Figures
Contributors
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations
Introduction: divination and knowledge in ancient Greek and Roman cultures
Shifting perspectives on divination
Key themes: examining Greco-Roman divination and knowledge
Divination as knowledge in a connected and polyvalent cosmos
Oracle as enigma: testing, interpreting and decoding divination
Divine, cosmic and human knowledge and agency
Divination and philosophy
Divination, gender and the expertise of the Pythia
Structure of the book
Notes
Bibliography
Ancient works: texts and translations
Modern works
1. The enigmatic divine voice and the problem of human misinterpretation
Introduction
Testing the oracle
Ambiguities and authorities
The inspired voice in context
Enigmatic realities
Oracular epistemology
Gods and humans
Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
Ancient works: texts and translations
Modern works
2. Torch-bearing Plato: why reason without the divine is not philosophy after all
Beyond the epistemological thesis and towards the divine way of life
Divine versus human "sober" reasoning
Reason as that which cares and lights fire
Divine madness and philosophy in the Phaedrus, Symposium and the Ion
Conclusions: the problems of teaching and writing for the philosopher
Notes
Bibliography
Ancient works: texts and translations
Modern works
3. "Work with the god": military divination and rational battle-planning in Xenophon
The symbolic and the real at war
Working with the god in Xenophon's Cavalry Commander
Divination and truth
Divination in the Anabasis
Divining the practical
Socrates and the limits of divination
Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
Ancient works: texts and translations
Modern works
4. Divination and decumbiture: Katarchic astrology and Greek medicine
Introduction
Divination in ancient Greek medicine
Relating knowledge systems: divination, medicine and astrology
Macrocosm and microcosm
Sympatheia
The "right time"
Astrological divination and medicine
"Natural" astrology and medicine: melothesia, humours, temperament
The basics of astrology and its applications to medicine
"Iatromathematicians": the medical astrologers
Katarchic astrology and decumbiture
Decumbiture as an example of katarchic astrology
Medicine and the moment of taking sick
Treatment of decumbiture in medical texts: Galen and Ps.Galen
Treatment of decumbiture in astrological texts
Interpreting a decumbiture
Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
Ancient works: texts and translations
Hippocratic corpus
Modern works
5. Divination and the kairos in ancient Greek philosophy and culture
The concept of the kairos in Greek culture
Finding the right time for action: the kairos in Greek divination
Kairos in the context of ancient and modern conceptions of time
The kairos and timing of divinatory rituals
The timing of oracular consultation
The timing of theurgic divination and ritual
Divination for the discovery of the kairos: listening to the voice of the god or daimōn
Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
Ancient works: texts and translations
Inscriptions
Modern works
6. The Pythia as matter: Plutarch's scientific account of divination
The image of the Pythia
Plutarch's cosmology
The notion of matter in Plutarch
The Pythia as matter
Derangement
Purity
Resistance
Receptivity
Prophecy, cosmology and multiple causes
Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
Ancient works: texts and translations
Modern works
7. Divination and female sexuality: the transformation of the Greek Pythia by the Church Fathers
Who was the Pythia?
Sexual connotations of Pythian divination
A hysterical old peasant woman
Conclusion: gender biases and abnormal bodies
Notes
Bibliography
Ancient works: texts and translations
Inscriptions
Modern works
8. "Ethnic" divination in Roman imperial literature
Introduction
Ritual pasts and past rituals: divination as an object of the Greco-Roman ethnographical gaze
Late Republican and Early Imperial portrayals of divinatory practices among barbarians
References to "ethnic" traditions of divination in the Roman imperial period
Conclusions: writing about "foreign divination"
Notes
Bibliography
Ancient works: texts and translations
Inscriptions
Modern works
9. Apuleius on divination: Platonic daimonology and child-divination
Introduction
Platonic daimonology and divination in De Deo Socratis (On the God of Socrates)
Performing child-divination: the evidence of the Apologia, its tradition, and survival
Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
Ancient works: texts, translations, and commentaries
Modern works
10. Astral symbolism in theurgic rites
Neoplatonist philosophers' responses to astrology
Astrology for initiating the soul
Proclus on astral causality and symbolism
Theurgic aesthetics: madness and celestial music
Notes
Bibliography
Ancient works: texts and translations
Modern works
Index