Discursive Approaches to Populism Across Disciplines: The Return of Populists and the People

Acknowledgements
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
Part I Populism as an Essentially Contested Concept in Academic and Political Discourse
1 Introduction: Discursive Approaches to Populism Across Disciplines
Populism: Approaches to a Complex Phenomenon
Populism as an Ideology: The Ideational Approach
Populism as Political Style and Repertoire
Populism from a Poststructuralist Discourse Theoretical Perspective
Political Discourse: Concepts, Methods, Approaches
Critical Discourse Analysis and Discourse Linguistics
Argumentation Analysis and Rhetoric
Talk in Interaction
Post-foundational Discourse Theory (PDT)
Populist Discourses: Core Questions
Populism and Nationalism
Populism and Post-truth
Populism and the Political Space
References
2 When Populists Call Populists Populists: ‘Populism’ and ‘Populist’ as Political Keywords in German and British Political Discourse
Introduction: ‘Populism’ as a Key Term in Political Discourse
Theoretical Approach and Previous Research
Methodology and Corpus
The Semantic Prosody of the Nouns ‘Populist’ and ‘Populism’ in German and English
‘This Is Pure Populism’: Politicians’ Use of the Terms ‘Populism’ and ‘Populist’ in the Corpus
‘Populism’ and ‘Populist’ Used by Journalists
‘What You Call Populism, We Call Democracy’: Metalinguistic Contestations of a Political Term
Conclusions
References
Part II Populist and Nationalist Discourses: Links and Tensions
3 The Impossible Totality of Ukraine’s “People”: On the Populist Discourse of the Ukrainian Maidan
Introduction
Laclau’s Theory of Populism
The Impossible Totality of the Ukrainian Maidan
Research Questions, Methodology, and Design
“We Are the People”
Discussion
Conclusion
References
4 Sri Lanka Between Triumph and Defeat: Studying Populism and Authoritarianism Within Presidential Rhetoric
Introduction
Populism, Ideology and Discourse
Populism as Political Style
Studying Populism
Populism in Sri Lanka: Authoritarianism, Nationalism and Populist Performances
Populist Authoritarianism
Appealing to a Besieged People
The People
A Man of the People, for the People
The Terrorist Other
Discounting Domestic and Foreign Elites
Performing Crisis
Of Escalation and Violence
Reinventing a Resolved Crisis
A President of Ancient Glory
The Limits of Populist Authoritarianism?
Conclusion
References
Part III Populist Discourse and the Politics of (Post-)Truth
5 Trump’s Text Appeal: Vague Language in Post-Truth Politics
Introduction
Theoretical Foundations of the Study
Data and Method
Results and Discussion
Interpretative Strategies of Trump’s Supporters
Expressions of Support with no Explanation
Paraphrases of the Original Text
Modifications Involving the Time FE
Modifications Involving the Preventing Cause FE
Modifications of the Protagonist FE
Conclusion
References
6 Social Media and the Concept of Interpellation
Introduction
Theoretical Background
Methodology
The Case Study: A Posting by H.-C. Strache in the 2017 Election Campaign
Interpellation in Social Media: How Meaning Is Constructed
Conclusion
References
7 Archetypal Populism: The “Intellectual Dark Web” and the “Peterson Paradox”
Introduction
A Cultural (and Psychological) Phenomenon
The Intellectual Dark Web
Source Material and Multi-Layered Analysis
My Position in this Analysis
Affective Mythology and Archetypes
Political Diversity Beyond the “Gated Institutional Narrative”?
“A Glitch in the Matrix” and the Peterson Paradox
The Liberal Shadow?
Jungian Individuation and Peterson’s Persona
Brand and Peterson: Under the Skin Podcast
Accusations of Victimhood
Conclusion: Populism, Archetypes and Murmurations?
References
8 On the Retreat of Liberal Values and Access to Discourse: Extending Post-Foundational Discourse Theory
Dramatic Shifts in Public Perception
Bulgaria: The “Invasion” of Gender
Following Up on the “Rise of Populism” Thesis
A Second Wave of “Cognitive Mobilization”?
Introducing Post-Foundational Discourse Theory
Discourse Theory in a World of Polycentric Discourse Production
Enter the Discursive Social Actor
New Media and Political Identity-Making Beyond the Elites
Circulation of Discourse and Access to Discourse
Conclusions
References
Part IV Populist Discourse and Discourses of Gender and Sexuality
9 On Behalf of the Family and the People: The Right-Wing Populist Repertoire in Croatia
Thinking and Researching Populisms
Citizens and People’s Referendum vs. Not-of-the-People Government: Exploring the Vertical Antagonisms in OBF’s Mobilizing Discourses
Exploring Horizontal Antagonisms in OBF’s Political Discourse
Conclusion
References
Part V Populist Discourse as Left-Wing and Right-Wing Political Discourse
10 Populism and Nationalism in Jeremy Corbyn’s Discourse
Introduction
Background I: The “People” in Populism and Nationalism
Background II: Corbyn and Left-Wing Populism
Theoretical Basis and Research Questions
Data
Analysis
Conclusions
References
11 Using Mass and Pop Culture to Dominate Political Discourse: How the Left-Wing Party Podemos Conquered Spanish Living-Rooms with IKEA
Introduction
Populism in Spain: Genesis and Rise of Podemos
Constructivism and Discourse Analysis as Theoretical and Methodological Frameworks
A Manifesto Designed like an IKEA Catalogue: A Reflection of the Zeitgeist
Lessons from IKEA
A Creative Adaptation: Podemos’ Manifesto
Conclusion
References
12 Republican Populism and Marxist Populism: Perspectives from Ecuador and Bolivia
Theoretical Framework
Methodological Approach
Towards Victory: Building Collective Identities as an Electoral Strategy
The Bolivian Populist Strategy
The Ecuadorian Populist Strategy
Which Differences Matter?
Governing Through Populist Discourses and Populist Strategies
Populist Governments and the Conservation of the People’s Identity
Conclusions
References
13 The (Re) Birth of Far-Right Populism in Australia: The Appeal of Pauline Hanson’s Persuasive Definitions
Introduction
Populism as Style and Ideology
The Significance of Hanson’s Far-Right Populism
Persuasive Definitions
Data
Dissociation
Reframing
Floating Signifiers
Definitions by Effect
Conclusion
References
Part VI Populist Discourse Across the Political Spectrum
14 Caught Between Populism, Elitism, and Pluralism: A Method for Political Discourse Analysis
Introduction
A Multidimensional Approach
Semiotic Analysis
A Method for Analysis of Speeches
Analysis
Who Is the “Real” US Populist?
Obama
Trump
Sanders
Conclusion
Three Kinds of Populism in the UK
Farage
Johnson
Corbyn
Conclusion
Three Full Populists in The Netherlands
Wilders
Baudet
Roemers
Conclusion
Discussion and Conclusion
Appendix A: Analysed Political Speeches
Appendix B: Sub-scores of the Analysed Speeches
References
15 Populism as Mainstream Politicians’ Political Style During the 2012 Greek Election Campaign
Introduction
Mainstream Populism as Political Style
Bad Manners and Conversational Violence
(Mainstream) Populism as Political Style and Mediated Populism
Data and Method
Challenging the Journalists’ Knowledge or Conduct
Extract 1
Extract 2
Responding to a Question with a Question3
Extract 3
Extract 4
Discussion
Appendix: Transcription Glossary
References
16 Another Populism Is Possible: Popular Politics and the Anticolonial Struggle
Introduction: Who Is Afraid of Populism?
Populism: Three Characteristics and Their Southern Contestations
Art and Popular Culture: Demo-Crazy
“Culture Be Teacher”: Traditions of Collective Governance
Songs of the People: Freedom Songs
Conclusion
References
Index