Development with a Body: Sexuality, Human Rights and Development

Abbreviations......Page 8
Acknowledgements......Page 11
Foreword......Page 12
1 Development with a body: making the connections between sexuality, human rights and development......Page 16
Contexts and histories......Page 17
Sexuality and development: making the connections......Page 20
Reframing the linkages......Page 21
Sexual rights are human rights......Page 22
Gender and sex orders......Page 26
Changing mindsets......Page 30
Conclusions......Page 33
Notes and References
......Page 34
Conceptualizing ‘sex’: essentialism and constructivism......Page 37
Development’s encounters with sexuality......Page 39
Figure 2.1......Page 44
Contextualizing sexual rights frames......Page 48
Reflections and recommendations......Page 53
Notes and References
......Page 55
3 Sexual rights are human rights......Page 60
Timing and contexts......Page 61
So what are the obstacles to progress?......Page 62
The challenges to and of maintaining the status quo......Page 63
The opportunities we must seize......Page 65
Notes......Page 66
References......Page 68
4 Sex work, trafficking and HIV: how development is compromising sex workers’ human rights......Page 69
The conflation of trafficking and sex work......Page 70
Victimhood, consent and gender in the United Nations Palermo Protocol......Page 72
The shift from anti-trafficking to anti-prostitution in development funding......Page 74
Shifting farther away from sex workers’ rights......Page 76
Putting ideology first: who’s selling out?......Page 78
Notes and References......Page 80
5 The language of rights......Page 82
Queer thoughts on the rights language......Page 83
Conclusion......Page 89
Box 5.1 Activism Against Violence Against Women......Page 85
Box 5.2 Prayas......Page 86
Box 5.3 Antakshiri......Page 87
Box 5.4 Sovereignty and Citizenship......Page 88
Notes and References
......Page 91
6 Children’s sexual rights in an era
of HIV/AIDS......Page 92
Race, class, gender in South African AIDS......Page 93
Constructing sexual rights in the context of HIV/AIDS......Page 95
Conclusion......Page 98
References......Page 99
Male responsibilities?......Page 101
The sexual oppression of (some) men......Page 102
Men’s experience of sexual violence......Page 104
Sexuality and masculinity......Page 105
Conclusion......Page 106
References......Page 107
8 Human rights interrupted: an illustration
from India......Page 108
Section 377 and sexuality......Page 109
Human rights arguments, generic limitations......Page 110
Human rights interrupted......Page 112
Ways forward......Page 114
Acknowledgements......Page 116
Notes......Page 117
References......Page 118
9 Discrimination against lesbians in
the workplace......Page 122
Lesbians as women workers: the Latin American context......Page 123
Sexual rights in Latin America: the legal context......Page 124
Lesbians in Latin America: the struggle for visibility......Page 125
Sexual orientation and gender expression: two dimensions of discrimination against lesbians in the workplace......Page 127
Discrimination based on sexual preference/orientation......Page 128
‘Survival’ strategies......Page 130
Successes......Page 131
Conclusions......Page 132
Notes......Page 134
References......Page 135
Jacob Zuma and ‘a better life for all’......Page 136
‘Wrong’ sex, the Bill of Rights and discursive political acts......Page 138
The organization of sexual life and the role of ruling masculinity......Page 143
Ruling heterosexual masculinity’s relation to ‘a better life’ in post-apartheid South Africa
......Page 144
National, social and cultural development: sexual war zones......Page 145
Conclusion......Page 147
Notes and References
......Page 148
Colonial ordinances and assumptions......Page 151
The pre-Hispanic gender continuum and colonial reaction......Page 152
Controlling bodies......Page 153
Figure 11.1......Page 154
The twenty-first-century travesti......Page 155
Reflections......Page 158
Notes and References
......Page 159
Background......Page 161
Love affairs and changing marriage practices......Page 162
Instability of marriages......Page 164
Sexuality and desires......Page 166
Sexuality and power......Page 172
Acknowledgements......Page 173
Notes and References
......Page 174
The unacknowledged vulnerability of sex workers to trafficking......Page 176
Combating trafficking in Serbia: narratives, policies and actors......Page 178
Punishment rather than protection......Page 184
State (police) violence is what prevails......Page 186
Migration: a non-solution......Page 188
Conclusion......Page 189
Notes and References
......Page 191
Putting sexual freedom on the agenda......Page 196
Making alliances, becoming attiyo......Page 197
Going public......Page 198
Reframing sex work......Page 199
Reflections......Page 200
Sexuality education, human rights and development......Page 202
Prospects and challenges: lessons from Nigeria......Page 205
Conclusion......Page 210
References......Page 212
16 Terms of contact and touching change: investigating pleasure in an HIV epidemic......Page 214
Sexual contexts......Page 215
Learning about pleasure......Page 216
Sexual rights and pleasure......Page 219
Transforming sexual behaviour – pleasure and safety......Page 221
Building capacity for sexual health, safety and rights......Page 223
Note and References......Page 224
Sexuality, rights and development......Page 225
Sexual rights and rights-based development......Page 226
The integrality of rights......Page 228
Perspectives on poverty......Page 231
Participation as a strategy for sexual rights......Page 232
Challenges of participation for sexual rights......Page 234
Final reflections......Page 237
Acknowledgements, Note and References......Page 238
18 Integrating sexuality into gender and human rights frameworks: a case study from Turkey......Page 240
Sexuality as a crucial domain of women’s human rights......Page 241
Integrating sexuality into human rights agendas in Turkey......Page 243
Bringing sexual rights into the public discourse: the campaign for the reform of the Turkish Penal Code from a gender perspective (2002–04)......Page 251
Conclusion......Page 255
Notes and References......Page 256
About the authors......Page 258
Index......Page 264