Authored by ultrasound specialists and reviewed by expert sonographers, this unique title is an image-rich, clinically relevant resource for both sonographers and beginning sonologists. Diagnostic Ultrasound for Sonographers meets the need for higher level diagnostic knowledge to not only identify an abnormality but understand its diagnostic implications, and anticipate what additional images would be needed to confirm a diagnosis. It includes tips on optimizing scans to streamline and accelerate the diagnostic process.
- Provides one-of-a-kind, detailed coverage of a wide range ultrasound findings and diagnoses specifically tailored to help sonographers and beginning sonologists understand the comprehensive diagnostic ultrasound exams they perform, improve diagnostic accuracy, and minimize the frequency of additional radiologic tests
- Covers exams and diagnoses that would be seen in a busy ultrasound practice, focusing on what is essential for diagnosis, such as imaging anatomy, imaging findings, differential diagnosis, pathology, clinical issues, and a diagnostic checklist
- Presents detailed cross-sectional ultrasound of normal anatomy, with correlated MR and CT images where appropriate, and full-color drawings
- Includes clinically relevant diagnosis chapters with concise, bulleted Key Facts including classic imaging findings, artifacts, pitfalls, and recommendations, all generously illustrated with thoroughly annotated sonographic imaging examples and full-color drawings
- Expert ConsultT eBook version included with purchase, which allows you to search all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices
Author(s): Aya Kamaya, Jade Wong-You-Cheong, Paula J. Woodward
Publisher: Elsevier
Year: 2018
Language: English
Pages: 816
Front Cover
Diagnostic Ultrasound for Sonographers
Copyright Page
Dedications
Contributing Authors
Preface
Acknowledgments
Sections
Table of Contents
PART I
SECTION 1:
Liver
Anatomy and Approach
Chapter
1. Liver
GROSS ANATOMY
IMAGING ANATOMY
ANATOMY IMAGING ISSUES
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Diffuse Parenchymal Disease
Chapter
2. Acute Hepatitis
Chapter
3. Hepatic Cirrhosis
Chapter
4. Hepatic Steatosis
Chapter
5. Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome (Venoocclusive Disease)
Cysts and Cyst-Like Lesions
Chapter
6. Hepatic Cyst
Chapter
7. Biliary Hamartoma
Chapter
8. Biliary Cystadenoma/Carcinoma
Chapter
9. Biloma
Chapter
10. Pyogenic Hepatic Abscess
Chapter
11. Amebic Hepatic Abscess
Chapter
12. Hepatic Hydatid Cyst
Chapter
13. Hepatic Microabscesses
Chapter
14. Peribiliary Cyst
Focal Solid Masses
Chapter
15. Hepatic Cavernous Hemangioma
Chapter
16. Focal Nodular Hyperplasia
Chapter
17. Hepatic Adenoma
Chapter
18. Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Chapter
19. Hepatic Metastases
Chapter
20. Hepatic Lymphoma
Vascular Conditions
Chapter
21. Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS)
Chapter
22. Portal Hypertension
Chapter
23. Portal Vein Occlusion
Chapter
24. Budd-Chiari Syndrome
Chapter
25. Portal Vein Gas
Liver Transplants
Chapter
26. Liver Transplant Hepatic Artery Stenosis/Thrombosis
Chapter
27. Liver Transplant Portal Vein Stenosis/Thrombosis
Chapter
28. Liver Transplant Hepatic Venous Stenosis/Thrombosis
Chapter
29. Liver Transplant Biliary Stricture
SECTION 2:
Biliary System
Anatomy and Approach
Chapter
30. Biliary System
TERMINOLOGY
IMAGING ANATOMY
ANATOMY IMAGING ISSUES
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Gallstones and Mimics
Chapter
31. Cholelithiasis
Chapter
32. Echogenic Bile
Chapter
33. Gallbladder Polyp
Gallbladder Wall Pathology
Chapter
34. Acute Calculous Cholecystitis
Chapter
35. Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis
Chapter
36. Chronic Cholecystitis
Chapter
37. Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis
Chapter
38. Porcelain Gallbladder
Chapter
39. Gallbladder Adenomyomatosis
Chapter
40. Gallbladder Carcinoma
Ductal Pathology
Chapter
41. Biliary Ductal Dilatation
Chapter
42. Choledochal Cyst
Chapter
43. Choledocholithiasis
Chapter
44. Biliary Ductal Gas
Chapter
45. Cholangiocarcinoma
Chapter
46. Acute Cholangitis
Chapter
47. Recurrent Pyogenic Cholangitis
Chapter
48. HIV-/AIDS-Related Cholangiopathy
SECTION 3:
Pancreas
Anatomy and Approach
Chapter
49. Pancreas
GROSS ANATOMY
IMAGING ANATOMY
ANATOMY IMAGING ISSUES
Pancreatitis
Chapter
50. Acute Pancreatitis
Chapter
51. Pancreatic Pseudocyst
Chapter
52. Chronic Pancreatitis
Simple Cysts and Cystic Neoplasms
Chapter
53. Mucinous Cystic Pancreatic Tumor
Chapter
54. Serous Cystadenoma of Pancreas
Chapter
55. Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm (IPMN)
Solid-Appearing Pancreatic Neoplasms
Chapter
56. Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma
Chapter
57. Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor
Chapter
58. Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm
SECTION 4:
Spleen
Anatomy and Approach
Chapter
59. Spleen
GROSS ANATOMY
IMAGING ANATOMY
ANATOMY IMAGING ISSUES
EMBRYOLOGY
Splenic Lesions
Chapter
60. Splenomegaly
Chapter
61. Splenic Cyst
Chapter
62. Splenic Tumors
Chapter
63. Splenic Infarct
SECTION 5:
Urinary Tract
Anatomy and Approach
Chapter
64. Kidneys
GROSS ANATOMY
IMAGING ANATOMY
ANATOMY IMAGING ISSUES
EMBRYOLOGY
Chapter
65. Ureters and Bladder
GROSS ANATOMY
IMAGING ANATOMY
ANATOMY IMAGING ISSUES
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Normal Variants and Pseudolesions
Chapter
66. Column of Bertin, Kidney
Chapter
67. Renal Junctional Line
Chapter
68. Renal Ectopia
Chapter
69. Horseshoe Kidney
Chapter
70. Ureteral Duplication
Chapter
71. Ureteral Ectopia
Chapter
72. Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction
Calculi and Calcinosis
Chapter
73. Urolithiasis
Chapter
74. Nephrocalcinosis
Chapter
75. Hydronephrosis
Cysts and Cystic Disorders
Chapter
76. Simple Renal Cyst
Chapter
77. Complex Renal Cyst
Chapter
78. Cystic Disease of Dialysis
Chapter
79. Multilocular Cystic Nephroma
Urinary Tract Infection
Chapter
80. Acute Pyelonephritis
Chapter
81. Renal Abscess
Chapter
82. Emphysematous Pyelonephritis
Chapter
83. Pyonephrosis
Chapter
84. Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis
Chapter
85. Tuberculosis, Urinary Tract
Solid Renal Neoplasms
Chapter
86. Renal Cell Carcinoma
Chapter
87. Renal Metastases
Chapter
88. Renal Angiomyolipoma
Chapter
89. Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
Chapter
90. Renal Lymphoma
Vascular Conditions
Chapter
91. Renal Artery Stenosis
Chapter
92. Renal Vein Thrombosis
Chapter
93. Renal Infarct
Chapter
94. Perinephric Hematoma
Bladder
Chapter
95. Bladder Carcinoma
Chapter
96. Ureterocele
Chapter
97. Bladder Diverticulum
Chapter
98. Bladder Calculi
SECTION 6:
Kidney Transplant
Renal Transplant Complications
Chapter
99. Perigraft Fluid Collections
Chapter
100. Renal Transplant Hydronephrosis
Chapter
101. Transplant Renal Artery Stenosis
Chapter
102. Transplant Renal Artery Thrombosis
Chapter
103. Transplant Renal Vein Thrombosis
Chapter
104. Renal Transplant Arteriovenous (AV) Fistula
Chapter
105. Renal Transplant Pseudoaneurysm
Chapter
106. Renal Transplant Rejection
Chapter
107. Delayed Renal Graft Function
SECTION 7:
Adrenal Gland
Anatomy and Approach
Chapter
108. Adrenal Glands
GROSS ANATOMY
ANATOMY IMAGING ISSUES
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Adrenal Lesions
Chapter
109. Adrenal Hemorrhage
Chapter
110. Myelolipoma
Chapter
111. Adrenal Adenoma
Chapter
112. Adrenal Cyst
Chapter
113. Pheochromocytoma
Chapter
114. Adrenal Carcinoma
SECTION 8:
Abdominal Wall/Peritoneal Cavity
Anatomy and Approach
Chapter
115. Abdominal Lymph Nodes
GROSS ANATOMY
IMAGING ANATOMY
ANATOMY IMAGING ISSUES
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Chapter
116. Peritoneal Cavity
TERMINOLOGY
GROSS ANATOMY
ANATOMY IMAGING ISSUES
Chapter
117. Abdominal Wall
TERMINOLOGY
GROSS ANATOMY
ANATOMY IMAGING ISSUES
Abdominal Wall
Chapter
118. Abdominal Wall Hernia
Chapter
119. Groin Hernia
Peritoneal Cavity
Chapter
120. Ascites
Chapter
121. Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
SECTION 9:
Bowel
Anatomy and Approach
Chapter
122. Bowel
GROSS ANATOMY
IMAGING ANATOMY
Bowel Abnormalities
Chapter
123. Appendicitis
Chapter
124. Appendiceal Mucocele
Chapter
125. Intussusception
Chapter
126. Epiploic Appendagitis
Chapter
127. Diverticulitis
Chapter
128. Crohn Disease
PART II
SECTION 1:
Male Pelvis
Anatomy and Approach
Chapter
129. Prostate and Seminal Vesicles
GROSS ANATOMY
IMAGING ANATOMY
Chapter
130. Testes and Scrotum
GROSS ANATOMY
IMAGING ANATOMY
Chapter
131. Penis and Urethra
IMAGING ANATOMY
ANATOMY IMAGING ISSUES
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Scrotal Lesions
Chapter
132. Testicular Germ Cell Tumors
Chapter
133. Gonadal Stromal Tumors, Testis
Chapter
134. Testicular Lymphoma/Leukemia
Chapter
135. Epidermoid Cyst
Chapter
136. Tubular Ectasia of Rete Testis
Chapter
137. Testicular Microlithiasis
Chapter
138. Testicular Torsion/Infarction
Chapter
139. Undescended Testis
Chapter
140. Epididymitis/Orchitis
Chapter
141. Scrotal Trauma
Chapter
142. Hydrocele
Chapter
143. Spermatocele/Epididymal Cyst
Chapter
144. Adenomatoid Tumor
Chapter
145. Varicocele
Chapter
146. Prostatic Hyperplasia
Chapter
147. Prostatic Carcinoma
SECTION 2:
Female Pelvis
Anatomy and Approach
Chapter
148. Uterus
GROSS ANATOMY
IMAGING ANATOMY
Chapter
149. Cervix
GROSS ANATOMY
IMAGING ANATOMY
Chapter
150. Vagina
TERMINOLOGY
GROSS ANATOMY
IMAGING ANATOMY
EMBRYOLOGY
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Chapter
151. Ovaries
GROSS ANATOMY
IMAGING ANATOMY
ANATOMY IMAGING ISSUES
Cervical and Myometrial Pathology
Chapter
152. Nabothian Cyst
Chapter
153. Cervical Carcinoma
Chapter
154. Adenomyosis
Chapter
155. Leiomyoma
Chapter
156. Uterine Anomalies
Endometrial Disorders
Chapter
157. Hematometrocolpos
Chapter
158. Endometrial Polyp
Chapter
159. Endometrial Carcinoma
Chapter
160. Endometritis
Chapter
161. Intrauterine Device
Ovarian Cysts and Cystic Neoplasms
Chapter
162. Functional Ovarian Cyst
Chapter
163. Hemorrhagic Cyst
Chapter
164. Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
Chapter
165. Serous Ovarian Cystadenoma/Carcinoma
Chapter
166. Mucinous Ovarian Cystadenoma/Carcinoma
Chapter
167. Ovarian Teratoma
Chapter
168. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Chapter
169. Endometrioma
Nonovarian Cystic Masses
Chapter
170. Tuboovarian Abscess
Chapter
171. Hydrosalpinx
Chapter
172. Parovarian Cyst
Chapter
173. Peritoneal Inclusion Cyst
Vaginal and Vulvar Cysts
Chapter
174. Bartholin Cyst
Chapter
175. Gartner Duct Cyst
Miscellaneous Ovarian Masses
Chapter
176. Sex Cord-Stromal Tumor
Chapter
177. Adnexal/Ovarian Torsion
Chapter
178. Ovarian Metastases Including Krukenberg Tumor
PART III
SECTION 1:
Anatomy and Approach
Chapter
179. Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
GROSS ANATOMY
ANATOMY IMAGING ISSUES
Chapter
180. Cervical Lymph Nodes
TERMINOLOGY
IMAGING ANATOMY
ANATOMY IMAGING ISSUES
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
SECTION 2:
Neck Lesions
Chapter
181. Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
Chapter
182. Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma
Chapter
183. Thyroid Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Chapter
184. Multinodular Goiter
Chapter
185. Colloid Cyst of Thyroid
Chapter
186. Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Chapter
187. Graves Disease
Chapter
188. Parathyroid Adenoma
Chapter
189. Reactive Adenopathy
Chapter
190. Malignant Cervical Lymph Nodes
Chapter
191. Parotid Tumors
Chapter
192. Submandibular Sialadenitis
PART IV
SECTION 1:
Anatomy and Approach
Chapter
193. Carotid Arteries
TERMINOLOGY
GROSS ANATOMY
IMAGING ANATOMY
ANATOMY IMAGING ISSUES
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Chapter
194. Vertebral Arteries
IMAGING ANATOMY
ANATOMY IMAGING ISSUES
EMBRYOLOGY
Chapter
195. Neck Veins
TERMINOLOGY
GROSS ANATOMY
IMAGING ANATOMY
ANATOMY IMAGING ISSUES
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Chapter
196. Aorta and Inferior Vena Cava
TERMINOLOGY
GROSS ANATOMY
IMAGING ANATOMY
ANATOMY IMAGING ISSUES
Chapter
197. Iliac Arteries and Veins
GROSS ANATOMY
IMAGING ANATOMY
ANATOMY IMAGING ISSUES
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Chapter
198. Leg Vessels
GROSS ANATOMY
ANATOMY IMAGING ISSUES
SECTION 2:
Vascular Lesions
Chapter
199. Jugular Vein Thrombosis
Chapter
200. Carotid Artery Dissection in Neck
Chapter
201. Carotid Stenosis/Occlusion
Chapter
202. Vertebral Stenosis/Occlusion
Chapter
203. Deep Vein Thrombosis
Chapter
204. Varicose Veins/Incompetent Perforator
PART V
SECTION 1:
Anatomy and Approach
Chapter
205. Shoulder
IMAGING ANATOMY
ANATOMY IMAGING ISSUES
Chapter
206. Groin
TERMINOLOGY
IMAGING ANATOMY
ANATOMY IMAGING ISSUES
Chapter
207. Leg Muscles
TERMINOLOGY
GROSS ANATOMY
ANATOMY IMAGING ISSUES
SECTION 2:
Musculoskeletal Lesions
Chapter
208. Rotator Cuff/Biceps Tendinosis
Chapter
209. Rotator Cuff/Biceps Tendon Tear
Chapter
210. Baker Cyst
Chapter
211. Lipoma
Chapter
212. Epidermoid Cyst
Chapter
213. Hematoma/Seroma
Chapter
214. Soft Tissue Infection
Chapter
215. Ganglion Cyst
Chapter
216. Muscle Injury
Chapter
217. Ligament Injury
PART VI
SECTION 1:
First Trimester
Anatomy and Approach
Chapter
218. First Trimester
EMBRYOLOGY AND ANATOMY
SCANNING APPROACH AND IMAGING ISSUES
Abnormal Intrauterine Gestation
Chapter
219. Abnormal and Failed First-Trimester Pregnancy
Chapter
220. Perigestational Hemorrhage
Chapter
221. Complete Hydatidiform Mole
Ectopic Gestation
Chapter
222. Tubal Ectopic
Chapter
223. Other Ectopics
SECTION 2:
Brain and Spine
Anatomy and Approach
Chapter
224. Brain and Spine
EMBRYOLOGY AND ANATOMY
SCANNING APPROACH AND IMAGING ISSUES
Exencephaly, Anencephaly
Chapter
225. Exencephaly, Anencephaly
Chapter
226. Cephalocele
Chapter
227. Holoprosencephaly
Chapter
228. Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum
Chapter
229. Choroid Plexus Cyst
Chapter
230. Arachnoid Cyst
Chapter
231. Aqueductal Stenosis
Chapter
232. Chiari 2 Malformation
Chapter
233. Dandy-Walker Malformation
Chapter
234. Mega Cisterna Magna
Chapter
235. Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformation
Chapter
236. Intracranial Hemorrhage and Encephalomalacia
Chapter
237. Absent Cavum Septi Pellucidi
Spine
Chapter
238. Spina Bifida
Chapter
239. Caudal Regression Sequence
Chapter
240. Sacrococcygeal Teratoma
SECTION 3:
Face and Neck
Anatomy and Approach
Chapter
241. Face and Neck
EMBRYOLOGY AND ANATOMY
SCANNING APPROACH AND IMAGING ISSUES
Face and Neck Lesions
Chapter
242. Cleft Lip, Palate
Chapter
243. Cystic Hygroma
SECTION 4:
Chest
Anatomy and Approach
Chapter
244. Chest
EMBRYOLOGY AND ANATOMY
SCANNING APPROACH AND IMAGING ISSUES
Chest Lesions
Chapter
245. Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Chapter
246. Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation (CPAM)
Chapter
247. Bronchopulmonary Sequestration (BPS)
SECTION 5: Heart
Anatomy and Approach
Chapter
248. Cardiovascular System
EMBRYOLOGY AND ANATOMY
SCANNING APPROACH AND IMAGING ISSUES
Heart Defects
Chapter
249. Atrioventricular Septal Defect
Chapter
250. Ventricular Septal Defect
Chapter
251. Ebstein Anomaly
Chapter
252. Hypoplastic Left Heart
Chapter
253. Tetralogy of Fallot
Chapter
254. Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA)
Chapter
255. Truncus Arteriosus
Chapter
256. Rhabdomyoma
SECTION 6: Abdominal Wall and Gastrointestinal Tract
Anatomy and Approach
Chapter
257. Abdominal Wall and Gastrointestinal Tract
EMBRYOLOGY
SCANNING APPROACH AND IMAGING ISSUES
Abdominal Wall Defects
Chapter
258. Omphalocele
Chapter
259. Gastroschisis
Chapter
260. Body Stalk Anomaly
Chapter
261. Bladder Exstrophy
Bowel Abnormalities
Chapter
262. Esophageal Atresia
Chapter
263. Duodenal Atresia
Chapter
264. Jejunal, Ileal Atresia
Chapter
265. Meconium Peritonitis, Pseudocyst
Chapter
266. Anal Atresia
Chapter
267. Cloacal Malformation/Urogenital Sinus
Hepatobiliary Abnormalities
Chapter
268. Choledochal Cyst
SECTION 7:
Genitourinary Tract
Anatomy and Approach
Chapter
269. Genitourinary Tract
EMBRYOLOGY AND ANATOMY
SCANNING APPROACH AND IMAGING ISSUES
Kidneys and Bladder
Chapter
270. Urinary Tract Dilation
Chapter
271. Duplicated Collecting System
Chapter
272. Other Developmental Variants
Chapter
273. Bilateral Renal Agenesis
Chapter
274. Echogenic Kidneys
Chapter
275. Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction
Chapter
276. Obstructive Renal Dysplasia
Chapter
277. Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney
Chapter
278. Posterior Urethral Valves
Chapter
279. Prune-Belly Syndrome
Adrenal
Chapter
280. Neuroblastoma
Genitalia
Chapter
281. Abnormal Genitalia
Chapter
282. Ovarian Cyst
SECTION 8: Genitourinary Tract
Dysplasias
Chapter
283. Achondrogenesis
Chapter
284. Achondroplasia
Chapter
285. Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Chapter
286. Thanatophoric Dysplasia
Extremity Malformations
Chapter
287. Clubfoot and Rocker-Bottom Foot
Chapter
288. Radial Ray Malformation
Chapter
289. Abnormal Hand
SECTION 9: Placenta, Membranes, and Umbilical Cord
Placenta and Membrane Abnormalities
Chapter
290. Placental Abruption
Chapter
291. Low-Lying Placenta and Previa
Chapter
292. Vasa Previa
Chapter
293. Succenturiate Lobe
Chapter
294. Morbidly Adherent Placenta
Chapter
295. Circumvallate Placenta
Chapter
296. Marginal and Velamentous Cord Insertion
Chapter
297 . Chorioangioma
Umbilical Cord Abnormalities
Chapter
298. Single Umbilical Artery
Chapter
299. Umbilical Vein Varix
SECTION 10. Multiple Gestations
Chapter
300. Chorionicity and Amnionicity in Twins
Chapter
301. Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome
Chapter
302. Discordant Twin Growth
Chapter
303. Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion
Chapter
304. Conjoined Twins
Chapter
305. Triplets and Beyond
SECTION 11: Aneuploidy
Chapter
306. Trisomy 21
Chapter
307. Trisomy 18
Chapter
308. Trisomy 13
Chapter
309. Turner Syndrome (45,X)
Chapter
310. Triploidy
SECTION 12: Syndromes and Multisystem Disorders
Chapter
311. Amniotic Band Syndrome
Chapter
312. Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome
Chapter
313. Meckel-Gruber Syndrome
Chapter
314. Pierre Robin Sequence
Chapter
315. Sirenomelia
Chapter
316. VACTERL Association
SECTION 13: Infection
Chapter
317. Cytomegalovirus
SECTION 14: Fluid, Growth, and Well-Being
Chapter
318. Parameters of Fetal Well-Being
Chapter
319. Fetal Growth Restriction
Chapter
320. Macrosomia
Chapter
321. Fetal Anemia
Chapter
322. Hydrops
SECTION 15: Maternal Conditions in Pregnancy
Chapter
323. Myoma in Pregnancy
Chapter
324. Müllerian Duct Anomalies in Pregnancy
Chapter
325. Cervical Insufficiency/Short Cervix
Chapter
326. Retained Products of Conception
PART VII
SECTION 1: Brain
Anatomy and Approach
Chapter
327. Untitled
GROSS ANATOMY
ANATOMY IMAGING ISSUES
Brain Pathology
Chapter
328. Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage
SECTION 2: Spine
Anatomy and Approach
Chapter
329. Vertebral Column and Spinal Cord
IMAGING ANATOMY
ANATOMY IMAGING ISSUES
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
INDEX
