Fracture -Vug carbonate reservoirs are difficult to characterize and develop due to their complex
storage mechanisms and fluid flow patterns of hydrocarbons. Problems such as a rapid decline
in production rates, low recovery factors, and poor sweeping efficiency arise for such reservoirs
around the world. As a result, few fracture-Vug carbonate reservoirs have been developed successfully
in the world. The Ordovician reservoir in the Ta he oilfield of China is the largest fracture-Vug reservoir in the world, and has an estimated oil reserves of up to 3 billion tons.
Development Theories and Methods of Fracture-Vug Carbonate Reservoirs explores the theories and
methods for successful development of a fracture-Vug reservoir by presenting the developmental
strategies used in the Tahe oilfield. Some of the theories and methods of developing the fracture-Vug
reservoirs have been inspired by two national research projects in China:"Basic research on development
of fracture-vug carbonate reservoirs" (2006-10) and "Basic research on production mechanism and
oil recovery enhancement of fracture-vugcarbonate reservoirs• (2011-15) supported by the National
Basic Research Program of China. These theories and methods have facilitated the successful development
of the fracture-Vug reservoir in the Tahe oilfield, providing effective technologies and inspirations
to developing similar reservoirs everywhere
Author(s): Yang Li
Edition: 1st
Publisher: Academic Press
Year: 2017
Language: English
Pages: 503
Foreword vii
1 Characteristics and forming mechanism of fracture-vug carbonate
reservoirs 1
1.1 Characteristics of fracture-vug reservoirs
1.2 Developmental and evolutionary mechanism of palaeo-karst 18
1.3 Development pattern of carbonate fracture-vug system 55
1.4 Plane distribution features of fracture-vug systems in the Tahe
Oilfield 72
1.5 Vertical distribution of fracture-vug systems in the Tahe Oilfield 89
1.6 Forming mechanism and development characteristics of fracture
system 96
1.7 Filling materials and characteristics 106
References 114
Further reading 116
2 Geophysical characterization of fracture-vug carbonate reservoirs 117
2.1 Seismic forward modeling 117
2.2 Seismic responses of fracture-vug carbonate units 128
2.3 Seismic imaging 155
2.4 Reservoir description and fluid detection 171
2.5 Comprehensive application of geophysical technology 196
3 3D geological modeling of a fracture-vug carbonate reservoir 223
3.1 Identification of fracture-vug reservoir 223
3.2 Characterization of fracture-vug unit 251
3.3 3D modeling of a fracture-vug reservoir 256
3.4 Attribute parameter modeling of a fracture-vug carbonate reservoir 270
3.5 Verification and application 277
4 Fluid flow law in fracture-vug carbonate reservoir 283
4.1 Design of physical modeling experiment for fracture-vug media 283
4.2 Single-phase flow law in a fracture-vug medium 294
4.3 Two-phase flow law in fracture-vug medium 303
4.4 Fluid flow law among different systems in fracture-vug media 315
4.5 Applications and numerical experimental study 338
5 Numerical simulation of a fracture-vug carbonate reservoir
Symbols and units
Nomenclature
5.1 Mathematical model
5.2 Numerical solution to fracture-vug reservoir model
5.3 Validation of numerical simulation method
6 Development technology for fracture-cavern carbonate reservoirs
6.1 Performance analysis techniques for fracture-cavern reservoirs
6.2 Waterflooding development technology for fracture-cavern oil reservoirs 443
6.3 Nitrogen injection EOR technology for fracture-cavern reservoirs 459
6.4 Horizontal well sidetracking and reservoir stimulation technologies
for fracture-cavern oil reservoirs 472
References
Index
