This book provides an updated and detailed overview on the recent developments of bioethanol technology. It looks at the historical perspectives, chemistry, sources and production of ethanol and discusses biotechnology breakthroughs and promising developments, its uses, advantages, problems, environmental effects and characteristics. In addition, it presents information about ethanol in different parts of the world and also highlights the challenges and future of ethanol. The first edition of this book was published as a SpringerBriefs in 2013. Since then, many new developments have taken place in the last six years. This new edition will highlight the evolution in bioethanol development from first-generation production to the futuristic fourth-generation bioethanol production, the various constraints and challenges involved, and the scope for development. This book caters to the audience who are interested in alternative transportation fuels which are both biodegradable and sustainable to the environment.
Author(s): Pratima Bajpai
Series: Green Energy and Technology
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Year: 2020
Language: English
Pages: 222
City: Singapore
Preface
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 General Background and Introduction
References
2 Historical Perspectives
References
3 Key Drivers and Trends
References
4 Chemistry, Types and Sources of Ethanol
4.1 Chemistry of Ethanol
4.2 Types of Ethanol
4.3 Raw Materials
References
5 Production of Bioethanol
5.1 Background
5.1.1 First Generation Process Technology
5.1.2 Second Generation Process Technology
5.1.3 Third Generation Process Technology
5.1.4 Fourth-Generation Process Technology
5.2 Feedstock Processing
5.2.1 Processing of Sugar Crops
5.2.2 Processing of Cereal Crops
5.2.3 Use of Pulp and Paper Industry Wastes for Ethanol Production
5.2.4 Converting Pulp and Paper Mills into Biorefineries
5.3 Algae for Bioethanol Production
5.3.1 Cultivation of Algae
5.4 Production Costs
5.5 Important Developments in the Production of Cellulosic Ethanol
5.5.1 Energy Balances
References
6 Pretreatment of Lignocelluloses Biomass for Bioethanol Production
6.1 Physical Pretreatment
6.1.1 Mechanical Comminution
6.1.2 High Energy Radiation
6.1.3 Pyrolysis
6.2 Physicochemical Pretreatment
6.2.1 Steam Explosion
6.2.2 Liquid Hot Water Pretreatment (LHW)
6.2.3 Ammonia Fibre/Freeze Explosion (AFEX), Ammonia Recycle Percolation (ARP) and Soaking Aqueous Ammonia (SAA)
6.2.4 Carbon Dioxide Explosion
6.3 Chemical Pretreatment
6.3.1 Oxidative Delignification
6.3.2 Acid Treatment
6.3.3 Alkali Treatment
6.3.4 Organosolv Process
6.3.5 Sulphite Pretreatment
6.4 Cellulose Solvent-Based Lignocellulose Pretreatments
6.4.1 Ionic Liquids
6.4.2 Aqueous N-Methylmorpholine-N-Oxide
6.4.3 Urea/Sodium Hydroxide
6.4.4 N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAc)/LiCl
6.5 Biological Treatment
6.6 Other Methods
6.6.1 Glycerol
6.6.2 Wet Oxidation
6.6.3 Micorowaves Pretreatment
6.6.4 Ultrasonication
References
7 Ethanol Markets
7.1 Transportation Fuel
7.1.1 E10 or Less
7.1.2 E15
7.1.3 E20, E25
7.1.4 E70, E75
7.1.5 E85
7.1.6 E100
7.2 Niche Markets
7.2.1 Fuel Cells
7.2.2 E Diesel
7.2.3 Aviation
7.2.4 Snowmobiles
7.2.5 Boats/Marine
7.2.6 Small Engine Equipment
References
8 Characteristics of Fuel Ethanol
8.1 Environmentally Friendly
8.1.1 Fuel Economy
References
9 Benefits and Problems with Bioethanol
9.1 Benefits
9.1.1 Environmental Friendliness
9.2 Problems with Ethanol/Ethanol Blends
References
10 Global Production of Bioethanol
10.1 European Union
10.2 Australia
10.3 China
10.4 United States
10.5 Brazil
10.6 Canada
10.7 India
10.8 Thailand
10.9 Japan
References
11 Ethanol and Environment
References
12 Future of Bioethanol
References
Index
