Dialogue and Culture (Dialogue Studies)

Dialogue and Culture......Page 2
Editorial page......Page 3
Title page......Page 4
LCC data......Page 5
Preface to the Series......Page 6
Table of Contents......Page 8
Introduction......Page 10
I. Language, Biology and Culture......Page 14
1. Trivializing cultural differences......Page 16
2. An earlier consensus......Page 17
3. Generative linguistics as a theory of human nature......Page 19
4. Cognitive constraints and cultural universalism......Page 21
5. ‘Universal grammar’ means European grammar......Page 22
6. Honest and dishonest imperialism......Page 24
7. Vocabulary and culture......Page 25
8. Universalist politics......Page 27
9. Abandoning the touchstone of empiricism......Page 30
10. Intuition-based politics......Page 33
11. New evidence for language diversity......Page 35
12. Conclusion......Page 36
References......Page 37
1. The puzzle......Page 40
2.1 The biolinguistic position: language determined by human nature......Page 42
2.2 The socio-empiricist position: Language determined by culture......Page 44
2.3 Variants mediating between the extremes......Page 47
3. Sociobiology of language or language in the mixed game......Page 50
4. How culture shapes action......Page 55
References......Page 60
II. Theoretical Positions......Page 64
1. Introduction......Page 66
2.1 The typological strategies for discovering structural patterns – an example......Page 67
2.2 Some universal patterns......Page 68
2.3 Functional explanations......Page 69
2.4 The aim of functional approaches – some problems......Page 73
3. The limits of universals in pragmatics and the role of dialogue linguistics......Page 74
4.1 Finiteness......Page 77
4.2 Politeness in Japanese......Page 79
5. Conclusion: How does dialogue linguistics matter for linguistic typology?......Page 81
References......Page 83
Glossary......Page 85
1. Introduction......Page 86
1.1 Linguistic turn......Page 87
1.2 From social view to cross-cultural studies of academic writing......Page 88
2. The authorial self-presentation in scientific text......Page 90
3. Material and methods......Page 91
3.1 The we acts in Czech and Russian research articles......Page 93
4. Discussion......Page 101
5. Conclusion: The we perspective in intercultural communication......Page 103
References......Page 104
1. Introduction......Page 108
2. Theoretical approaches......Page 110
3. Further research assumptions......Page 113
4.1 Illocutionary functions......Page 114
4.2 Paradigms......Page 115
4.3 Politeness strategies......Page 117
4.4 Social distance and indirectness......Page 120
4.6 Social distance and the initiative speech act......Page 121
4.7 Social distance and initial ‘no’......Page 122
4.8 Politeness and gender......Page 123
5. Summary......Page 124
References......Page 125
1. Introduction......Page 128
2. Study, methodology and data......Page 129
3.1 The hand: Turn-holding and silencing the addressee in French......Page 131
3.2 The hand: Turn-taking and silencing the speaker in French......Page 134
3.3 The hand: Turn-yielding in French......Page 137
4.1 The nod: Turn-holding in Japanese......Page 139
4.3 The nod: Marker of topic change or end of conversation in Japanese......Page 140
5.1 The head tilt: Expressing disagreement and turn-taking in Japanese......Page 143
5.2 The head tilt: Expressing partial disagreement and justification in French.......Page 144
6.1 Cross-cultural characteristics of gaze direct in French and Japanese......Page 145
6.2 Gaze direct patterns......Page 146
6.3 The role of gaze behavior in the turn-taking sequence......Page 150
7. Conclusion......Page 151
References......Page 152
1. Introduction......Page 154
2.1 Introducing hints......Page 156
2.2 Quantity scales......Page 157
2.3 Cultural variation......Page 159
3. Conveying reservation through the declarative verb claim......Page 160
5. Implications......Page 163
References......Page 164
III. Empirically Oriented Studies of the ‘Mixed Game’......Page 166
1. The meaning of dialogue interpreting......Page 168
2. Affectivity in dialogue interpreting: the case of medicine......Page 170
3. The data......Page 172
4. Dialogue interpreting as dyadic affective interaction......Page 173
5. Triadic affective interactions as intercultural mediation......Page 178
6. Conclusion: Empowerment through dialogue?......Page 184
References......Page 186
Appendix......Page 188
1. Introduction......Page 190
2.1 The Dialogic Action Game (DAG)......Page 191
2.2 What is ‘culture’?......Page 192
2.3 The speech act of greeting......Page 195
3.1 The design of the analysis......Page 196
3.2 Comparing the verbal greeting behavior among Californian, German and Peruvian native speakers......Page 198
4. Conclusion......Page 200
References......Page 201
Appendix: Questionnaire......Page 202
1. Introduction......Page 204
2.1 Refusals in directive action games......Page 205
2.2 What are the subtypes of refusals?......Page 207
2.3 Refusals and politeness......Page 209
3.1 Data collection......Page 213
4. Results......Page 214
5. Conclusion......Page 223
References......Page 224
1. Introduction......Page 226
1.1 Unwritten rules of politeness and diplomacy......Page 227
2. Significance of the study......Page 228
3.1 Nonverbal communication......Page 229
3.2 Verbal communication......Page 230
3.3 Degree of respect......Page 234
3.4 Gender differences......Page 235
4. Transfer of Sinhala diplomacy to Sri Lankan English......Page 236
References......Page 237
Glossary......Page 238
1. Introduction......Page 240
2. The notion of culture......Page 241
3. Communicative mistakes......Page 242
3.1 Pragmatic mistakes......Page 243
3.2 Cultural mistakes......Page 244
4. Data analysis......Page 245
References......Page 249
Glossary......Page 250
1. Introduction......Page 252
2. Alternative views......Page 253
3.2 The integrational approach: Maximum context......Page 255
4.1 Parts of speech and syntactic categories: Are the categories universal?......Page 257
4.2 Verb morphology, case and voice......Page 258
4.3 Negation......Page 259
4.4 The lexicon......Page 260
4.5 Discourse structure related to timeline or eventline......Page 261
4.6 Discourse markers or particles......Page 262
5. Metaphor and text......Page 263
6. Contextual and cultural constraints versus universal grammar......Page 265
7. Conclusion......Page 266
References......Page 267
General Index......Page 270
List of Contributors......Page 274