Creating a digital twin should be easy and intuitive. This book presents twins from different technical fields and describes in detail how to build them. The book is aimed at students or young engineers who want develop and modify the twins without much prior knowledge. The use of the free software tool Simcenter Amesim is introduced. Simcenter Amesim belongs today to the industry standard for the development of digital twins. This program was chosen because it is easy to learn and does not require deep mathematical knowledge or programming skills. We start by creating a simple calculator, then model, for example, mechanical twins such as falling balls, ventilation and tank systems, pipelines, or a solar collector. The physical background is explained for each simulation example, and each simulation example concludes with suggestions for further work. This enables the reader to perform further investigations and exercises with the digital twins.
Author(s): Frank U. Rückert, Michael Sauer, Tuomo Liimatainen, Dirk Hübner
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 128
City: Cham
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 Motivation from History
1.2 What Is a Digital Twin?
1.3 How to Create a Twin?
1.4 Adding Physics
1.5 Analysis of Digital Twins
References
2 Mathematics, Signals and Control Library
2.1 The First Steps
2.2 How to Build a Simple Calculator
Problems
References
3 The Mechanical Twin
3.1 What Is Mechanics?
3.2 The Model of a Bouncing Ball
3.2.1 Simulation Model
3.2.2 Submodels and Parameters
3.2.3 Results and Analysis
Problems
3.3 The Mechanical Rocker
3.3.1 Simulation Model
3.3.2 Submodels and Parameters
3.3.3 Results and Analysis
Problems
3.4 How a Row on a Pulley Works
3.4.1 Simulation Model
3.4.2 Submodels and Parameters
3.4.3 Results and Analysis
Problems
3.5 Damper of a Driving Car
3.5.1 Simulation Model
3.5.2 Submodels and Parameters
3.5.3 Results and Analysis
Problems
3.6 How to Use 3D Geometries
References
4 The Thermal Twin
4.1 Examination of Heat Transfer
4.2 Heat Transfer in Electric Generators
4.2.1 Simulation Model
4.2.2 Submodels and Parameters
4.2.3 Results and Analysis
Problems
4.3 Site Selection for a Solar Collector
4.3.1 Simulation Model
4.3.2 Submodels and Parameters
4.3.3 Results and Analysis
Problems
Reference
5 The Hydraulic Twin
5.1 What Is Hydraulics?
5.2 Two Fuel Oil Tanks and a Pump
5.2.1 Simulation Model
5.2.2 Submodels and Parameters
5.2.3 Results and Analysis
Problems
5.3 How Does a Hydraulic Jack Work?
5.3.1 Simulation Model
5.3.2 Submodels and Parameters
5.3.3 Results and Analysis
Problems
References
6 The Pneumatic Twin
6.1 Pneumatic, Fluid Flow, and Turbulence
6.2 Safety Valve for a Biogas Tank
6.2.1 Simulation Model
6.2.2 Submodels and Parameters
6.2.3 Results and Analysis
Problems
6.3 Ventilation System of a Building
6.3.1 Simulation Model
6.3.2 Submodels and Parameters
6.3.3 Results and Analysis
Problems
Reference
7 The Electric Twin
7.1 Permanent Electric Motor with Load
7.1.1 Simulation Model
7.1.2 Submodels and Parameters
7.1.3 Results and Analysis
Problems
7.2 How an Asynchronous Motor Works?
7.2.1 Simulation Model
7.2.2 Submodels and Parameters
7.2.3 Results and Analysis
Problems
7.3 Electric Generator with Resistor and Heat Transfer
7.3.1 Simulation Model
7.3.2 Submodels and Parameters
7.3.3 Results and Analysis
Problems
Reference
8 Analysis of Complex Technical Systems
8.1 How Does the Liquid Piston Compressor Work?
8.2 Design and Function of a Liquid Piston Compressor
8.3 Liquid Piston Compressor with One Cylinder for One Stroke
8.3.1 Simulation Model
8.3.2 Submodels and Parameters
8.3.3 Results and Analysis
8.4 Liquid Piston Compressor with One Cylinder and Multiple Strokes
8.4.1 Simulation Model
8.4.2 Submodels and Parameters
8.4.3 Results and Analysis
8.5 Liquid Piston Compressor with Two Cylinder and Multiple Strokes
8.5.1 Simulation Model
8.5.2 Submodels and Parameters
8.5.3 Results and Analysis
Problems
References
9 Digital Twins and Artificial Intelligence
9.1 Neural Networks in Nature
9.2 Neural Networks and Digital Twins
9.3 The Artificial Frog Model
9.3.1 Submodels and Parameters
9.3.2 Optiflow Neural Network (ONN)
9.3.3 Results and Analysis
Problems
References
10 Conclusions
10.1 Overview of This Textbook
10.2 What You Can Take Away
10.3 Teaching Methods and Gamification
10.4 Our Outlook for the Future
10.5 Important: Disclaimer for Our Work
References
